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Probing Enzymatic Activity inside Living Cells Using a Nanowire–Cell “Sandwich” Assay
Na, Yu-Ran,Kim, So Yeon,Gaublomme, Jellert T.,Shalek, Alex K.,Jorgolli, Marsela,Park, Hongkun,Yang, Eun Gyeong American Chemical Society 2013 Nano letters Vol.13 No.1
<P>Developing a detailed understanding of enzyme function in the context of an intracellular signal transduction pathway requires minimally invasive methods for probing enzyme activity <I>in situ</I>. Here, we describe a new method for monitoring enzyme activity in living cells by sandwiching live cells between two vertical silicon nanowire (NW) arrays. Specifically, we use the first NW array to immobilize the cells and then present enzymatic substrates intracellularly via the second NW array by utilizing the NWs’ ability to penetrate cellular membranes without affecting cells’ viability or function. This strategy, when coupled with fluorescence microscopy and mass spectrometry, enables intracellular examination of protease, phosphatase, and protein kinase activities, demonstrating the assay’s potential in uncovering the physiological roles of various enzymes.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2013/nalefd.2013.13.issue-1/nl3037068/production/images/medium/nl-2012-037068_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl3037068'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
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Wafer-scale arrays of epitaxial ferroelectric nanodiscs and nanorings
Han, Hee,Ji, Ran,Park, Yong Jun,Lee, Sung Kyun,Rhun, Gwenael Le,Alexe, Marin,Nielsch, Kornelius,Hesse, Dietrich,Gö,sele, Ulrich,Baik, Sunggi IOP Pub 2009 Nanotechnology Vol.20 No.1
<P>Wafer-scale arrays of well-ordered Pb(Zr<SUB>0.2</SUB>Ti<SUB>0.8</SUB>)O<SUB>3</SUB> nanodiscs and nanorings were fabricated on the entire area (10 mm × 10 mm) of the SrRuO<SUB>3</SUB> bottom electrode on an SrTiO<SUB>3</SUB> single-crystal substrate using the laser interference lithography (LIL) process combined with pulsed laser deposition. The shape and size of the nanostructures were controlled by the amount of PZT deposited through the patterned holes and the temperature of the post-crystallization steps. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy confirmed that (001)-oriented PZT nanostructures were grown epitaxially on the SrRuO<SUB>3</SUB>(001) bottom electrode layer covering the (001)-oriented single-crystal substrate. The domain structures of PZT nano-islands were characterized by reciprocal space mapping using synchrotron x-ray radiation. Ferroelectric properties of each PZT nanostructure were characterized by scanning force microscopy in the piezoresponse mode.</P>
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문석우,Ivo D. Dinov,Alen Zamanyan,Ran Shi,Alex Genco,Sam Hobel,Paul M. Thompson,Arthur W. Toga,Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 대한신경정신의학회 2015 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.12 No.1
ObjectiveaaThis article investigates subjects aged 55 to 65 from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database to broaden our understanding of early-onset (EO) cognitive impairment using neuroimaging and genetics biomarkers. MethodsaaNine of the subjects had EO-AD (Alzheimer’s disease) and 27 had EO-MCI (mild cognitive impairment). The 15 most important neuroimaging markers were extracted with the Global Shape Analysis (GSA) Pipeline workflow. The 20 most significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were chosen and were associated with specific neuroimaging biomarkers. ResultsaaWe identified associations between the neuroimaging phenotypes and genotypes for a total of 36 subjects. Our results for all the subjects taken together showed the most significant associations between rs7718456 and L_hippocampus (volume), and between rs7718456 and R_hippocampus (volume). For the 27 MCI subjects, we found the most significant associations between rs6446443 and R_superior_frontal_gyrus (volume), and between rs17029131 and L_Precuneus (volume). For the nine AD subjects, we found the most significant associations between rs16964473 and L_rectus gyrus (surface area), and between rs12972537 and L_rectus_gyrus (surface area). ConclusionaaWe observed significant correlations between the SNPs and the neuroimaging phenotypes in the 36 EO subjects in terms of neuroimaging genetics. However, larger sample sizes are needed to ensure that the effects will be detectable for a reasonable false-positive error rate using the GSA and Plink Pipeline workflows.
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Da Li,Ikjae Lee,Cong Yi,Wei Gao,Chunhui Song,Shenglei Fu,Moohyun Kim,Alex Ran,Tuanjie Liu Techno-Press 2023 Ocean systems engineering Vol.13 No.3
The global performance of a 15 MW floating offshore wind turbine, a newly designed semisubmersible floating foundation with multiple heave plates by CNOOC, is investigated with two independent turbine-floater-mooring coupled dynamic analysis programs CHARM3D-FAST and OrcaFlex. The semisubmersible platform hosts IEA 15 MW reference wind turbine modulated for VolturnUS-S and hybrid type (chain-wire-chain with clumps) 3×2 mooring lines targeting the water depth of 100 m. The numerical free-decay simulation results are compared with physical experiments with 1:64 scaled model in 3D wave basin, from which appropriate drag coefficients for heave plates were estimated. The tuned numerical simulation tools were then used for the feasibility and global performance analysis of the FOWT considering the 50-yr-storm condition and maximum operational condition. The effect of tower flexibility was investigated by comparing tower-base fore-aft bending moment and nacelle translational accelerations. It is found that the tower-base bending moment and nacelle accelerations can be appreciably increased due to the tower flexibility.
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