Hydrogen Peroxide Prompted Lignification Affects Pathogenicity of Hemi-biotrophic Pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana to Wheat

Ajit Poudel,Sudhir Navathe,Ramesh Chand,Vinod K. Mishra,Pawan K. Singh,Arun K. Joshi 한국식물병리학회 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.4

Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana has spread to more than 9 million ha of wheat in the warm, humid areas of the Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) of South Asia and is a disease of major concern in other similar wheat growing regions worldwide. Differential lignin content in resistant and susceptible genotypes and its association with free radicals such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide (O2 -) and hydroxyl radical (OH-) were studied after inoculation under field conditions for two consecutive years. H2O2 significantly influenced lignin content in flag leaves, whereas there was a negative correlation among lignin and H2O2 to the Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC). The production of H2O2 was higher in the resistant genotypes than susceptible ones. The O2 - and OH- positively correlated with AUDPC but negatively with lignin content. This study illustrates that H2O2 has a vital role in prompting lignification and thereby resistance to spot blotch in wheat. We used cluster analysis to separate the resistant and susceptible genotypes by phenotypic and biochemical traits. H2O2 associated lignin production significantly reduced the number of appressoria and penetration pegs. We visualized the effect of lignin in disease resistance using differential histochemical staining of tissue from resistant and susceptible genotypes, which shows the variable accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and lignin around penetration sites.

Hydrogen Peroxide Prompted Lignification Affects Pathogenicity of Hemi-biotrophic Pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana to Wheat

Poudel, Ajit,Navathe, Sudhir,Chand, Ramesh,Mishra, Vinod K.,Singh, Pawan K.,Joshi, Arun K. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.4

Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana has spread to more than 9 million ha of wheat in the warm, humid areas of the Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) of South Asia and is a disease of major concern in other similar wheat growing regions worldwide. Differential lignin content in resistant and susceptible genotypes and its association with free radicals such as hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$), superoxide ($O_2{^-}$) and hydroxyl radical ($OH^-$) were studied after inoculation under field conditions for two consecutive years. $H_2O_2$ significantly influenced lignin content in flag leaves, whereas there was a negative correlation among lignin and $H_2O_2$ to the Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC). The production of $H_2O_2$ was higher in the resistant genotypes than susceptible ones. The $O_2{^-}$ and $OH^-$ positively correlated with AUDPC but negatively with lignin content. This study illustrates that $H_2O_2$ has a vital role in prompting lignification and thereby resistance to spot blotch in wheat. We used cluster analysis to separate the resistant and susceptible genotypes by phenotypic and biochemical traits. $H_2O_2$ associated lignin production significantly reduced the number of appressoria and penetration pegs. We visualized the effect of lignin in disease resistance using differential histochemical staining of tissue from resistant and susceptible genotypes, which shows the variable accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and lignin around penetration sites.

Navigated intraoperative ultrasonography for brain tumors: a pictorial essay on the technique, its utility, and its benefits in neuro-oncology

Ujwal Yeole,Vikas Singh,Ajit Mishra,Salman Shaikh,Prakash Shetty,Aliasgar Moiyadi 대한초음파의학회 2020 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.39 No.4

Intraoperative imaging has become one of the most important adjuncts in neurosurgery, especially in the surgical treatment of intra-axial tumors. Navigation and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging have limitations, and intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) has emerged as a versatile and multifaceted alternative. With technological advances in ultrasound scanners and newer multifunctional probes, the potential of IOUS is increasingly being utilized in the resection of tumors. The addition of image guidance to IOUS has exponentially increased the power of this technique. Navigated ultrasonography (nUS) can now overcome many of the limitations of conventional standalone two-dimensional ultrasonography. In this pictorial essay, we outline our nUS technique (both two- and three-dimensional) for the resection of intra-axial tumors with illustrated examples highlighting the various steps and corresponding benefits of the technique.

Efficacy of interventional treatment strategies for managing patients with cervicogenic headache: a systematic review

Goyal Sonal,Kumar Ajit,Mishra Priyanka,Goyal Divakar 대한마취통증의학회 2022 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.75 No.1

Cervicogenic headache (CeH) is caused by the disorder of the cervical spine and its anatomical structures. Patients who fail to respond to conservative therapies can undergo interventional treatment. The purpose of this review is to describe the various interventions and compare their relative efficacies. Although a few reviews have been published focusing on individual interventions, reviewing studies on other available treatments and establishing the most efficacious approach is still necessary. We performed a systematic review of studies available on the various interventions for CeH. The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for literature published between January 2001 and March 2021. Based on the inclusion criteria, 23 articles were included. Two reviewers independently extracted the data from the studies and summarized them in a table. Eleven of twenty-three studies evaluated the effect of radiofrequency ablation (RFA), 5 evaluated occipital nerve blocks, 2 each for facet joint injections and deep cervical plexus blocks, and 1 study each evaluated atlantoaxial (AA) joint injections, cervical epidural injection, and cryoneurolysis. Most of the studies reported pain reduction except 2 studies on RFA. In conclusion, based on the available literature, occipital nerve blocks, cervical facet joint injection, AA joint injection, deep cervical plexus block, cervical epidural injection may be reasonable options in refractory cases of CeH. RFA was found to have favorable long-term outcomes, while better safety has been reported with pulsed therapy. However, our review revealed only limited evidence, and more randomized controlled trials are needed to provide more conclusive evidence.

Synthesis and Characterization of Ti50Ni(50−X)FeX Alloy Produced by Mechanical Alloying and Pressure-Less Sintering

Jagadish Parida,Subash Chandra Mishra,Ajit Behera 대한금속·재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.4

This paper investigated the effect of iron on the Ti50Ni(50−X)FeX alloy fabricated by the powder metallurgy method. The differentpowder compositions are prepared by planetary ball milling for 8 h, then compacted at 600 MPa and sintered at 1050 °Cfor 4 h. Microstructure, chemical composition, and phase evolution of powder and sintered sample were investigated by SEM,EDS, and XRD. Also, the density, hardness, wear, compressive strength, and shape memory effect was measured for each ofthe sintered samples. SEM and XRD analysis show that sintered sample consists of the (Ni, Fe)-rich and Ti-rich phases withsome pores. Porosity has a major effect on the decreases in hardness, density, and compression strength. The lower coefficientof friction, maximum relative density, and higher hardness of 0.37, 66.31%, and 372.7VHN respectively was observed in the8Fe contained sample but maximum yield strength and compression strength of 67.66 MPa and 76.16 MPa respectively arefound without iron sample than other composition samples. The intermetallic secondary phase formation helps improve thehardness and wear properties, but the presence of martensite (NiTi) phase helps higher strength and shape memory effectvalues of the alloy. Abrasive wear mechanism obtained from SEM analysis of the worn surface of all wear samples.

Taxonomic description and genome sequence of Halobacillus marinus sp. nov., a novel strain isolated from Chilika Lake, India

Ananta N. Panda,Samir Ranjan Mishra,Lopamudra Ray,Surajit Das,Gurdeep Rastogi,Ajit Kumar Pattanaik,Tapan Kumar Adhya,Mrutyunjay Suar,Vishakha Raina 한국미생물학회 2018 The journal of microbiology Vol.56 No.4

A moderately halophilic spore forming, motile, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated as KGW1T was isolated from water sample of Chilika Lake and characterized taxonomically using polyphasic approach. The strain grew in the presence of 0–25% (w/v) NaCl in marine salt agar media, hydrolyzes casein, and gelatin and shows presence of alkaline proteases. The major cell wall menaquinone was MK7 and major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (44.89%), anteiso-C17:0 (6.18%), isoC15:0 (19.38%), and iso-C16:0 (7.39%). Several chemotaxonomic features conform the isolate be a member of genus Halobacillus. The isolate KGW1T contained A1γ meso-Dpm-direct type of peptidoglycan which is different from its phylogenetically closest neighbours. The 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis also revealed the strain KGW1T was affiliated to the genus Halobacillus and sequence similarity between the isolated strain and the type strains of Halobacillus species were found closest to, H. dabanensis D-8 DSM 18199T (99.08%) and H. faecis IGA7-4 DSM 21559T (99.01%), H. trueperi SL-5 DSM 10404T (98.94%). The in silico DDH showed that the values in a range of 14.2–17.5% with the most closest strain H. dabanensis D-8 DSM 18199T and other type strains of the genus Halobacillus for which whole genome sequence is reported. DNA-DNA relatedness between strain KGW1T and the closest type strain Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T was 11.75% (± 1.15). The draft genome sequence includes 3,683,819 bases and comprises of 3898 predicted coding sequences with a G + C content of 46.98%. Thus, the significant distinctiveness supported by phenotypic and genotypic data with its closest neighbors and other closely related species confirm the strain KGW1T to be classified as a novel species within the genus Halobacillus, for which the name Halobacillus marinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KGW1T (= DSM 29522 = JCM 30443).