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( Abdul Razzaq ),김현우,인수일 한국공업화학회 2014 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2014 No.1
TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> mixed oxide photocatalyst materials responsive to simulated solar light illumination have been synthesized by sol-gel method in various polar and nonpolar organic solvent mixtures. The photocatalysts were characterized by numerous experimental techniques and investigated for the photocatalytic conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> to CH<sub>4</sub>. The TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> mixed oxide photocatalysts prepared in the presence of nonpolar aromatic solvents such as xylene, toluene or benzene along with ethanol show high surface area, huge mesoporosity and enormous pore volume compared to the materials conventionally synthesized in a mixture of ethanol and hexane. The TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> mixed oxide photocatalyst prepared in benzene along with ethanol yield 21.0 ppm g-1 h-1 of methane production; however the material synthesized in hexane shows negligible amount of methane production under simulated solar light irradiation. These results indicate that aromatic nonpolar solvents can tune the textural properties of photocatalysts compared to non-polar aliphatic solvents.
Design-Oriented Testing and Modeling of Reinforced Concrete Pile Caps
Khattab Saleem Abdul-Razzaq,Mustafa Ahmed Farhood 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.23 No.8
A new perspective in the design of reinforced-concrete pile caps is proposed in this paper, where the conventional approach leading to a reinforcing mesh is replaced by modelling the cap as a strut-and-tie system, in agreement with the strut-and-tie model, STM proposed by several design codes, ACI 318 included. Twelve RC pile-cap specimens were designed and manufactured. In the first group of 4 specimens the caps rest on two piles (Group A, axis-to-axis distance 300 mm), while in the second and third groups the piles are three and four, respectively (Groups B and C, axis-to-axis distance 400 mm). In each group, the first and third specimens were designed according to the traditional sectional method (reference specimens, with constant depth and lateral shoulders), while the design of the second and fourth specimens was based on the strut-and-tie method (no lateral shoulders; no corners opposite to the piles). Needless to say, the nominal design load was the same within each group. The tests clearly show that cap design based on strut-and-tie systems brings in a sizable reduction in terms of reinforcement amount and cost, accompanied by a less pronounced but still sizable extra bearing capacity.
CuO-TiO<sub>2</sub> nanostructure for CO<sub>2</sub> conversion to methane
김혜림,( Abdul Razzaq ),인수일 한국공업화학회 2014 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2014 No.1
One of the major problems concerning environmental pollution and global warming is a rapid escalation in the level of carbon dioxide in atmosphere. The atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> level can be reduced by converting it into useful products via thermochemical and photochemical processes. Amongst these conversion processes, the photochemical conversion is a cost effective and preferred process for the photoreduction of CO<sub>2</sub> into useful liquid fuels like methanol, formaldehyde, and methane gas. Here, we synthesized CuO-TiO<sub>2</sub> nanostructure, a hybrid material photocatalyst and tested for CO<sub>2</sub> photoreduction. The synthesis process involves the formation CuS nanostructure using electrochemical anodization followed by embedment of titanium isopropoxide as Ti precursor. The oxidation of the nanosctuctre is performed at temperature of 400 °C oxidizing Cu and Ti to form CuO-TiO<sub>2</sub> nanostructures.
김혜림,( Abdul Razzaq ),허효정,인수일 한국공업화학회 2014 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2014 No.1
Photoreduction of CO<sub>2</sub> upon the photocatalysts surfaces into hydrocarbon fuels is one of the breakthroughs in the field of phtocatalysis. At present various approaches are investigated with the aim of increasing the conversion efficiency. In this poster, an attempt was made to testify the newly installed experimental setup in our laboratory. The experimental setup employed in the investigation consists of a reactor for CO<sub>2</sub> photoreduction into useful products and gas chromatography unit for analyzing the products composition. The reactor for photoconversion of CO<sub>2</sub> plays a vital role in experimental setup. The reactor assembly composes of a stainless steel platform, a circular reactor with an inlet, and outlet valves. For photocatalyctic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction, the reactor was loaded with the standard titania, Degussa P25 and was illuminated using 300 W Xe lamp with 1 sun condition. The methane yield was found to be 90 ppmㆍg<sup>-1</sup>ㆍh<sup>-1</sup>.
김혜림,( Abdul Razzaq ),인수일 한국공업화학회 2016 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2016 No.0
We report a noble metal-free novel nanostructured photocatalytic material fabricated using a facile synthesis approach, comprising a one-dimensional array of TNT covered with a reduced graphene oxide-TiO2 nanoparticles (rGO-TiO2 NP) composite. The novel nanostructure exhibits significantly improved photocurrent density and photochemical activity via conversion of CO2 into methane under simulated solar light irradiation. The improved performance appears due to the combined effect of enhanced light absorption and effective charge separation promoted by the rGO.
Zubair, Muhammad,Razzaq, Abdul,Grimes, Craig A.,In, Su-Il Elsevier 2017 Journal of CO<SUB>2</SUB> utilization Vol.20 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Development of photocatalytic materials for achieving the aspects of cost-effectiveness, improved performance and high stability is a subject of enormous interest among the photocatalysis research society. With the aim of achieving above mentioned features, herein we report a noble metal free, solar-light active, efficient and highly stable hybrid Cu<SUB>2</SUB>ZnSnS<SUB>4</SUB> (CZTS)-ZnO photocatalyst, synthesized by a simple two-step process. The morphological, crystalline, band alignment, optical and electronic properties of the prepared samples are intensively investigated. Photocatalytic performance is evaluated by measuring, under the simulated solar light, the ability of the photocatalyst to convert CO<SUB>2</SUB> into hydrocarbon fuels, primarily CH<SUB>4</SUB>. Our optimum CZTS-ZnO photocatalyst sample exhibits a CH<SUB>4</SUB> yield of 138.90 ppmg<SUP>−1</SUP> h<SUP>−1</SUP>, a factor of≈31 times greater than the un-sensitized ZnO nanorods, and≈22 times greater than the CZTS nanoparticles; with excellent stability yielding similar CH<SUB>4</SUB> production up to five test-cycles. The enhanced performance of the hybrid, noble metal-free photocatalyst can be attributed to improved light absorption and efficient separation of the photogenerated charge due to the Z-scheme heterojunction interface.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Synthesis of hybrid Z-scheme CZTS-ZnO photocatalysts active under simulated solar light. </LI> <LI> The photocatalyst is prepared using a simple, low-cost two-step process. </LI> <LI> Varied CZTS amount influences the optical properties of materials. </LI> <LI> Hybrid photocatalysts are investigated for photocatalytic CO<SUB>2</SUB> conversion. </LI> <LI> The CO<SUB>2</SUB> conversion is mainly influenced by optical and charge separation due to Z-scheme heterojunction formation. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Saurav Sorcar,Abdul Razzaq,Haining Tian,Craig A. Grimes,인수일 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.46 No.-
In the present work we report a facile and readily-scalable electrochemical anodization technique forpreparation of superhydrophilic TiO2 [3TD$DIF]films having reversible wettability properties. The electrochemicallyanodized[34TD$DIF] Titanium [35TD$DIF](Ti[36TD$DIF]) foils manifest nanoscale topographical features, interconnected nanowebsand nanofibrils, that enhance both surface roughness and light absorption. After 5 min of UVillumination a water contact angle (WCA) of 4.88 is measured for a 5 mL [37TD$DIF]deionized water droplet, whileafter 5 min of [38TD$DIF]whitelight illumination the WCA is 3.28. Moreover, under UV illumination thesuperhydrophilic Ti foils exhibit self-cleaning properties. Key factors contributing to the superhydrophiliccharacter include surface topology, and surface chemical reactions.