Translation and Cultural Equivalence: A Study of Translation Losses in Arabic Literary Texts

Hanada Al-Masri 세종대학교 언어연구소 2009 Journal of Universal Language Vol.10 No.1

This article focuses on cultural translation, especially addressing the issue of cultural inequivalences or losses occurring in the translation of Arabic literary texts. The aim of this study is to investigate the translation strategies that led to cultural losses and to emphasize the important role of the translator as a cultural insider. The corpus is based on a collection of Arabic short stories written by Youssef Idris (1991). In order to illustrate cultural aspects in literature, we analyze figurative language (metaphors, idiomatic expressions, proverbs) in two texts: Arabic (the source text) and English (the target text). We argue that figurative language and cultural terms are unfamiliar and so are marked to the target reader on the grounds of the unmarked and should be looked at from the perspective of a cultural insider. The data is analyzed within Pike’s (1954) etic-emic approach to translation. The analysis has shown that translation of the source text was communicatively successful. However, it failed to represent the culture-bound and emotionally charged words which represent the implicit/emic level of the source text. The translator has failed to complete the cycle of etic-emic-etic, and so remained an outsider to both the source and target texts. The study concludes with the implication that a translator has to assume the role of a cultural insider for both texts in order to render a culturally more faithful translation.

The status of clinical trials regarding root canal sealers

Malak Ahmad AL,Masri Yasmina EL,Al Ziab Mira,Zrara Nancy,Baroud Tarek,Salameh Pascale 대한치과보존학회 2024 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.49 No.1

Objectives This study aimed to present the results and analyses of clinical trials, including updates on the different functions of root canal sealers. Materials and Methods In June 2023, we performed a comprehensive search of ClinicalTrials.gov to identify interventional clinical trials pertaining to root canal sealers. In total, 23 clinical trials conducted up to June 2023 were included in this study. Results Approximately half of the trials (11 out of 23) were completed, while none were terminated or withdrawn. Each included trial had a minimum of 10 participants, with 11 trials having more than 100 participants. None of the assessed trials provided outcomes, and the majority (17 out of 23) lacked associated publications. In terms of geographic distribution, the USA and Canada did not contribute to any root canal sealer trials. Conclusions This study highlights the lack of diversity in trial locations, the absence of reported results, and a scarcity of clinical trials examining the physicochemical properties of different sealers. Most published trials primarily focused on assessing the post-operative pain effect of these sealers, but no significant difference was found regarding post-operative pain control. Objectives This study aimed to present the results and analyses of clinical trials, including updates on the different functions of root canal sealers. Materials and Methods In June 2023, we performed a comprehensive search of ClinicalTrials.gov to identify interventional clinical trials pertaining to root canal sealers. In total, 23 clinical trials conducted up to June 2023 were included in this study. Results Approximately half of the trials (11 out of 23) were completed, while none were terminated or withdrawn. Each included trial had a minimum of 10 participants, with 11 trials having more than 100 participants. None of the assessed trials provided outcomes, and the majority (17 out of 23) lacked associated publications. In terms of geographic distribution, the USA and Canada did not contribute to any root canal sealer trials. Conclusions This study highlights the lack of diversity in trial locations, the absence of reported results, and a scarcity of clinical trials examining the physicochemical properties of different sealers. Most published trials primarily focused on assessing the post-operative pain effect of these sealers, but no significant difference was found regarding post-operative pain control.

Assessment of the antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activities of Moluccella spinosa, Helichrysum sanguineum, and Styrax officinalis folkloric medicinal plants from Palestine

Nidal Jaradat,Motasem Al‑Masri,Abdel Naser Zaid,Fatima Hussein,Khalid Ahmad Shadid,Fuad Al‑Rimawi,Khaled Shayeb,Afnan Sbeih,Alia Eid 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2018 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.18 No.2

The emergence of pathogenic microbes with increased resistance to established antibiotics provides a major incentive for the discovery of new antimicrobial agents. Herbals may provide valuable solutions for this global problem. In addition, the replacement of harmful synthetic antioxidants with natural ones may prevent various serious diseases. The present investigation describes for the first time the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the aqueous and organic extracts of Helichrysum sanguineum, Moluccella spinosa and Styrax officinalis plants aerial parts. The free radical scavenging activity was estimated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method, while the antimicrobial activity was evaluated against selected microbial strains from American Type Culture Collection and clinical isolates such as Shigella sonnie, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcuss feacium, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Epidermophyton floccosum and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using minimum inhibitory concentration assay. A mixture of phytochemical compounds was found in all of the studied plants extracts which also showed remarkable potentials of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The current study provides initial data that justify the use and importance of these plants in the Palestinian traditional medicine. In addition, it provides evidence that the aqueous and organic extracts of H. sanguineum, M. spinosa and S. officinalis exhibited interesting antioxidant activity comparing with Trolox. Furthermore, the organic extract of H. sanguineum strongly exhibited bacterial growth of S. aureus, E. faecium and MRSA which suggested to be used as antibiotic alternative or as sufficient natural food preservative.

Acceptance Sampling Plans in the Rayleigh Model

Baklizi Ayman,El-Masri Abedel-Qader,AL-Nasser Amjad The Korean Statistical Society 2005 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.12 No.1

Assume that the life times of the units under test follow the Rayleigh distribution and the test is terminated at a pre assigned time. Acceptance sampling plans are developed for this situation. The minimum sample size necessary to ensure the specified average life are obtained and the operating characteristic values of the sampling plans and producer's risk are given. An example is given to illustrate the methodology.

High-Performance Implementation of Power Components on FPGA Platform

Jarrah Amin,Haymoor Zaid Sari,Al-Masri Hussein M. K.,Almomany Abedalmuhdi 대한전기학회 2022 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.17 No.3

Recently, the utility electric grid has been facing many problems in power quality because of using power electronic devices for controlling most of the Alternating Current and Direct Current loads. Solving the issue of reactive power at the end-user side became more challenging because of the sudden changes in loads considering harmonics. This leads to many reactive power compensation system failures due to the use of mechanical switching mechanisms which became useless in front of those sudden changes because of harmonics. In this paper, a solution is proposed to solve the aforementioned constraints. Moreover, a high-speed computation platform or fi eld programmable gate array (FPGA) is used to measure and calculate voltages, currents, harmonic components, total harmonic distortion, active and reactive electrical power depending on distortion and displacement factors. The Xilinx Vivado high-level synthesis tool is used to implement the created design on the targeted FPGA device. The proposed approach can be used to determine the required design specifi cation of the hardware that is suitable for real-time applications of any electric power analyzer that uses FPGA boards along with the proposed optimization algorithms. Experimental results validate the advantages of the proposed optimizing approach with approximately up to 15 folds of improvements when it is compared to a regular non-optimized design.

Lack of Association between CYP1A1 M2 and M4 Polymorphisms and Breast Carcinoma in Jordanian Women: a Case-Control Study

Amrani, Iman,Bulatova, Nailya,Awidi, Abdalla,Yousef, Al-Motassem,Melhem, Jamal Masad,Al-Masri, Mahmoud,Tahoun, Laila Abu Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.1

Background: CYP1A1 is a candidate gene for low-penetrance breast cancer susceptibility, as it plays an important role in the metabolism of carcinogens and estrogens. Purpose: The objective of this study was to assess the association between M2 (A2455G, Ile462Val) and M4 (C2453A, Thr461Asn) polymorphisms in CYP1A1 and breast cancer risk among Jordanian women and in subgroups stratified by menopausal status and smoking history. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 112 breast cancer female patients and 115 age-matched controls who underwent breast cancer screening with imaging and showed negative results (BI-RADS I or BI-RADS II). Genotyping was performed using the PCR-RFLP technique. Results: No statistically significant overall association was found between breast cancer risk and CYP1A1 M2 genotypes (p= 0.55; OR = 0.77; 95% CI= 0.32 - 1.83) nor with the M4 polymorphism (p= 0.95; OR= 0.95; 95% CI= 0.51 - 1.88). Analysis of subgroups defined by menopausal status or smoking history also revealed no association with these polymorphisms. Furthermore, the four identified haplotypes (AC; AA; GC and GA) were equally distributed among cases and controls, and haplotype analysis showed a strong linkage disequilibrium of both studied loci in either cases or controls (D'=1). Conclusions: Based on the study results, CYP1A1 M2 and M4 polymorphisms do not seem to play a major role in breast cancer risk among Jordanian females.

Graphene oxide-silver nanosheet-incorporated polyamide thin-film composite membranes for antifouling and antibacterial action against Escherichia coli and bovine serum albumin

Fekri Abdulraqeb Ahmed Ali,Javed Alam,Arun Kumar Shukla,Mansour Alhoshan,Jamal M. Khaled,Waheed A. Al-Masry,Naiyaf S. Alharbi,Manawwer Alam 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.80 No.-

Biofouling leads to degradation of membrane performance characteristics, including permeability,selectivity, and long-term stability. In this study, silver-doped graphene oxide (GO) was employed as ananoadditive to enhance the biofouling resistance of thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes viainterfacial polymerization. Ag functionalization on GO sheets was carried out by a reduction reaction. Electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses were conducted to evaluate Agattachment on GO. According to zeta potential and contact angle measurements as well as atomic forcemicroscopy results, GO-Ag-incorporated TFN membranes showed a high negative charge, hydrophilicity,and a smooth surface. Bovine serum albumin protein and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were used as modelfouling agents to demonstrate the antifouling characteristics of the membranes. The TFN membranecontaining 80 ppm of GO-Ag had a high waterflux recovery ratio (89%) and low irreversible resistance(10%) after hydraulic washing. The biofouling resistance of the membranes was further studied by acolony-counting method, while bacterial adhesion was analyzed by spinning disk confocal microscopeimaging. The TFN membrane prepared with 80 ppm GO-Ag reduced 86% of viable E. coli cells in bacterialsuspensions, with only slight bacterial adherence on the membrane surface.