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Jang, Dae-Sik,Park, Eun-Jung,Kang, Young-Hwa,Su, Bao-Ning,Hawthorne, Michael-E.,Vigo, Jose-Schunke,Graham, James-G.,Cabieses, Fernando,Fong, Harry H.S.,Mehta, Rajendra-G.,Pezzuto, John-M.,Kinghorn, A. The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2003 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.26 No.8
Activity-guided fractionation of the EtOAc-soluble extract of the whole plants of Sida acuta using a bioassay based on the induction of quinone reductase (OR) in cultured Hepa 1c1c7 mouse hepatoma cells, led to the isolation of ten active compounds of previously known structure, quindolinone (1), cryptolepinone (2), 11-methoxyquindoline (3), N-trans-feruloyltyramine (4), vomifoliol (5), loliolide (6), 4-ketopinoresinol (7), scopoletin (8), evofolin-A (9), and evofolin-B (10), along with five inactive compounds of known structure, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, syringic acid, ($\pm$)-syringaresinol, and vanillic acid. These isolates were identified by physical and spectral data measurement. A new derivative of quindolinone, 5,10-dimethylquindolin-11-one (1a) was synthesized and characterized spectroscopically. Of the active substances, compounds 1-3 and 1a exhibited the most potent QR activity, with observed CD (concentration required to double induction) values ranging from 0.01 to 0.12 $\mu$ g/mL. Six compounds were then evaluated in a mouse mammary organ culture assay, with cryptolepinone (2), N-trans-feruloyltyramine (4), and 5,10-dimethylquindolin-11-one (1a) found to exhibit 83.3, 75.0, and 66.7% inhibition of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced preneoplastic lesions, respectively, at a dose of 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL.
Fong, J.J.,Li, P.P.,Yang, B.T.,Zhou, Z.Y.,Leache, A.D.,Min, M.S.,Waldman, B. Academic Press 2016 Molecular phylogenetics and evolution Vol.97 No.-
The Oriental fire-bellied toad (Bombina orientalis) is a commonly used study organism, but knowledge of its evolutionary history is incomplete. We analyze sequence data from four genetic markers (mtDNA genes encoding cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, cytochrome b, and 12S-16S rRNA; nuDNA gene encoding recombination activating gene 2) from 188 individuals across its range in Northeast Asia to elucidate phylogeographic patterns and to identify the historic events that shaped its evolutionary history. Although morphologically similar across its range, B. orientalis exhibits phylogeographic structure, which we infer was shaped by geologic, climatic, and anthropogenic events. Phylogenetic and divergence-dating analyses recover four genetically distinct groups of B. orientalis: Lineage 1-Shandong Province and Beijing (China); Lineage 2-Bukhan Mountain (Korea); Lineage 3-Russia, Northeast China, and northern South Korea; and Lineage 4-South Korea. Lineage 2 was previously unknown. Additionally, we discover an area of secondary contact on the Korean Peninsula, and infer a single dispersal event as the origin of the insular Jeju population. Skyline plots estimate different population histories for the four lineages: Lineages 1 and 2 experienced population decreases, Lineage 3 remained stable, while Lineage 4 experienced a sharp increase during the Holocene. The timing of the population expansion of Lineage 4 coincides with the advent of rice cultivation, which may have facilitated the increase in population size by providing additional breeding habitat.
Hoover-Fong, J.,Sobreira, N.,Jurgens, J.,Modaff, P.,Blout, C.,Moser, A.,Kim, O.H.,Cho, T.J.,Cho, S.,Kim, S.,Jin, D.K.,Kitoh, H.,Park, W.Y.,Ling, H.,Hetrick, Kurt N.,Doheny, Kimberly F.,Valle, D.,Pauli University of Chicago Press [etc.] 2014 American journal of human genetics Vol.94 No.1
Spondylometaphyseal dysplasias (SMD) constitute a rare group of bone disorders. Two members of the SMD group have distinctive ophthalmologic manifestations: SMD with cone-rod dystrophy (SMD-CRD; MIM 608940) and axial SMD with retinal degeneration (MIM 602271). Additional features of SMD-CRD include rhizomelia, lower extremity bowing, evolving anterior vertebral protrusions, metaphyseal cupping, and progressive visual impairment with pigmentary maculopathy and electroretinographic evidence of cone-rod dysfunction. Affected siblings have been described, thus suggesting autosomal recessive inheritance. Here eight individuals from 6 unrelated families with SMD-CRD were submitted to the Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics (BHCMG). Patients 1, 2, 4-6 (Walters et al, 2004) and 7 (Kitoh et al, 2011) were described previously. Patient 8 has not reached final adult height, but is short for his age (Z=-7.6) with lower extremity bowing and diagnosis of retinal dystrophy affecting both cones and rods made at age 45 months. Using WES and targeted Sanger sequencing, we found 8 rare PCYT1A variants (1 nonsense, 1 frame shifting indel, and 6 missense variants) present either in the homozygous or compound heterozygous state in all 8 individuals. PCYT1A encodes the alpha isoform of an enzyme known as CTP (phosphocholine cytidylytransferase), essential for phosphotidylcholine synthesis. Mutations in genes involved in fatty acid metabolism have been implicated in other dysplasias (e.g. RCDP and Conradi-Hunermann), as well as retinal disease where there are deficient or abnormal fatty acids (e.g. eicosapentanoic and docosahexanoic acid). Further examination of phospholipid metabolism may lead to the genetic etiology of other SMDs, particularly those with ocular manifestations.
Factors influencing school connectedness: Chinese adolescents' perspectives
Mantak Yuen,Patrick S. Y. Lau,Queenie A. Y. Lee,Norman C. Gysbers,Raymond M. C. Chan,Ricci W. Fong,Y. B. Chung,Peter M. K. Shea 서울대학교 교육연구소 2012 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.13 No.1
This study explored the concept of school connectedness and the factors that may influence its development with a sample of Chinese adolescents. Six focus groups involving 52 high school students were conducted using a set of predetermined discussion topics. Results indicated that the students fully understood the notion of school connectedness and could identify a number of key influences affecting its development. These factors could be grouped under several domains including teacher care, peer relations, broader school relationships, school disciplinary policies and practices, activities within the school's guidance and counseling program, and opportunities for talent development. The students were also able to suggest practical strategies that schools might introduce to enhance and strengthen students' acquisition of connectedness to school. The implications from the findings are discussed with particular reference to implementing comprehensive school guidance and counseling program in Hong Kong.
To, J. W.,Ng, J. W.,Siahrostami, S.,Koh, A. L.,Lee, Y.,Chen, Z.,Fong, K. D.,Chen, S.,He, J.,Bae, W. G. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 NANO RESEARCH Vol.10 No.4
<P>The development of high-performance and low-cost oxygen reduction and evolution catalysts that can be easily integrated into existing devices is crucial for the wide deployment of energy storage systems that utilize O-2-H2O chemistries, such as regenerative fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Herein, we report an NH3-activated N-doped hierarchical carbon (NHC) catalyst synthesized via a scalable route, and demonstrate its device integration. The NHC catalyst exhibited good performance for both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), as demonstrated by means of electrochemical studies and evaluation when integrated into the oxygen electrode of a regenerative fuel cell. The activities observed for both the ORR and the OER were comparable to those achieved by state-of-the-art Pt and Ir catalysts in alkaline environments. We have further identified the critical role of carbon defects as active sites for electrochemical activity through density functional theory calculations and high-resolution TEM visualization. This work highlights the potential of NHC to replace commercial precious metals in regenerative fuel cells and possibly metal-air batteries for cost-effective storage of intermittent renewable energy.</P>
Cervical Vagal Nerve Stimulation Activates the Stellate Ganglion in Ambulatory Dogs
이경석,Chia-Hsiang Hsueh,Jessica A. Hellyer,박형욱,이영수,Jason Garlie,Patrick Onkka,Anisiia T. Doytchinova,John B. Garner,Jheel Patel,Lan S. Chen,Michael C. Fishbein,Thomas Everett 4th,Shien-Fong Lin,Peng-She 대한심장학회 2015 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.45 No.2
Background and Objectives: Recent studies showed that, in addition to parasympathetic nerves, cervical vagal nerves contained significantsympathetic nerves. We hypothesized that cervical vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) may capture the sympathetic nerves within the vagalnerve and activate the stellate ganglion. Materials and Methods: We recorded left stellate ganglion nerve activity (SGNA), left thoracic vagal nerve activity (VNA), and subcutaneouselectrocardiogram in seven dogs during left cervical VNS with 30 seconds on-time and 30 seconds off time. We then compared theSGNA between VNS on and off times. Results: Cervical VNS at moderate (0.75 mA) output induced large SGNA, elevated heart rate (HR), and reduced HR variability, suggestingsympathetic activation. Further increase of the VNS output to >1.5 mA increased SGNA but did not significantly increase the HR, suggestingsimultaneous sympathetic and parasympathetic activation. The differences of integrated SGNA and integrated VNA between VNSon and off times (ΔSGNA) increased progressively from 5.2 mV-s {95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25–9.06, p=0.018, n=7} at 1.0 mA to13.7 mV-s (CI: 5.97–21.43, p=0.005, n=7) at 1.5 mA. The difference in HR (ΔHR, bpm) between on and off times was 5.8 bpm (CI: 0.28–11.29, p=0.042, n=7) at 1.0 mA and 5.3 bpm (CI 1.92 to 12.61, p=0.122, n=7) at 1.5 mA. Conclusion: Intermittent cervical VNS may selectively capture the sympathetic components of the vagal nerve and excite the stellateganglion at moderate output. Increasing the output may result in simultaneously sympathetic and parasympathetic capture.