Colitis and Crohn’s Foundation (India): a first nationwide inflammatory bowel disease registry

( Ajit Sood ),( Kirandeep Kaur ),( Ramit Mahajan ),( Vandana Midha ),( Arshdeep Singh ),( Sarit Sharma ),( Amarender Singh Puri ),( Bhabhadev Goswami ),( Devendra Desai ),( C. Ganesh Pai ),( Kiran Ped 대한장연구학회 2021 Intestinal Research Vol.19 No.2

Background/Aims: The national registry for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was designed to study epidemiology and prescribing pattern of treatment of IBD in India. Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional, prospective registry was established across four geographical zones of India. Adult patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD) were enrolled between January 2014 and December 2015. Information related to demographics; disease features; complications; and treatment history were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 3,863 patients (mean age, 36.7±13.6 years; 3,232 UC [83.7%] and 631 CD [16.3%]) were enrolled. The majority of patients with UC (n=1,870, 57.9%) were from north, CD was more common in south (n=348, 55.5%). The UC:CD ratio was 5.1:1. There was a male predominance (male:female=1.6:1). The commonest presentation of UC was moderately severe (n=1,939, 60%) and E2 disease (n=1,895, 58.6%). Patients with CD most commonly presented with ileocolonic (n=229, 36.3%) inflammatory (n=504, 79.9%) disease. Extraintestinal manifestations were recorded among 13% and 20% of patients in UC and CD respectively. Less than 1% patients from both cohorts developed colon cancer (n=26, 0.7%). The commonly used drugs were 5-aminosalicylates (99%) in both UC and CD followed by azathioprine (34.4%). Biologics were used in only 1.5% of patients; more commonly for UC in north and CD in south. Conclusions: The national IBD registry brings out diversities in the 4 geographical zones of India. This will help in aiding research on IBD and improving quality of patient care. (Intest Res 2021;19:206-216)

Cloud Databases for the Internet of Things

Ajit Singh 한국디지털융합학회 2021 IJICTDC Vol.6 No.2

The vision of the future Internet of Things is posing new challenges and opportunities for data management and analysis technology. Gigabytes of data are generated everyday by millions of sensors, actuators, RFID tags, and other devices. As the volume of data is growing dramatically, so is the demand for performance enhancement. When it comes to this Big Data problem, much attention has been paid to cloud computing and virtualization for their unlimited resource capacity, exible resource allocation and management, and distributed processing ability that promise high scalability and availability. On the other hand, the types and nature of data are getting more and more various. Data can come in any format, structured or unstructured, ranging from text and number to audio, picture, or even video. Data are generated, stored, and transferred across multiple nodes. Data can be updated and queried in real time or on demand. Hence, the traditional and dominant relational database systems have been questioned whether they can still be the best choice for current systems with all the new requirements. It has been realized that the emphasis on data consistency and the constraint of using relational data model cannot well with the variety of modern data and their distributed trend. This led to the emergence of NoSQL databases with their support for a schema-less data model and horizontal scaling on clusters of nodes. NoSQL databases have gained much attention from the community and are increasingly considered as a viable alternative to traditional databases.

Trends of inflammatory bowel disease at a tertiary care center in northern India

( Ajit Sood ),( Kirandeep Kaur ),( Arshdeep Singh ),( Vandana Midha ),( Ramit Mahajan ),( Namita Bansal ),( Varun Mehta ),( Dharmatma Singh ) 대한장연구학회 2021 Intestinal Research Vol.19 No.3

Background/Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), is increasingly being reported from India and other Asian countries. This study looks into the changing trends of IBD at a tertiary care center in north India over last two decades. Methods: Retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of patients diagnosed with IBD between January 1991 and December 2015 was conducted. The study period was divided into five times cohorts (1991-1995, 1996-2000, 2001-2005, 2006-2010, 2011-2015). Results: During the study period, 2,467 patients (UC [n=2,137, 86.6%], CD [n=330, 13.3%], mean age 38.5±13.3 years; 55.9% males) were registered. The proportion of patients with CD increased (ratio of UC to CD declined from 15.7:1 to 4:1). The mean age at diagnosis decreased for UC (45.7±12.1 years in 1991-1995 vs. 37.6±13.0 years in 2011-2015; P=0.001) and remained consistent for CD (41.3±13.6 years in 1996-2000 vs. 41.3±16.9 years in 2011-2015, P=0.86). Patients with proctitis in UC and isolated ileal disease in CD increased over the study period (P=0.001 and P=0.007, respectively). Inflammatory CD increased (P=0.009) whereas stricturing CD decreased (P=0.01) across all cohorts. There was a trend towards less severe presentation of both UC and CD. The use of thiopurines (P=0.02) and biologics increased (P=0.001) with no significant change in trends for requirements of surgery (P=0.9). Conclusions: Increasing prevalence of CD, younger age at diagnosis, diagnosis at an earlier and milder stage, greater use of thiopurines and biologics were observed. (Intest Res 2021;19:282-290)

Data Lakes for Big Data and its Role in Current ICT

Ajit Singh,Sultan Ahmad,Gouse Pasha Mohammed 한국디지털융합학회 2021 IJICTDC Vol.6 No.1

This exploratory research of data lakes in big data times is a prominent topic for both academia and industry. One of the main motivations behind is that companies need to cope with more data than ever before, and the problems of how to analyze even how to store data are becoming more and more challenging in many industries. The occurrence of the concept of a data lake to meet such big data problems is enlightening and will most likely be considered in any relevant big data strategy. This review paper presents a summary of some popular data lake concepts at present, followed by its advantages, potential risks and criticism from some professionals as well. Additionally, a general process in a data lake is described.

Corporate Governance, the Big Business Groups and the G-7 Reform Agenda: A Critical Analysis

Ajit Singh 서울대학교 경제연구소 2002 Seoul journal of economics Vol.15 No.2

Corporate governance has become an important issue of international significance since the Asian crisis of 1997-8. It forms a key part of the reform agenda of G-7 countries in their plans to institute a New International Financial Architecture to forestall future crises. This paper provides the essential background to G-7 proposals on corporate governance as the economic rationale for these proposals as suggested in the recent research on Law and Finance. The paper outlines the differences between corporate governance patterns among developed and developing countries; it also examines the relationship between corporate finance. the stock market and corporate governance in the form of crony capitalism does not explain the Asian crisis and that the Anglo-Saxon model of corporate economy and. indeed. for developing countries it is far from being the best way. This model's reliance on the stock market and consequently on that market's pricing process and takeover mechanism creates perverse incentives that can undermine long-term growth by accentuating the influence of short-term considerations. The last part of the paper addresses one of the key areas of controversy: the efficiency and viability of large conglomerate organisations in developing countries. In that context, particular attention is given to Korean business groups and to the international financial institutions' reform programme for these groups. The paper provides a critical review of these proposals.

Efficacy of fecal microbiota therapy in steroid dependent ulcerative colitis: a real world intention-to-treat analysis

( Ajit Sood ),( Ramit Mahajan ),( Garima Juyal ),( Vandana Midha ),( Charanpreet Singh Grewal ),( Varun Mehta ),( Arshdeep Singh ),( Mohan C Joshi ),( Vikram Narang ),( Kirandeep Kaur ),( Hasrat Sidhu 대한장연구학회 2019 Intestinal Research Vol.17 No.1

Background/Aims: Four high-quality randomized controlled trials have proven the efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in active ulcerative colitis (UC). We assessed the efficacy of FMT in a real-world setting involving steroid-dependent patients with UC. Methods: This was a single-center prospective analysis of data from steroid-dependent patients with UC treated with FMT from September 2015 to September 2017 at the Dayanand Medical College, a tertiary care center in India. Fecal samples from random unrelated donors were administered through colonoscopy at weeks 0, 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, and 22. The primary outcome was achievement of steroid-free clinical remission, and the secondary outcomes were clinical response and endoscopic remission at 24 weeks. Modified intention-to-treat analysis was performed, which included subjects who underwent at least 1 FMT. Results: Of 345 patients with UC treated during the study period, 49 (14.2%) had steroid-dependent UC. Of these 49 patients, 41 underwent FMT: 33 completed 7 sessions over 22 weeks according to the protocol, and 8 discontinued treatment (non-response, 5; lost to follow-up, 2; and fear of adverse effects, 1). At week 24, steroid-free clinical remission was achieved in 19 out of 41 (46.3%) patients, whereas clinical response and endoscopic remission were achieved in 31 out of 41 (75.6%) and 26 out of 41 (63.4%) patients, respectively. All patients with clinical response were able to withdraw steroids. There were no serious adverse events necessitating discontinuation. Conclusions: A multisession FMT via the colonoscopic route is a promising therapeutic option for patients with steroid-dependent UC, as it can induce clinical remission and aid in steroid withdrawal. (Intest Res 2019;17:78-86)

Purification and Characterization of a Lectin from Arisaema tortuosum SchottHaving in-vitro Anticancer Activity against Human Cancer Cell Lines

Sukhdev Singh Kamboj,Vikram Dhuna,Jagmohan Singh Bains,Jatinder Singh,Shanmugavel,Ajit Kumar Saxena 한국생화학분자생물학회 2005 BMB Reports Vol.38 No.5

Furfural: Hemicellulose/xylosederived biochemical

Mamman, Ajit Singh,Lee, Jong-Min,Kim, Yeong-Cheol,Hwang, In Taek,Park, No-Joong,Hwang, Young Kyu,Chang, Jong-San,Hwang, Jin-Soo Wiley (John WileySons) 2008 Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining Vol.2 No.5

A Tuber Lectin from Arisaema jacquemontii Blume with Anti-insect and Anti-proliferative Properties

Kaur, Manpreet,Singh, Kuljinder,Rup, Pushpinder Jai,Kamboj, Sukhdev Singh,Saxena, Ajit Kumar,Sharma, Madhunika,Bhagat, Madhulika,Sood, Sarvesh Kumar,Singh, Jatinder Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2006 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.39 No.4

A tuber lectin from Arisaema jacquemontii Blume belonging to family Araceae was purified by employing a single step affinity chromatography using column of asialofetuin-linked amino activated silica beads and the bound lectin was eluted with 100 mM glycine-HCl buffer pH 2.5. The purified A. jacquemontii lectin (AJL) showed a single protein band with an apparent molecular mass of 13.4 kDa when submitted to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing as well as non-reducing conditions. The native molecular mass of AJL determined by gel filtration on a Biogel P-200 column was 52 kDa and its carbohydrate content was estimated to be 3.40%. Thus AJL is a tetrameric glycoprotein. The purified lectin agglutinated erythrocytes from rabbit but not from human. Its activity was not inhibited by any of the mono- and disaccharides tested except N-acetyl-D-lactosamine having minimal inhibitory sugar concentration (MIC) 25 mM. Among the glycoproteins tested only asialofetuin was found to be inhibitory (MIC $125\;{\mu}g/mL$). A single band was obtained in native PAGE at pH 4.5 while PAGE at pH 8.3 showed two bands. Isoelectric focusing of AJL gave multiple bands in the pI range of 4.6-5.5. When incorporated in artificial diet AJL significantly affected the development of Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) larvae indicating the possibility of using this lectin in a biotechnological strategy for insect management of cucurbits. Larvae fed on artificial diet containing sub-lethal dose of AJL showed a significant decrease in acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity while esterase activity markedly increased as compared to larvae fed on diet without lectin. Out of various human cancer cell lines employed in sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assay, this lectin was found to have appreciable inhibitory effect on the in vitro proliferation of HCT-15, HOP-62, SW-620, HT-29, IMR-32, SKOV-3, Colo-205, PC-3, HEP-2 and A-549 cancer cell lines by 82, 77, 73, 70, 41, 41, 37, 29, 21 and 21% respectively.

A Tuber Lectin from Arisaema jacquemontii Blume with Anti-insect and Anti-proliferative Properties

( Manpreet Kaur ),( Kuljinder Singh ),( Pushpinder Jai Rup ),( Sukhdev Singh Kamboj ),( Ajit Kumar Saxena ),( Madhunika Sharma ),( Madhulika Bhagat ),( Sarvesh Kumar Sood ),( Jatinder Singh ) 생화학분자생물학회 2006 BMB Reports Vol.39 No.4