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Smyslov, Ruslan Yu,Tomilin, Felix N.,Shchugoreva, Irina A.,Nosova, Galina I.,Zhukova, Elena V.,Litvinova, Larisa S.,Yakimansky, Alexander V.,Kolesnikov, Ilya,Abramov, Igor G.,Ovchinnikov, Sergei G.,Av Elsevier 2019 Polymer Vol.168 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Using Suzuki and Yamamoto coupling reactions, copoly-(9,9-dioctylfluorenes) (<B>CPF</B>) were synthesized and compared regarding their photophysical properties using the spectroscopic and <I>ab initio</I> DFT approaches. The CPFs were functionalized by benzo [2,3,5] thiadiazole (<B>BT</B>) or carbazole-3,6-diyl (3,6-Cz). The latter was used to introduce different luminophore fragments, including Nile red and 4-pyrrolidinyl-1,8-naphthalimide derivatives. The effect of the two synthesis techniques on the polymer microstructure, the influence of embedding of 3,6-Cz moieties in the polymer backbone on polymer structuring, and the impact of the end groups like novel quinoxaline-containing compounds on the luminescent properties of CPFs were investigated. By comparing electron density distribution using the <I>ab initio</I> DFT approach with photoluminescence, it was shown that Suzuki reaction provides a chain microstructure with individual BT fragments separated by 9,9-dioctylfluorene monomeric units, while Yamamoto reaction leads to the blocks of BT units. This effect leads to different CPF photophysical properties (absorption and emission spectra).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Light-emitted copolyfluorenes were obtained using Suzuki and Yamamoto reactions. </LI> <LI> Yamamoto coupling leads in the microblock chain structure of conjugated polymer. </LI> <LI> Suzuki coupling allows the alternating comonomeric copolyfluorene chain. </LI> <LI> End groups rule photoluminescence properties of copolyfluorenes. </LI> <LI> Naphthalbenzimidazole group provides FRET from fluorene to Nile red. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Eurasian Economic Union: Asymmetries of Growth Factors
Bulat D. Khusainov,Anel A. Kireyeva,Ruslan Sultanov 한국유통과학회 2017 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.4 No.1
The aim of the study is to assess the asymmetry of influence of factors of economic growth of national economies, which are included in the integration. Unlike previous research, the scientific significance of the obtained results consists in the use of a new method of study – external demand as a factor of economic growth, disaggregated into two components. The first is net exports mutual trade in goods within integration associations. The second is net exports of foreign trade in goods outside the integration. By use of these methods we have evaluated the contribution of these factors on economic growth of the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space (CU/CES), as well as Kazakhstan, Russia and Belarus. In the conducted analysis of scientific research was based on the fact that the economies of the member (CU/CES) are very different in scale, economic potential and volume of foreign trade. Based on this research we conclude: integration is developing successfully and efficiently only with the rise of the national economies of the member countries; to enhance economic growth and competitiveness of the countries of the Eurasian integration it is necessary to increase the volume of mutual trade of member countries of this integration.
Health and Safety: Fatigue among Seafarers in Malaysia
FIRDAUS NOR,SITI MARSILA MHD RUSLAN,KASYPI MOKHTAR,N.H.M. SALLEH,J. JEEVAN,A. H. NGAH,R. M. HANAFIAH 국제이네비해양경제학회 2019 International Journal of e-Navigation and Maritime Vol.12 No.1
Fatigue is not a trivial issue and needs much attention. On the other hand, fatigue among seafarers could lead to accidents at sea due to their inability and ineffectiveness in carrying out their work. Some were caused by sleepiness and lack of vigour, which, could not only affect their safety but compromising on other seafarers as well. In this study, factors that cause fatigue among seafarers were examined analytically and their quantitative priorities were determined using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Additionally, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is used to identify the best alternatives in minimizing fatigue among seafarers. For this, data is collected through interview involving those working in academic and maritime industry with more than 5 years of experiences in dealing with seafarers. The AHP result shows that fitness is the main cause that could affect fatigue on seafarers’ reliability. Besides, TOPSIS result shows that a well-maintained shipboard is the best way in sustaining seafarers’ energy. In sum, fatigue among seafarers could influence on safety and may lead towards precarious health issue over a long-term.
Mikhail I. Kogan,Khalid S. Ibishev,Yulia L. Naboka,Irina A. Gudima,Akhmed Kh. Ferzauli,Ruslan S. Ismailov,Kurt G. Naber 대한비뇨의학회 2022 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.63 No.3
Purpose: Because of the insufficient efficacy of the current treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP), it is justified to search for a more effective antibiotic therapy (ABT). Materials and Methods: This single-centre prospective observational comparative study was conducted in 2012 to 2019 (patients: 60 men with CBP; age: 20–45 y). The clinical examination was performed on admission and at 1, 3, 6, or 12 months. All patients underwent the Meares–Stamey test to obtain expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) and/or post-massage urine (PMU) samples for extended bacteriological examination. The patients were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups (30/30 patients): group I, fluoroquinolones (FQs); group II, a combination of FQs with cephalosporins/macrolides with a treatment duration of 1 month. Results: Patients of both groups had severe symptomatic CBP with an average duration of 4 years. Twenty-three microorganisms (15 aerobes, 9 anaerobes) were identified in PMU. At 3 months follow-up, a positive clinical effect was noted in both groups, which was significant (p<0.05) only in group II concerning NIH-CPSI questionnaire, leukocyturia, prostate volume, maximum urine flow, and decreased pathospermia. At 6 months follow-up, in group II the frequency of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. decreased significantly. In group I aerobes changed only insignificantly from the initial level, but anaerobes increased significantly. In group II the titers of both, aerobes and anaerobes, were significantly lower (p<0.05) at 6 months follow-up as compared to initial values. Conclusions: ABT targeting all taxa in EPS/PMU is a more effective alternative to standard therapeutic regimens for CBP.
Textures in Nanostructured Metals Processed by Severe Plastic Deformation
Alexandrov, Igor V.,Dubravina, Anna A.,Kilmametov, Ascar R.,Kazykhanov, Vil U.,Valiev, Ruslan Z. 대한금속재료학회 2003 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.9 No.2
This work demonstrates and analyzes the experimental results of the crystallographic texture formation processes in pure metals with a different type of crystal lattice, which were subjected to severe plastic deformation (SPD) applying various techniques such as high pressure torsion (HPT) and equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP).