'Inhabiting the Habitus': Identity, Belonging, and Becoming in the Narratives of Mature Women Returners at the University of Washington Tacoma

Lundberg, Margaret University of Washington ProQuest Dissertations & 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This dissertation explores the stories of lived experience of mature women returners within the habitus of a single institution of higher education: The University of Washington Tacoma (UWT). This urban-serving university in Washington State was founded more than 30 years ago as an upper division branch campus designed to serve a place and time-bound, working adult population in need of a local institution to complete baccalaureate and graduate degrees. Women age 35 and over represent a growing segment of this population at UWT, as well as other institutions of higher education across the United States over the last several decades, yet little research has considered their storied experiences as mature returners within the habitus of the university. Viewing this research as a move toward social justice and equitable opportunity, I gathered data from oral histories and campus archives, as well as through interviews and other forms of narrative from eight mature women returners from a variety of backgrounds. Focusing on themes of belonging and becoming in their storied experiences, I sought to make visible both supports and obstacles to their successes as returning students. Employing an amalgamation of narrative inquiry and autoethnography as methodological tools of analysis and interpretation, I included my own experiences as a mature woman returner alongside those of my study participants. In this way, I (re)storied our jointly constructed experience into a new narrative representing a student population that is often overlooked within campus policies and practices. Incorporating an intrinsic case study of UWT that included an extensive analysis of policies, practices, documents, artifacts, oral histories, and interviews with current staff, faculty, and administrators, and relating this data to the stories of my focal participants, I examined the habitus of UWT from the inside. In this way, I was able to gain an understanding of how mature women returners constructed meaning and identity as UWT students through their experiences of belonging and becoming, even as I considered ways the university might better support them.

Service and Reputation: An Examination of the Growth in Graduate Education at Public Master's Universities

Kinne-Clawson, Alicia M University of Washington ProQuest Dissertations & 2017 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Public Master's granting universities have long been viewed as a sector "caught in the middle" between their much more prestigious research university counterparts and the more numerous community colleges. The little research that exists on this sector of institutions has suggested that the Master's university classification merely represents a way station to becoming a research university. Attainment of research university status is appealing because with it come significant resources, access to high quality faculty and a research enterprise, and legitimacy through increased political clout and, for many institutions, national rankings. Over the last several decades, public Master's universities have evolved rapidly from their heritage as largely state teacher training academies. Just as their undergraduate enrollments have grown, so too, have their graduate enrollments. Alongside booming enrollments has been a slow increase in undergraduate selectivity, steady growth in state and federal grants and contracts for research, and the addition of new Master's programs---and occasionally doctoral programs--at public Master's universities. While many of these trends seem to indicate that institutions in this sector have been evolving towards the research university model, the volatile resource environment that these universities now operate in raises questions about the extent to which this is a viable strategy in the long-run. Using graduate enrollments as one indicator of pursuit of the research university model, this dissertation applies a mixed methods approach to create an enhanced understanding of the role and motivations behind the growth in recent decades of graduate enrollments at public Master's universities. Drawing from institutional theory, resource dependency, and competitive strategy literature, and taking account of recent shifts in sources of financial support, this dissertation explores the extent to which graduate enrollment patterns at public Master's universities serve as an indicator of their pursuit of the research university model or some other strategy. Below are the research questions guiding this mixed method study. 1. Pursuit of prestige: Are public master's institutions making a strategic decision to grow graduate programs in order to raise their prestige and social legitimacy relative to other universities? Or, are there other important motivations behind this trend?. 2. Resource dependency: Given the high costs associated with supporting graduate programs, are universities choosing to grow these enrollments in order to replace lost state support? Does revenue from graduate enrollment growth represent a sustainable business strategy?. 3. Labor market: Is the growth in graduate enrollments the outcome of these traditionally regionally focused universities simply filling an unmet labor market need that is seen as consistent with their basic mission of teaching and local service?. 4. Competitive strategy: To what extent are these universities growing graduate enrollments to compete more successfully with neighboring institutions? Or, to carve out a unique niche in the region that is currently underserved?. 5. State/System governance: To what extent does an institution's autonomy as measured through the policies of the state or system's coordinating or governing board enable or impede the addition of new graduate programs at public Master's universities?. I find from this research that the factors enabling, and the motivations behind, the growth in graduate enrollments are a complex mix of the institutions' resource environment, state policies and governing structures impacting institutional autonomy, and the condition of the state and local economy. The statistical analyses demonstrate evidence that public Master's universities continue to rely on traditional sources of revenue (state funding and undergraduate tuition) in order to grow graduate enrollments. Likewise, the case studies highlighted the necessary conditions to grow graduate enrollments such as the importance of non-traditional revenue streams, for example self-sustaining program tuition revenue, as well as the significant challenges associated with growth. Taken together, this research emphasizes the difficulty of achieving pursuit of the research university model in the context of the current financial environment and establishes it as an exceptionally difficult and risky strategy to follow that is only likely to work in very particular circumstances.

Delivering Rhetorical Entanglements

Pratt, Jacqui University of Washington ProQuest Dissertations & 2019 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This dissertation-a hybrid artifact that employs both traditional and non-traditional means of academic labor- explores methods for producing, engaging, and delivering rhetorical and composition scholarship and pedagogy that captures and conveys the emergence, movement, dynamism, complexity, non-linearity, and embodied nature of myriad more-than-human processes, experiences, and phenomena around which our fields have developed theory. It also seeks to prepare individuals to respond to difficulty, disorder, ambiguity, and complexity through rhetorical practice: the delivery and experience of theory in material form. To accomplish these aims, my research comprehensively engages a metaphor of entanglement across five core "acts" that collectively perform/argue the theoretical, analytical, methodological, and practical possibilities of rhetorical discourse as an emergent, dynamic, non-linear, and aesthetic phenomenon, offering theoretical, pedagogical, and artifactual contributions for cultivating ethico-onto-epistemological rhetorical capacities with(in) entanglements. I also advocate for mattering and dwelling as two general approaches or orientations to observing, capturing, analyzing, working with, and, ultimately, delivering rhetorical entanglements. This dissertation, then, advances conversations on how we practice and conceptualize scholarship and pedagogy, modeling diverse and complex ways of composing, enacting, and delivering rhetorical theory that readies citizens, students, and scholars for ethically handling complexity, ambiguity, uncertainty, and impossibility - all necessary capacities within entangled existence.A note on materials: I've included high-quality images of the 11 cards (and the card back) for the rhetorical Tarot deck I've prototyped called Techne Psychagogia. Feel free to print out the cards and play with the deck to get a full experience of act II.

Waterlogged: Narrating Hydroecologies in the Anthropocene

Schaumberg, Ned University of Washington ProQuest Dissertations & 2018 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

As accelerating global climate change transforms the dynamics of the hydrosphere, water presents simultaneously ecological and epistemological questions: how do human beings comprehend hydrological crises that seem simultaneously immediate and p. Each of the project's chapters takes up a prominent critical reading of a text to examine how attending to mediations of flowing waters disrupts (and ultimately enhances) existing scholarship on these novels. In the first chapter, I discuss Grah. The subsequent three chapters discuss narratives that strategically employ colonial literary forms and structures alongside epistemologies and narrative strategies that have resisted colonial expansion as a means of challenging dominant, homogen. Chapter Three takes up these questions as they appear in the Sundarban estuary of Amitav Ghosh's The Hungry Tide. Where most readings of the novel focus on cultural difference, especially as it relates to environmental attitudes, I argue that ch. The fourth chapter undermines traditional readings of Hurricane Katrina as an "unnatural disaster" by examining the role of water in shaping the bayou of Jesmyn Ward's Salvage the Bones. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).

Putting teeth into the developmental origins hypothesis: A longitudinal study of early childhood malnutrition, enamel hypoplasia and adolescent health in Amazonian Bolivia

Masterson, Erin E University of Washington ProQuest Dissertations & 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Adult teeth may chronologically reflect early childhood experience because enamel on the permanent teeth calcifies incrementally during early childhood and is sensitive to physiological stress. Defects in the enamel do not repair after occurrence or during the life course, leaving a permanent biological mark of physiological insults that occurred during early childhood. This dissertation sought to investigate associations between malnutrition-related early childhood exposures and dental enamel hypoplasia (EH) and to evaluate EH as a predictor of adolescent anthropometrics and biomarkers. We conducted analyses using data from 349 Tsimane' adolescents in Amazonian Bolivia, collected between 2002-2010 and in 2015. In 2015, we examined EH in the permanent maxillary incisors and mandibular canines using digital photography from which the following measures of EH were abstracted: occurrence (any, none), extent of occurrence (2/3 of the tooth surface) and estimated age at occurrence (1, 2, 3, 4 years of age). Data on malnutrition-related early childhood exposures (1-4 years of age) were collected between 2002 and 2010, including stunted growth (height-for-age z-scores, HAZ), underweight (weight-for-age z-scores, WAZ), anemia (hemoglobin), immune activation (c-reactive protein) and parasitic gastrointestinal infection (hookworm infection). Adolescent outcomes (10-17 years of age) were collected in 2015 and included anthropometrics (height, weight, body mass index (BMI)) and biomarkers (hemoglobin (Hb), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), white blood cell count (WBC) and blood pressure). First, we evaluated the reliability of EH measurement using digital photographs and the Modified DDE (developmental defects in the enamel) Index by investigating inter- and intra-rater reliability and evaluating the frequency of EH detection across examiners for systemic biases. Next, we investigated associations between several malnutrition-related childhood exposures and EH in the permanent central maxillary incisors using multivariate log-binomial and ordinal logistic regression as well as generalized estimating equations (GEE). Finally, we investigated EH in the permanent central maxillary incisors (as a marker of early childhood experience) in relation to anthropometrics and biomarkers in adolescence using multivariate linear regression. In conclusion, we detected an EH pattern that was nearly ubiquitous in the study sample, but the rough, cobblestone-like hypoplastic pattern does not fit the typical linear/grooved pattern described in the overwhelming majority of the malnutrition literature. The pattern does not provide evidence in support of a systemic cause. Intra-examiner reliability results suggest that digital photography is a reproducible method for capturing EH, particularly for the central maxillary incisors. The inter-examiner reliability results bring into question the reliability of the digital photography method, but may be explained by systemic biases between the examiners, the subjective measures included in the Modified DDE Index, insufficient examiner training, and the very high prevalence of EH in the study sample. Improvements in examiner training and the measurement index used to classify EH would likely improve inter-examiner reliability. We provided evidence in support of a relationship between early childhood chronic malnutrition (HAZ), immune activation (CRP), parasitic infection (helminth infection) and EH and between EH extent and several adverse anthropometric and biomarker measures, including shorter height and lower weight, lower hemoglobin and greater WBC count. Given that chronic malnutrition and adverse health outcomes are associated with increased mortality, our findings are in line with the bioarchaeological findings. EH extent also seemed to capture a childhood exposure relevant to adolescent HAZ, hemoglobin and WBC count outcomes above and beyond that of childhood anthropometrics. Although not a strong proxy measure for chronic malnutrition, EH extent may be an important measure for predicting adolescent health outcomes. EH extent may serve as a useful proxy measure of childhood experience among adolescents in settings where childhood stunting data is not available. Furthermore, EH extent may capture childhood exposures relevant to adolescent health outcomes, particularly WBC count, that are not captured by childhood or adolescent HAZ and may thus be a useful addition to the "toolkit" of chronic malnutrition markers. This project makes a unique contribution to the existing literature because it prospectively recorded multiple early childhood exposures (beyond height or stunted growth) and had the minimum follow-up time necessary for full eruption of the permanent dentition to demonstrate an association between malnutrition-related childhood exposures, EH in the permanent dentition and adverse adolescent health outcomes. Subsequent work that builds on this project will be directed toward improving measurement of EH, including further characterization of the spectrum of enamel defects observed in the human dentition, systematically investigating EH etiology across populations and further developing EH as a useful predictor of long-term health by evaluating additional health outcomes, associations in more populations and employing advanced methodology. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).

Ecological interactions between Euphydryas editha larvae and their host plants

Haan, Nathan L University of Washington ProQuest Dissertations & 2017 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

I examined ecological interactions between larvae of Euphydryas editha (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and their host plants. These caterpillars, and the plants they eat, provide an intriguing system for studying several aspects of basic and applied ecology. In various chapters I focus on plant-mediated indirect effects, multi-trophic chemical interactions, ontogenetic niche shifts, the ecology and conservation of early-instar caterpillars, and the management and recovery of rare species. Euphydryas editha larvae are oligophagous herbivores, specializing on a few related host plant species. Two hosts I focus on are in the genus Castilleja, and the third host is Plantago lanceolata, an exotic species which E. editha recently incorporated into its diet. The plants E. editha specializes on produce iridoid glycosides, secondary compounds which are deterrent to many organisms, but which Euphydryas and some other specialists co-opt, sometimes accumulating them at high concentrations to defend against predators. Members of the genus Castilleja are hemiparasites; they form connections to other plants' roots and extract resources from them. Therefore, Castilleja traits could depend on interactions with host plants, creating an indirect interaction pathway in which the plants Castilleja parasitizes affect herbivores (E. editha) by modifying the quantity or quality of food available to them. I grew C. levisecta with six different hosts, as well as without a host, while E. editha larvae fed on it. Castilleja size and leaf N concentrations depended on the host it parasitized, and larger, more N-rich plants resulted in larger E. editha larvae with higher survival rates. The ratio of two iridoid glycosides the larvae sequestered also depended on the identity of the host used by Castilleja. This work shows that hemiparasitic plant traits can mediate strong indirect interactions. In a field study, I compared outcomes for E. editha ssp. taylori larvae as they fed on C. levisecta, C. hispida, and P. lanceolata. This subspecies of E. editha is endangered, and inhabits grasslands in the Pacific Northwest. Managers involved in recovery efforts need information about the suitability of its host plants. Therefore, I placed clusters of E. e. taylori eggs on each species, and tracked larval survival from instar to instar. I also measured larval phenology, mass, and sequestration of iridoid glycosides. I tracked the senescence rates, pigmentation, and leaf nutrition (C:N ratios) for plants in each host species, and measured several environmental variables that could influence them. I found that survival depended on the host species that was eaten; it was highest on P. lanceolata, intermediate on C. hispida, and considerably lower on C. levisecta. Importantly, the factors influencing survival depended strongly both on the plant species larvae ate and their larval instar, with different predictors of survival for different instars. The overall differences in survival were mostly because of a disparity in survival during second instar. Larvae feeding on C. levisecta were less likely to survive from hatching to second instar, and from second to third instar, when plants were senescing, but this did not occur when they fed on the other two species. Group size was important to larvae feeding on P. lanceolata (but not on either Castilleja species); they were more likely to survive from second to third instar, and developed to fourth instar faster, when they were members of larger sibling groups. Survival from third to fourth instar was higher than for previous stages, and was not related to any of the variables that were measured. These findings related to larval survival show the importance of assessing survival instar by instar, as well as the importance of measuring outcomes for early-instar caterpillars. Larval mass was unaffected by any of the variables that were measured. Contrary to expectations, environmental variables like slope, aspect, and vegetation structure had no discernable effects on mass or development rate of the larvae. However, larvae that reached fourth instar earlier spent much more time feeding before entering diapause, suggesting butterflies that fly earlier (whose larvae consequently develop earlier) could have higher reproductive success. Environmental variables in this study had no measurable direct effects on larvae, but they could still influence them by changing the quality of their host plants: senescence of C. levisecta was faster in dry microsites than mesic ones, indicating plants growing in mesic microsites could be more phenologically compatible with E. e. taylori. There were also strong differences in the amounts of iridoid glycosides larvae were able to sequester from their hosts. They sequestered the compounds aucubin and catalpol from P. lanceolata, and when they fed on either Castilleja species, they sequestered these two compounds plus two others, macfadienoside and (putatively) methyl shanzhiside. The overall amounts sequestered from C. levisecta were lower than for the other two species, and may be low enough to leave them undefended against predators. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).

Association of Air Pollution with Longitudinal Changes in Arterial Stiffness and Correlates of Longitudinal Change in Arterial Stiffness in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Hom, Elizabeth K University of Washington ProQuest Dissertations & 2017 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Background: Many studies have shown associations between particulate matter with diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), also called fine particulate air matter, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Improved understanding of the biological mechanisms linking air pollution to cardiovascular health effects is crucial to giving further support and justification for limiting air pollution. Arterial function measures, which measure arterial elasticity and stiffness, may be part of mechanisms linking air pollution and CVD events. Limited research has been done to examine how predictive a wide range of arterial stiffness measures is of CVD events in a single cohort. Few studies have examined determinants of longitudinal change in arterial stiffness. Objectives: The overall objective of this dissertation is to examine whether long-term air pollutant exposures impact cross-sectional measurements of arterial stiffness and longitudinal change in arterial function measures. We also investigated how short-term air pollutant exposures affect cross-sectional measurements of arterial function. We looked at how these arterial stiffness measures predict subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. In addition, the correlates of longitudinal change in arterial stiffness measures were also examined in order to better understand how these measures may be on the biological pathway connecting traditional cardiovascular risk factors and CVD events. Methods: First, we examined compared the predictive value of five measures of arterial function, both arterial stiffness and arterial elasticity, assessed at Exam 1 of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA study) (2000--2002) on the time to occurrence of the first coronary heart disease event (CHD) in the MESA study using Cox proportional hazards regression. To assess the ability of each arterial function measure to improve discrimination of events, we used receiver-operating characteristic curves and areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUC). The arterial function measures we used for this analysis included C1 and C2, which are measures of arterial elasticity obtained via radial tonometry, aortic distensibility (AD), which is a measure of arterial elasticity obtained via aortic MRI, and carotid distensibility (CD) and Young's modulus (YM) at the carotid artery, which are measures of arterial elasticity and arterial stiffness obtained via carotid ultrasound. Next, we investigated the association between traditional cardiovascular risk factors and longitudinal change in four arterial functional measures between Exam 1 (2000--2002) and Exam 5 (2010--2012) of the MESA study utilizing linear mixed models with a fixed slope and random intercepts. As sensitivity analyses, we also examined these relationships using simple linear regression models. Finally, we utilized linear mixed models to examine the association between long-term air pollution and cross-sectional measurements of arterial function, long-term air pollution and longitudinal change in arterial function measurements, and short-term pollution and cross-sectional measurements in arterial function measurements. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Air study (MESA Air) estimated the outdoor ambient individual concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) based on spatiotemporal air pollution exposure models. These models incorporated a wide range of geographic covariates and data from cohort-specific air pollution models. For short-term air pollution analyses, we utilized city-wide daily average fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from Air Quality System (AQS) monitors. These arterial function measures used to investigate the relationship of traditional cardiovascular risk factors with arterial function measures and the relationship between air pollution exposure with arterial function measures included Pressure Time Constant 1 (PTC1) and Pressure Time Constant 2 (PTC2), which are measures of arterial elasticity obtained via radial tonometry, and distensibility coefficient (DC) and Young's Elastic modulus (YEM) at the carotid artery, which are measures of arterial elasticity and arterial stiffness obtained via carotid ultrasound. PTC1 and PTC2, as well as DC and YEM, are calculated using slightly different formulas than C1 and C2, as well as CD and YM, respectively. Results: In our analysis of the predictive value of arterial function measured at baseline of the MESA study, we found that the hazard ratio of CHD event per standard-deviation higher value of arterial function was 0.97 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.86, 1.10) for C1, 0.73 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.86) for C2, 0.98 (95% CI: 0.86, 1.11) for carotid distensibility, 0.99 (95% CI: 0.90, 1.09) for Young's modulus, and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.74, 1.10) for aortic distensibility. C2 provided additional discrimination for the prediction of CHD (area under the curve = 0.736 vs. 0.743, p = 0.04). Arterial stiffness increased in all measures as anticipated over time, though different risk factors were associated with changes in specific arterial function measures: Being of male gender was associated with larger declines for PTC2. Higher heart rate was associated with smaller declines in PTC1. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).

Tracing Hybrid Collectives of Illness, War, and Medicine in Twentieth- and Twenty-First Century Narratives of Illness

Simons, Barbara J University of Washington ProQuest Dissertations & 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

"Varieties of warfare and war-related illnesses, mental and physical," is the red thread that organizes this dissertation. My study compares and contrasts illness narratives (fiction and non-fiction) from modernism and the early twentieth century with texts of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries to better understand the psychologies of war trauma and techniques of narration from opposite sides of the twentieth century. In narratives about traditional and nontraditional warfare, I analyze how the social is deconstructed by the powerful mediators of illness and death and has to be reassembled in new forms of social organization. By tracing real connections across realms of existence normally separated by fields of study, I analyze the connections between medicine, literature, and events related to war and its history. The compelling strength of this dissertation is the comparative breadth of its perspective. In Chapter 1, I juxtapose Virginia Woolf's modernist novel, Mrs. Dalloway, to Vera Brittain's personal memoir, Testament of Youth , to compare fictional and non-fictional narratives about the rich lifeworlds of war-related illness and suffering of World War I. As a Latourian scholar, my focus is on the varieties of hybrid actor networks among soldiers, civilians, and health care providers amidst the reorganization of society for modern war, with its calamitous effects on mental health and physical well-being. Based on my findings, I argue that shell shock was a human rebellion against the unlivable situation of modern industrial warfare. While "rebellious"---as is important to note---shell shock was often an ineffective and self-destructive escape into illness. For some individuals, shell shock precipitated a profound personal transformation in their quest for a new state of health. Indeed, the rebellion of shell shock opposed the official master narrative of modern industrialized warfare, according to which the medical diagnoses of "war neuroses" were not neutral scientific diagnoses, but medical instruments of the military system to discipline and treat soldiers in order to return them to the front. In Chapter 2, I study early twenty-first century nonfictional anthropological representations of the experiences of war and PTSD, Fields of Combat: Understanding PTSD among Veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan by Erin P. Finley and Breaking Ranks: Iraq Veterans Speak Out Against the War by Matthew Gutmann and Catherine Lutz, and one novel, Sparta, by Roxana Robinson. As a Latourian scholar, I distinguish the hybrid actor-networks that connect the two purist realms of medicine (objective; facts) and the self (subjective; the power of memory in the form of flashbacks). As I show, the contemporary diagnosis of PTSD (like the early twentieth century diagnoses of war neuroses) is founded on a rhetorical maneuver of purification that isolates mental trauma from the warfare that generates it; in short, PTSD is a disembodied, abstracted concept of the mind---an instance of a scientific artifact that Latour calls a "factish"---under the make-believe control of psychiatry. But real trauma produces hybrids connected to multiple sites that cannot be discounted as externalities. To counter the medical segregation of (mental) illness from politics, I trace the empirical connections in the actual "assemblages" between the psychological suffering of U.S. soldiers and their combat experiences to reconsider "PTSD" as a complex hybrid that proliferates in response to war and its structural violence. In Chapter 3, health and illness and the dying process are connected to nontraditional modes of warfare: In Blindness, when the population becomes white-blind, the government's internment of the white-blind in medical quarantines makes war on the contagious people, not the microbe. In Death with Interruptions, the suspension of death is an allegory about the (mis)application of the critical care technology developed in war medicine to the civilian world in the end-of-life care of the terminally ill. Both novels are anti-realist fables that defamiliarize disease and death as fantastic conditions that are inaccessible to the medical/clinical gaze. In Blindness, I argue that rather than serving the purpose of protecting the public health, the location of the quarantine for the white-blind in an abandoned mental asylum unmasks the real carceral nature of medical quarantine as a distant successor to Foucault's eighteenth century asylum for the insane. In Death with Interruptions, the deconstruction of traditional social life with the proliferation of the dying is narrated alongside the reinvention of the social among the dying and their families. In my allegorical reading, I argue there is a parallel between the novel's fantastic suspension of death and the ontological condition of prolonged dying on the life-support machines of modern medicine that reveals the hubris of epistemological assumptions about the human capacity to control time and space through technological knowledge. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).

Lost in Uptake Translation: Examining Genre Negotiations in Students' Writing Performances

Macklin, Mandy University of Washington ProQuest Dissertations & 2019 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

In this dissertation, I build on scholarship in Rhetorical Genre Theory (especially the concept of "genre uptake" as developed in speech act theory and expanded by rhetorical genre scholars to account for the interplays and trans-actions between genres) to trace students' uptake negotiations and translations in action, paying particular attention to the pathways drawn, managed, and constructed to make certain uptakes possible and not possible. By revealing what gets taken up and what gets sets aside or blocked (the uptake remainders), my dissertation research contributes to the development of pedagogical practices that can enrich understandings of genre uptake and performance so that students can make fuller use of writing resources within first-year composition. Examining uptakes in motion poses methodological challenges, especially since the linguistic, cultural, emotional and rhetorical variables involved are often metacognitive, dynamic, and fluid, as well as embodied, affective, and often invisible. Drawing on methods developed to study genre uptake, knowledge transfer, translingual and transmodal practices, and metacognition, my research examines two first-year writers' genre uptakes during an introductory "stretch" composition course designed for historically underrepresented students at a large public research university. To capture what gets lost or set aside in uptake, I collected a pre-quarter web survey, assignment prompts, course writing, student video diaries, class observations, teacher feedback, and teacher and student interviews. Additionally, I used technologies that animate students' writing processes in motion in order to better understand uptake at a micro-level.My dissertation findings reveal that-in making myriad dynamic and complex choices when writing or communicating-what gets taken up and left behind by students is made possible (or not), in part, by the pathways teachers and students perceive as available as well as the relations (physical, conceptual, cognitive, material, etc.) that hold these pathways together. The results of my study contribute to efforts already underway to account for students' existing rhetorical repertoires, lived experiences, and diverse meaning-making strategies in order to better support all student writers, including multilingual students and transnational literacies. More specifically, my findings highlight the range of possibilities available during uptake and the possible elements that might block uptake. I offer a new theoretical concept, "uptake remainder," as a way to describe what can get "lost" in uptake translation as students take up genres. The intervention that my project makes is both theoretical and methodological, offering an approach to studying micro-, meso-, and macro-level negotiations in uptake that operate under the surface. This dissertation has implications for multilingual writers who have more cultural and linguistic repertoires than we can often see. Beyond implications for multilingual learners, this dissertation also has implications for multimodal composition, transfer research, and translingualism.In Chapter I, I situate my dissertation in relation to Rhetorical Genre Studies (RGS), genre uptake, and composition studies and identify theoretical and methodological gaps to explain how my research will address these gaps. I also describe how genre uptake can be seen as a process of translation and negotiation while making a case for "uptake remainders." Studying uptakes (and remainders) poses methodological challenges, which I will describe in detail in Chapter II, which introduces a qualitative, mixed-method approach to studying uptake remainders and the methodological contributions I hope to make through my research. In Chapters III-V, I will address my research questions by reporting findings on the process in which uptake remainders are formed and the factors that cause them to manifest. In Chapter VI, the implications section, I suggest how my research findings can influence future research directions as well as practical implications for research and teaching more broadly.

Pulling Back the Veil: The Characterization and Habitability of Enshrouded Worlds

Arney, Giada Nicole University of Washington ProQuest Dissertations & 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This dissertation explores global atmospheric haze and cloud layers and shows that they are not impenetrable barriers to information about the lower atmosphere and surface environment of planets. In the first section of this dissertation, I discuss sub-cloud observations of the closest globally-enshrouded planet: Venus. Venus has near-infrared spectral windows observable on the planet's nightside that allow remote sensing of thermal radiation emanating from below the cloud and haze deck. We observed Venus with the Apache Point Observatory 3.5m telescope TripleSpec spectrograph (R = 3500, lambda=0.96--2.47 mum) on 1--3 March 2009 and on 25, 27, 30 November and 2--4 December 2010. With these observations and synthetic spectra generated with the Spectral Mapping and Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SMART) model, I produced the first simultaneous maps of cloud opacity, acid concentration, water vapor (H2O), hydrogen chloride (HCl), carbon dioxide (CO), carbonyl sulfide (OCS), and sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) abundances in the Venusian sub-cloud atmosphere. My study of hazy early Earth presents simulations of a habitable, yet dramatically different phase of Earth's history, when the atmosphere contained a Titan-like, organic-rich haze. Using coupled climate-photochemical-microphysical simulations, I demonstrate that hazes can cool the planet's surface by about 20 K, but habitable conditions with liquid surface water could be maintained with a relatively thick haze layer (tau~5 at 200 nm) even with the fainter young sun. I find that optically thicker hazes are self-limiting due to their self-shielding properties, preventing catastrophic cooling of the planet. Hazes may even enhance planetary habitability through UV shielding via their broad UV absorption signature, which can reduce surface UV flux by about 97% compared to a haze-free planet, and potentially allow for survival of land-based organisms at 2.6--2.7 billion years ago. To examine how organic haze may impact exoplanet habitability, I compared the production of fractal organic haze on Archean Earth-analog planets around several spectral types of stars: the sun at 2.7 billion years ago and at present day; the highly flaring M3.5V dwarf AD Leo; the M4V dwarf GJ 876; a modeled quiescent M dwarf; the K2V star epsilon Eridani; and the F2V star sigma Bootis. In my simulations, planets orbiting stars with the highest or lowest UV fluxes did not form haze. Low UV-stars are unable to drive the photochemistry needed for haze formation. High UV stars generate photochemical oxygen radicals that halt the buildup of this haze. Hazes can impact planetary habitability via UV shielding and surface cooling, but this cooling seems unimportant for hazy M dwarf planets because the bulk of the M dwarf spectral energy arrives at longer infrared wavelengths where organic hazes are relatively transparent. I simulated hazy planet spectra for these exoplanet-analogs in reflected light, thermal emission, and transit transmission and found that the spectral features of organic hazes should be detectable with future telescopes. For 10 transits of a hypothetical Archean-analog planet orbiting GJ 876 observed by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) over 0.8--14 mum, haze, methane and carbon dioxide are detectable assuming photon-limited noise levels. For direct imaging of a planet at 10 pc using a coronagraphic 10-meter class ultraviolet-visible-near infrared telescope, a shortwave haze absorption feature would be strongly detectable at >12 sigma in 200 hours. The impact of haze on planetary habitability and spectra are crucial to consider for future characterization of terrestrial exoplanets. Haze in the Archean could even have impacted the evolution of photosynthetic pigments because the spectrum of light reaching the planet's surface would have been reddened. I explore the consequences of this and show the spectrum of photons at the Earth's surface beneath a haze. In addition to haze, other types of UV shields would have been present in the Archean. I present spectra at several depths under water with and without dissolved Fe(II), a UV shielding compound that may have been in the Archean oceans. UV-tolerant phototrophs like Chloroflexus aurantiacus could have received a survivable level of UV irradiance under a haze and 10 cm of water containing 5 ppm dissolved Fe(II). Such organisms may have been protected even directly at the planet's surface. There are other ways that an Archean haze the evolving biosphere were connected. Any haze in Archean Earth's atmosphere would have been strongly dependent on biologically-produced methane, and hydrocarbon haze may be a novel type of spectral biosignature on planets with substantial levels of CO2. On planets with high levels of biogenic organic sulfur gases, photochemistry involving these gases can drive haze formation at lower CH 4/CO2 ratios than methane photochemistry alone, providing another means to argue for biological activity on a haze-rich planet. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).