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False Reassurance Based on Non-Significant Results
Douglas G. Altman 대한소화기내시경학회 2017 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.50 No.6
Letters to the Editor
레이저가 조사된 아세틸렌에서의 임계전이를 거쳐서 형성된 쉘 형상 카본 나노입자에 관한 연구
최만수(Mansoo Choi),Igor S.Altman(Igor S. Altman),김영정(Young-Jeong Kim),Peter V.Pikhitsa(Peter V. Pikhitsa),이상훈(Sanghoon Lee) 대한기계학회 2004 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2004 No.11
Shell shaped hollow carbon nanoparticles are synthesized in the oxygen-hydrogen diffusion flame with C₂H₂ as precursor when it is irradiated with CO₂ laser of certain power. Below this power of laser, we couldn’t get any other but amorphous soot. This shell shaped hollow carbon nanoparticles shows outer wall of high degree of crystallinity with void space inside of itself. And size distribution of these nanoparticles is measured with TEM image analysis. Also the structural comparison between this carbon nanoparticle and soot is done by Raman and XRD measurement. These results show this carbon nanoparticles are of grapheme structure, which means it has good crystallinity when compared with soot.
Design of thermophoretic probe for precise particle sampling
Lee, Jeonghoon,Altman, Igor,Choi, Mansoo Elsevier 2008 Journal of aerosol science Vol.39 No.5
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>We proposed a design methodology for improved thermophoretic probes that can sample particles with high spatial resolution. A bending vibration analysis for the instantaneous motion of a probe has been done together with direct observation of the probe motion and flow disturbance for systematic study of the effect of different designs on particle sampling. Direct observation of the motion of thermophoretic sampling probes revealed that the probe with a low stiffness would result in inaccurate particle sampling. Based on these, the thermophoretic sampling probe was modified to minimize probe vibration and flow disturbance and this modified design was confirmed to sample particles with higher spatial resolution than the original one by examining transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of particles collected in a flame.</P>
Extending TextAE for annotation of non-contiguous entities
Lever, Jake,Altman, Russ,Kim, Jin-Dong Korea Genome Organization 2020 Genomics & informatics Vol.18 No.2
Named entity recognition tools are used to identify mentions of biomedical entities in free text and are essential components of high-quality information retrieval and extraction systems. Without good entity recognition, methods will mislabel searched text and will miss important information or identify spurious text that will frustrate users. Most tools do not capture non-contiguous entities which are separate spans of text that together refer to an entity, e.g., the entity "type 1 diabetes" in the phrase "type 1 and type 2 diabetes." This type is commonly found in biomedical texts, especially in lists, where multiple biomedical entities are named in shortened form to avoid repeating words. Most text annotation systems, that enable users to view and edit entity annotations, do not support non-contiguous entities. Therefore, experts cannot even visualize non-contiguous entities, let alone annotate them to build valuable datasets for machine learning methods. To combat this problem and as part of the BLAH6 hackathon, we extended the TextAE platform to allow visualization and annotation of non-contiguous entities. This enables users to add new subspans to existing entities by selecting additional text. We integrate this new functionality with TextAE's existing editing functionality to allow easy changes to entity annotation and editing of relation annotations involving non-contiguous entities, with importing and exporting to the PubAnnotation format. Finally, we roughly quantify the problem across the entire accessible biomedical literature to highlight that there are a substantial number of non-contiguous entities that appear in lists that would be missed by most text mining systems.
Inhibition of Herpes Simplex Viruses, Types 1 and 2, by Ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3
Stephen M. Wright,Elliot Altman 한국미생물·생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.1
Infections by herpes simplex viruses have an immense impact on humans, ranging from selflimiting, benign illness to serious, life-threatening diseases. While nucleoside analog drugs are available, resistance has been increasing and currently no vaccine exists. Ginsenosides derived from Panax ginseng have been documented to inhibit several viruses and bolster immune defenses. This study evaluated 12 of the most relevant ginsenosides from P. ginseng for toxicities and inhibition of herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 in Vero cells. The effects of test compounds and virus infection were determined using a PrestoBlue cell viability assay. Time course studies were also conducted to better understand at what points the virus life cycle was affected. Non-toxic concentrations of the ginsenosides were determined and ranged from 12.5 μM to greater than 100 μM. Ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3 demonstrated the greatest inhibitory effect and was active against both HSV-1 and HSV-2 with an IC50 of approximately 35 μM. The most dramatic inhibition—over 100% compared to controls—occurred when the virus was exposed to 20(S)-Rg3 for 4 h prior to being added to cells. 20(S)-Rg3 holds promise as a potential chemotherapeutic agent against herpes simplex viruses and, when used together with valacyclovir, may prevent increased resistance to drugs.
양상선(Sangsun Yang),이고르 알트만(Igor S. Altman),피터 피키차(Peter V. Pikhitsa),최만수(Mansoo Choi) 대한기계학회 2004 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2004 No.11
Size and crystalline phase changes of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles formed in a H₂/O₂ flame have been investigated. At flame temperatures below 1350°C, the mean particle size increased monotonously with the distance from the burner edge; but in high-temperature flames above 1650°C, it suddenly decreased from 20 nm to ~3 nm with the distance from the burner edge. The results of X-ray diffraction and HRTEM showed that this sudden reduction of the size of nanoparticles was accompanied by a partial phase transformation from γ-Fe₂O₃ into α-Fe₂O₃. We suggest the structural instability due to γ-to α-phase transformation as a mechanism for a rapid fragmentation of 20 nm particles into 3 nm ones.
Effect of Bilateral Internal Mammary Artery Grafts on Long-Term Survival : A Meta-Analysis Approach
Yi, Gijong,Shine, Brian,Rehman, Syed M.,Altman, Douglas G.,Taggart, David P. American Heart Association 2014 Circulation Vol.130 No.7
<P><B>Background—</B></P><P>Although the potential survival benefit of bilateral internal mammary artery (BIMA) grafting in comparison with single internal mammary artery (SIMA) grafting has been emphasized by many investigators, the use of BIMA is still low in clinical practice in the absence of randomized trials and long-term results. In the current study, we aimed to assess if there is a long-term survival benefit of BIMA up to 10 years after coronary bypass surgery.</P><P><B>Methods and Results—</B></P><P>We selected published articles comparing survival between SIMA and BIMA patients with follow-up duration of more than a mean of 9 years. We evaluated the log hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval for included studies by using a random-effects meta-analysis. Nine eligible observational studies provided 15 583 patients (8270 SIMA and 7313 BIMA) for meta-analysis. Five studies used propensity score methods for statistical adjustment, 2 with a propensity score–based patient-matching method and 3 with quintile-based stratification. A significant reduction in mortality by using BIMA was observed (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.75–0.84); no study showed any significantly harmful effect of BIMA on survival. Subgroups of studies using different statistical approaches—unmatched, quintile-based propensity score analysis, and propensity score–based exact patient matching—all showed the survival benefit of BIMA grafting.</P><P><B>Conclusions—</B></P><P>BIMA grafting appears to have better survival with up to 10 years follow-up in comparison with SIMA grafting. Long-term survival benefit of BIMA seems to continue in the second decade after surgery. An ongoing randomized trial comparing SIMA and BIMA groups will add evidence on this issue.</P>