Effects of surrounding and underlying shades on the color adjustment potential of a single-shade composite used in a thin layer

Barros Mariana Silva,Silva Paula Fernanda Damasceno,Santana Márcia Luciana Carregosa,Bragança Rafaella Mariana Fontes,Faria-e-Silva André Luis 대한치과보존학회 2023 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.48 No.1

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the surrounding and underlying shades’ effect on the color adjustment potential (CAP) of a single-shade composite used in a thin layer. Materials and Methods Cylinder specimens (1.0 mm thick) were built with the Vittra APS Unique composite, surrounded (dual specimens) or not (simple specimens) by a control composite (shade A1, A2, or A3). Simple specimens were also built only with the control composites. Each specimen’s color was measured against white and black backgrounds or the simple control specimens with a spectrophotometer (CIELAB system). The whiteness index for dentistry (WID) and translucency parameters (TP00) were calculated for simple specimens. Differences (ΔE00) in color between the simple/dual specimens and the controls were calculated. The CAP was calculated based on the ratios between data from simple and dual specimens. Results The Vittra APS Unique composite showed higher WID and TP00 values than the controls. The highest values of ΔE00 were observed among simple specimens. The color measurements of Vittra APS Unique (simple or dual) against the control specimens presented the lowest color differences. Only surrounding the single-shade composite with a shaded composite barely impacted the ΔE00. The highest CAP values were obtained using a shaded composite under simple or dual specimens. Conclusions The CAP of Vittra APS Unique was strongly affected by the underlying shade, while surrounding this composite with a shaded one barely affected its color adjustment.

Identification of Novel Compounds Inhibiting Chikungunya Virus-Induced Cell Death by High Throughput Screening of a Kinase Inhibitor Library

Cruz, Deu John M.,Bonotto, Rafaela M.,Gomes, Rafael G. B.,da Silva, Camila T.,Taniguchi, Juliana B.,No, Joo Hwan,Lombardot, Benoit,Schwartz, Olivier,Hansen, Michael A. E.,Freitas-Junior, Lucio H. Public Library of Science 2013 PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol.7 No.10

<▼1><P>Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne arthrogenic alphavirus that causes acute febrile illness in humans accompanied by joint pains and in many cases, persistent arthralgia lasting weeks to years. The re-emergence of CHIKV has resulted in numerous outbreaks in the eastern hemisphere, and threatens to expand in the foreseeable future. Unfortunately, no effective treatment is currently available. The present study reports the use of resazurin in a cell-based high-throughput assay, and an image-based high-content assay to identify and characterize inhibitors of CHIKV-infection in vitro. CHIKV is a highly cytopathic virus that rapidly kills infected cells. Thus, cell viability of HuH-7 cells infected with CHIKV in the presence of compounds was determined by measuring metabolic reduction of resazurin to identify inhibitors of CHIKV-associated cell death. A kinase inhibitor library of 4,000 compounds was screened against CHIKV infection of HuH-7 cells using the resazurin reduction assay, and the cell toxicity was also measured in non-infected cells. Seventy-two compounds showing ≥50% inhibition property against CHIKV at 10 µM were selected as primary hits. Four compounds having a benzofuran core scaffold (CND0335, CND0364, CND0366 and CND0415), one pyrrolopyridine (CND0545) and one thiazol-carboxamide (CND3514) inhibited CHIKV-associated cell death in a dose-dependent manner, with EC<SUB>50</SUB> values between 2.2 µM and 7.1 µM. Based on image analysis, these 6 hit compounds did not inhibit CHIKV replication in the host cell. However, CHIKV-infected cells manifested less prominent apoptotic blebs typical of CHIKV cytopathic effect compared with the control infection. Moreover, treatment with these compounds reduced viral titers in the medium of CHIKV-infected cells by up to 100-fold. In conclusion, this cell-based high-throughput screening assay using resazurin, combined with the image-based high content assay approach identified compounds against CHIKV having a novel antiviral activity - inhibition of virus-induced CPE - likely by targeting kinases involved in apoptosis.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Recent outbreaks and expanding global distribution of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in different regions of Asia, Africa and Europe necessitates the development of effective therapeutic interventions. At present, only two antiviral compounds (chloroquine and ribavirin) that inhibit viral infection <I>in vitro</I> have been used in clinical cases of chikungunya infections. However, neither of these compounds have shown strong efficacy in vivo. Recent attempts to identify new antiviral candidates for CHIKV using cell-based phenotypic approach have been reported. In this study, we developed a simple cell-based high-throughput assay using resazurin to identify potential anti-CHIKV compounds. This high-throughput assay is based on the metabolic reduction of resazurin to the highly fluorescent resorufin by viable cells as an indicator of activity against CHIKV-induced CPE. We screened 4,000 small molecules belonging to the BioFocus kinase inhibitor chemical library and found a cluster of related molecules with antiviral activity against CHIKV. Finally, we characterized the putative mode of action of these active compounds using an image-based high content assay and conventional virological methods (<I>i.e.</I>, virus yield reduction assay, microneutralization assay).</P></▼2>

Polyphasic delimitation of a filamentous marine genus, Capillus gen. nov. (Cyanobacteria, Oscillatoriaceae) with the description of two Brazilian species

Taiara A. Caires,Goia de M. Lyra,Guilherme S. Hentschke,Aaron Matheus S. da Silva,Valter L. de Araújo,Célia L. Sant’Anna,José Marcos de C. Nunes 한국조류학회I 2018 ALGAE Vol.33 No.4

Lyngbya C. Agardh ex Gomont is a nonheterocytous cyanobacterial genus whose evolutionary history is still poorlyknown. The traditionally defined Lyngbya has been demonstrated to be polyphyletic, including at least five distinctclades, some of which have been proposed as new genera. Intraspecific diversity is also clearly underestimated in Lyngbyadue to the lack of unique morphological characters to differentiate species. In this study, we describe the new genusCapillus T. A. Caires, C. L. Sant’Anna et J. M. C. Nunes from benthic marine environments, including two new Brazilianspecies (here described as C. salinus T. A. Caires, C. L. Sant’Anna et J. M. C. Nunes, and C. tropicalis T. A. Caires, C. L. Sant’Anna et J. M. C. Nunes), and two species yet to be described, one of them from India (Capillus sp. 2.1), and the otherfrom United States of America, based on strain PCC 7419. Capillus species presented cross-wise diagonal fragmentation,assisted or not by necridic cells, which has not been previously mentioned for Lyngbya. Ultrastructural analyses showedthat C. salinus and C. tropicalis have numerous gas vesicles, which are rarely described for benthic marine species. Thenew genus formed a well-supported clade, and the D1-D1′ and Box B secondary structures of internal transcribed spaceralso supported the proposal of its new species. These findings help to clarify the diversity of species in the Lyngbya complexand the taxonomy of the group, and highlight the need of further floristic surveys in tropical coastal environments,which remain poorly studied.

Effects of Feeding Licury (Syagrus coronate) Cake to Growing Goats

Borja, M.S.,Oliveira, R.L.,Ribeiro, C.V.D.M.,Bagaldo, A.R.,Carvalho, G.G.P.,Silva, T.M.,Lima, L.S.,Barbosa, L.P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.11

The objectives of this study were to determine the highest inclusion of licury (Syagrus coronate) cake in the diet of growing Boer goats without adverse effects on intake and digestibility and to determine its effects on ingestive behavior and physiological responses. Twenty entire, one year old 3/4 Boer goats, 18.1 kg (DS = 2.2) average body weight (BW), were allocated to dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Each animal was confined in a $1.0\;m^2$ pen with a suspended floor and given ad libitum access to clean, fresh water. Diets were formulated to meet NRC (2007) requirements and the ingredients were: 50% of Tifton-85 (Cynodon sp.) hay, corn meal, soybean meal, mineral and vitamin premix, and licury cake. The treatments were: i) no addition of licury cake to the diet, ii) 15% (DM basis) addition of licury cake, iii) 30% licury cake and, iv) 45% licury cake. The experiment lasted for 17 days; the first 10 days were used to adapt the animals to the diets and facilities. The inclusion of licury cake increased the fiber concentration of the diets; however, there was no effect on either dry matter (DM) or organic matter (OM) intake. There was a linear increase (p<0.05) in the EE content of the diet as the addition of licury cake increased; however, EE intake did not differ (p>0.05) between treatments. The digestibility of non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) decreased with increasing inclusion of licury cake, as did NFC intake. The efficiency of ingestion of DM and NDF presented a negative quadratic effect with the inclusion of licury cake. Results from this study indicate that licury cake can be fed to goats at up to 45% of the diet without adverse effects on either intake or digestibility.

Polyphasic delimitation of a filamentous marine genus, Capillus gen. nov. (Cyanobacteria, Oscillatoriaceae) with the description of two Brazilian species

Caires, Taiara A.,Lyra, Goia de M.,Hentschke, Guilherme S.,da Silva, Aaron Matheus S.,de Araujo, Valter L.,Sant'Anna, Celia L.,Nunes, Jose Marcos de C. The Korean Society of Phycology 2018 ALGAE Vol.33 No.4

Lyngbya C. Agardh ex Gomont is a nonheterocytous cyanobacterial genus whose evolutionary history is still poorly known. The traditionally defined Lyngbya has been demonstrated to be polyphyletic, including at least five distinct clades, some of which have been proposed as new genera. Intraspecific diversity is also clearly underestimated in Lyngbya due to the lack of unique morphological characters to differentiate species. In this study, we describe the new genus Capillus T. A. Caires, C. L. Sant'Anna et J. M. C. Nunes from benthic marine environments, including two new Brazilian species (here described as C. salinus T. A. Caires, C. L. Sant'Anna et J. M. C. Nunes, and C. tropicalis T. A. Caires, C. L. Sant'Anna et J. M. C. Nunes), and two species yet to be described, one of them from India (Capillus sp. 2.1), and the other from United States of America, based on strain PCC 7419. Capillus species presented cross-wise diagonal fragmentation, assisted or not by necridic cells, which has not been previously mentioned for Lyngbya. Ultrastructural analyses showed that C. salinus and C. tropicalis have numerous gas vesicles, which are rarely described for benthic marine species. The new genus formed a well-supported clade, and the D1-D1' and Box B secondary structures of internal transcribed spacer also supported the proposal of its new species. These findings help to clarify the diversity of species in the Lyngbya complex and the taxonomy of the group, and highlight the need of further floristic surveys in tropical coastal environments, which remain poorly studied.

Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Effects of Sterculia striata A. St.-Hil. & Naudin (Malvaceae) in Rodents

Francilene V. Silva,Irisdalva S. Oliveira,Kayo A. Figueiredo,Francisco B. Melo Junior,Danielly A. Costa,Mariana H. Chaves,Mauricio P.M. Amaral,Fernanda R.C. Almeida,Francisco A. Oliveira,Rita C.M. Oli 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.6

The present work reports the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of the ethanol extract obtained from the stem bark of Sterculia striata A. St.-Hil. & Naudin (Ss-EtOH) in the experimental models of edema induced by carrageenan, dextran, or histamin and nociception induced by chemical stimuli, such as acetic acid, formalin, capsaicin, or glutamate. The Ss-EtOH (50 mg/kg) promoted a marked inhibition on the hind paw edema induced by carrageenan or dextran (30% and 73%, respectively). Besides, Ss-EtOH (25 mg/kg) exhibited a slight activity (30%) on the hind paw edema induced by histamin. The Ss-EtOH (12.5 and 25 mg/kg) showed the antinociceptive activity on chemical stimuli induced by acetic acid (65.59% and 38.37%, respectively), formalin, in the initial (35.08% and 31.5%, respectively) and late phases (44.09% and 83.57%, respectively), capsaicin (43.77% and 51.31%, respectively), or glutamate (36.6% and 52.12%, respectively). Regarding the possible mechanism involved in the antinociceptive effect, Ss-EtOH (12.5 mg/kg) showed a decrease in the antinociceptive effect (65.8%) in the acetic acid model after pretreatment with naloxone. Thus, opioid mechanisms might be underlying this response.

Differences in Gastroprotective and Mutagenic Actions Between Polar and Apolar Extracts of Ananas ananassoides

J.S. Silva,M.A. Andreo,F.R. Tubaldini,E.A. Varanda,L.R.M. Rocha,A.R.M.S. Brito,W. Vilegas,C.A. Hiruma-Lima 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Journal of medicinal food Vol.11 No.1

Several plants are used in folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders. Ananas ananassoides(Baker) L.B.Smith (Family Bromeliaceae) is a medicinal plant commonly used in the central region of Brazil against gastric pain. Weevaluated two extracts (methanol [MeOH] and dichloromethane [DCM]) obtained from the leaves of A. ananassoidesfor theirability to protect the gastric mucosa against injuries caused by necrotizing agents (0.3 M HCl/60% ethanol, absolute ethanol,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and pylorus ligation) in mice and rats. The best results were obtained after pretreat-ment with the DCM extract, whereas the MeOH extract did not show any significant anti-ulcerogenic activity but presentedmutagenic action. The mechanism of action of the DCM extract suggested the effective participation of endogenous sulfhydrylgroup in the gastroprotective action. The data, taken together with the absence of acute toxicity and mutagenicity, indicatethe apolar extract, instead of the polar, extract of A. ananassoides as a safe and potential new anti-ulcerogenic drug.

Ferroelectric switching behavior of pulsed laser deposited Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 thin films

José P.B. Silva,Koppole C. Sekhar,Sofia A.S. Rodrigues,Anatoli Khodorov,Javier Martín-Sanchez,Mário Pereira,Maria J.M. Gomes 한국물리학회 2012 Current Applied Physics Vol.12 No.4

The effect of pulse amplitude on the ferroelectric and switching properties of pulsed laser deposited Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 thin films has been studied. The structural and morphological analysis revealed that the films had a well crystallized perovskite phase and grain size of about 30e40 nm. A well saturated PeE hysteresis loop was observed with a remnant polarization (Pr)z4.8 mC/cm2 and a coercive fieldz100 kV/cm at a frequency of 1 kHz. The Pr has been found to be decreased only 4.3% after passing 8.0 × 108 cycles. The analysis of switching response with nucleation limited switching model reveals that characteristic switching time (t0) variance is due to the random distribution of the local electric fields. The peak value of polarization current and t0 exhibits exponential dependence on reciprocal of pulse amplitude. The effect of pulse amplitude on the ferroelectric and switching properties of pulsed laser deposited Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 thin films has been studied. The structural and morphological analysis revealed that the films had a well crystallized perovskite phase and grain size of about 30e40 nm. A well saturated PeE hysteresis loop was observed with a remnant polarization (Pr)z4.8 mC/cm2 and a coercive fieldz100 kV/cm at a frequency of 1 kHz. The Pr has been found to be decreased only 4.3% after passing 8.0 × 108 cycles. The analysis of switching response with nucleation limited switching model reveals that characteristic switching time (t0) variance is due to the random distribution of the local electric fields. The peak value of polarization current and t0 exhibits exponential dependence on reciprocal of pulse amplitude.

Grazing Behavior and Locomotion of Young Bulls Receiving Different Nutritional Plans in a Tropical Pasture

Valente, E.E.L.,Paulino, M.F.,Detmann, E.,Filho, S.C. Valadares,Chizzotti, M.L.,Silva, A.G.,Maciel, I.F.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.12

The objectives of this study were to compare visual observation and an electronic grazing time method and to evaluate the effects of nutritional plans on intake, grazing behavior and horizontal and vertical locomotion of young bulls in a tropical pasture. Thirty-nine Nellore young bulls with an average body weight of $345{\pm}9.3$ kg kept in pasture were used. The experimental treatments consisted of: restricted: animals kept in a plot with a low mass of forage receiving mineral mixture only; control: animals receiving mineral mixture only; HPHC: a high protein and high carbohydrate supplement; HPLC: a high protein and low carbohydrate supplement; LPHC: a low protein and high carbohydrate supplement; LPLC: a low protein and low carbohydrate supplement. GPS collars equipped with activity sensors were used. Information about head position, latitude, longitude and altitude were recorded. Daytime grazing behavioral patterns monitored by a continuous focal animal recording method was compared to behavior estimated by the activity sensor. Feed intake was estimated by a marker method. The Restricted group presented lower (p<0.05) intake of dry matter and TDN. However, difference in dry matter intake was not found (p>0.05) between non-supplemented and supplemented animals. Difference was not found (p>0.05) in daytime grazing time obtained by visual observation or the activity sensor method. The restricted group showed longer (p<0.05) grazing time (9.58 h/d) than other groups, but difference was not found (p>0.05) in the grazing time between Control (8.35 h/d) and supplemented animals (8.03 h/d). The Restricted group presented lower (p<0.05) horizontal locomotion distance (2,168 m/d) in comparison to other groups (2,580.6 m/d). It can be concluded that the use of activity sensor methods can be recommended due to their being similar to visual observation and able to record 24-h/d. While supplements with high carbohydrates reduce pasture intake, they do not change grazing behavior. Moderate supplementation (until 50% of protein requirement and 30% of energy requirement) of beef cattle on tropical pasture has no effect on daily locomotion.

An inhibitor of the proteasomal deubiquitinating enzyme USP14 induces tau elimination in cultured neurons

Boselli, Monica,Lee, Byung-Hoon,Robert, Jessica,Prado, Miguel A.,Min, Sang-Won,Cheng, Chialin,Silva, M. Catarina,Seong, Changhyun,Elsasser, Suzanne,Hatle, Ketki M.,Gahman, Timothy C.,Gygi, Steven P.,H American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2017 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.292 No.47

<P>The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is responsible for most selective protein degradation in eukaryotes and regulates numerous cellular processes, including cell cycle control and protein quality control. A component of this system, the deubiquitinating enzyme USP14, associates with the proteasome where it can rescue substrates from degradation by removal of the ubiquitin tag. We previously found that a small-molecule inhibitor of USP14, known as IU1, can increase the rate of degradation of a subset of proteasome substrates. We report here the synthesis and characterization of 87 variants of IU1, which resulted in the identification of a 10-fold more potent USP14 inhibitor that retains specificity for USP14. The capacity of this compound, IU1-47, to enhance protein degradation in cells was tested using as a reporter the microtubule-associated protein tau, which has been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases. Using primary neuronal cultures, IU1-47 was found to accelerate the rate of degradation of wild-type tau, the pathological tau mutants P301L and P301S, and the A152T tau variant. We also report that a specific residue in tau, lysine 174, is critical for the IU1-47–mediated tau degradation by the proteasome. Finally, we show that IU1-47 stimulates autophagic flux in primary neurons. In summary, these findings provide a powerful research tool for investigating the complex biology of USP14.</P>