Benzoyl peroxide가 흰쥐의 지질과산화현상에 미치는 영향

이향우(H.W. Lee),이규순(K.S. Rhee),홍사오(S.U. Hong) 대한약리학회 1982 대한약리학잡지 Vol.18 No.1

Lipid peroxidation is the reaction of oxidative deterioration of polyunsaturated lipids and this peroxidation involves the direct reaction of oxygen and lipid to form free radical intermediates, which can lead to autocatalysis. As results of the extensive studies on the lipid peroxidation by many authors, the relationship between lipid peroxidation and the drug metabolizing system as well as the actions of free radicals on the peroxidation was reasonably well known. For a long time, the mechanism of hepatotoxicity of CCl₄ was not clearly understood. However, it is now quite well established that CCl₄ is activated in vivo to a free radical which is a highly reactive molecule. Therefore, lipid peroxidation which induces the reduction of cytochrome P-450 and aminopyrine demethylase activity is known as decisive event of CCl₄ hepatotoxicity. On the other hand, it was also reported that singlet molecular oxygen produces lipid peroxidation in liver microsomes. In this study the effects of benzoyl peroxide on the lipid peroxidation and drug-metabolizing enzyme were examined. Benzoyl peroxide mixed with starch and phosphates etc. is usually used as a food additive for flour bleaching and maturing purpose because of its oxidative property. Albino rats were used for the experimental animals. Benzoyl peroxide was suspended in soybean oil and sesame oil and administered intraperitoneally or orally. TBA value and aminopyrine demethylase activity were determined in liver microsomal fraction and serum. The results were summerized as following. 1) Body weights of animals administered benzoyl peroxide suspension were decreased while that of oil administered group were increased. 2) The activity of aminopyrine demethylase was generally decreased in animals administered oil suspension of benzoyl peroxide. Furthermore, the marked reduction of the enzyme activity was observed in animals administered benzoyl peroxide intraperitoneally. 3) Generally, microsomal TBA values as well as serum TBA were significantly elevated in benzoyl peroxide group in comparison with the control group. However, the more remarkable increase of serum TBA than microsomal TBA was observed in animals administered orally for 6 days. 4) Specifically, the changing pattern of TBA value was notable in serum rather than in liver microsome by intraperitoneal administration of benzoyl peroxide.

담즙분비와 Cyclic nucleotides간의 상호관계에 관한 연구

이향우,김원준,홍사석,조석준,홍사오,임중기,Lee, H.W.,Kim, W.J.,Hong, S.S.,Cho, S.J.,Hong, S.U.,Lim, C.K. 대한약리학회 1982 대한약리학잡지 Vol.18 No.1

Bile formation is a complex process comprised of three separate physiologic mechanism operating at two anatomical sites. At present time, it was known that at least two processes are responsible for total canalicular secretion at the bile canaliculus. One of the processes is bile salt-dependent secretion (BSDS) hypothesis that the active transport of bile salts from plasma to bile provided a primary stimulus for bile formation: the osmotic effect of actively transported bile acid was responsible for the movement of water and ions into bile. The other process is bile salt-independent secretion (ESIS), which is unrelated to bile salt secretion at the canaliculus and which may involve the active transport of sodium. The third process for bile formation involves the biliary ductal epithelium. Secretin-stimulated bile characteristically contained bicarbonate in high concentration. Therefor, it was suggested that secretin stimulated water and bicarbonate secretion from the biliary ductules. One the other hand, it was found that a large amounts of cAMP was present in canine bile but no apparent relationship between bile salt secretion and cAMP content in dog bile. However, bile flow studies in human have demonstrated that secretin and glucagon increase bile cAMP secretion as does secretin in baboons. Secretin increases baboon bile duct mucosal cAMP levels in addition to bile CAMP levels suggesting that in that species secretin-stimulated bile flow may be cAMP mediated. It has been postulated that glucagon and theophylline which increase the bile salt-independent secretion in dogs might act through an increased in liver cAMP content. In a few studies, the possible role of cAMP on bile formation has teen tested by administration of an exogenous derivative of cAMP, dibutyryl cAMP. In the rat, DB cAMP did not modify bile flow, but injection of DB cAMP in the dog promoted an increase in the bile salt-independent secretion. Because of these contradictory results, this study was carried out to examine the relationship between cyclic nucleotides and bile flow due to various bile salts as well as secretin or theophylline. Experiments were performed in rabbits with anesthesia produced by the injection of seconal(30 mg/kg). Rabbits had the cystic duct ligated and the proximal end of the divided common duct cannulated with an appropriately sized polyethylene catheter. A similar catheter was placed into the inferior vena cava for administration of drugs. Bile was collected for determination of cyclic nucleotides and total cholate in 15 min. intervals for a few hours. The results are summerized as followings. 1) Administrations of taurocholic acid or chenodeoxycholic acid increased significantly the concentrations of cAMP and cGMP in bile of rabbits. 2) Concentration of cAMP in bile during the continuous infusion of ursodeoxycholic acid, was remarkedly increased in accordance with the increase of bile flow, while on the contrary concentration of cGMP in bile was decreased significantly. 3) Dehydrocholic acid and deoxycholic acid significantly increased bile flow, total cholate output and cyclic nucleotides in bile. 4) Only cAMP concentration in bile was significantly increased from control value by secretin, while theophylline increased cAMP as well as cGMP in rabbit bile. 5) In addition, the administration of secretin to taurocholic acid-stimulated bile flow increased cAMP while theophylline produced the increases of cAMP and cGMP in bile. 6) The administration of insulin to taurocholic acid-stimulated bile flow decreased cAMP concentration, while on the contrary cGMP was remarkedly increased in rabbit bile.

연구논문 - 석유화학 , 윤활유분과 / 식품공업분과 / 유지 , 계면활성제분과 / 정밀화학분과 : 올리고머형 음이온성계면활성제 수용액에서 안료의 분산안정성 ( 제3보 ) - 형광성 올리고머 계면활성제의 합성 및 그의 계면성 -

이향우,이진희,김홍수,남기대 ( H . W . Lee,J . H . Lee,H . S . Kim,K . D . Kim ) 한국공업화학회 1997 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.1994 No.1

올리고머형 음이온성계면활성제 수용액에서 안료의 분산안정성 ( 제3보 ) - 형광성이 큰 올리고머 계면활성제의 합성 및 그의 계면성 -

이향우,이진희,주명종,남기대 ( H . W . Lee,J . H . Lee,M . J . Ju,K . D . Nam ) 한국유화학회 1997 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Fluorescent anjonic oligo surfactants were synthesized by the condensing products of long chain alkylvinylether-maleic anhydride cooligomers and resorcinol including dye structures. These oligo surfactants exhibited a remarkable surface tension lowering property, lower foaming and a large dispersing action for the particles of α-copper phthalocyanine blue. Further it was ascertained that the binding of oilgo surfactant onto the pigment surface caused the deviation towards lower wavelengths at the maximum fluorescent intensity as compared with aqueous oligo surfactant solutions. These surface active proper-ties of the oligo surfactant may be attributed to rigid and hydrophobic structure of dye groups. Besides surface-active groups of alkylether groups and carboxylic group of the anionic oligo surfactants.

취외분비에 미치는 cyclic nucleotides의 역할

이향우,김원준,홍사석,Lee, H.W.,Kim, W.J.,Hong, S.S. 대한약리학회 1977 대한약리학잡지 Vol.13 No.2

In 1968, Case et al. first studied the importance of cyclic AMP as an intermediate in the action of secretin and cholecystokinin-pancreozymin and they suggested that the action of secretin, not that of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin, may be mediated through cyclic AMP. Recently Albano et al. reported that in the exocrine pancreas each of the two major physiological functions is modulated a specific cyclic nucleotide, enzyme secretion by cyclic GMP, and fluid and ionic secretion by cyclic AMP. But in pancreas still conflicting results have been reported on the role of cyclic nucleotides in enzyme and electrolyte secretion. In these study, the role of cyclic nucleotides in the exocrine pancreatic secretion was examined. The results are as follows. 1) Very strong stimulation on amylase release from guinea pig pancreatic slice was produced by 1 unit of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin but as compared to that of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin very weak response was observed by 1 unit of secretion or $1\;{\mu}g$ of VIP. 2) Both cholecystokinin-pancreozymin and acetylcholine produced a rapid and marked rise in cyclic GMP as well as cyclic AMP in isolated pancreatic tissue. However, both secretin and VIP failed to alter significantly the basal level of cyclic GMP in pancreatic fragments. 3) Atropine inhibited acetylcholine mediated amylase release, but did not affect the cholecystokinin-pancreozymin response. Furthermore, atropine pretreatment produced a marked inhibitory effect on the increase of tissue cyclic nucleotides induced by cholecystokinin-pancreozymin and acetylcholine. In summary, these results suggest that whereas the pancreatic secretion produced by secretin and VIP is modulated by the formation of cyclic AMP, the pancreatic enzyme secretion in response to cholecystokinin-pancreozymin and acetylcholine is triggered by both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP.

Performance Estimation for Various Heat Treatment of Heavy Machine Bushing

H. J. Kim(김형준),K. S. Kim(김경석),J. Y. Park(박지연),H. W. Lee(이향우) 한국소성가공학회 2015 한국소성가공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

저온환경 적응에 있어서의 갑상선 Hormone의 변동

이향우(H.W. Lee),김원준(W.J. Kim),홍사석(S.S. Hong),김호석(H.S. Kim),홍사오(S.U. Hong) 대한약리학회 1981 대한약리학잡지 Vol.17 No.2

The importance of thyroid hormones for the survival of rats in the cold is along-established fact. Hypothyroid animals are unable to survive in a cold environment. It was also reported that acute exposure of rats, guinea pigs and rabbits to cold produced an increased secretion of TSH and thereby thyroid hormone secretion within 10 to 30 min, but this increase of thyroid activity disappeared quite rapidly during warming. However, in human study no significant difference was found in the concentration of T₄, TSH and cortisol between summer and winter. But plasma T₃ concentration was increased significantly in winter in 56 adult men. On the other hand, it has been also known that catecholamines are important in the maintenance of body temperature of rat exposured to cold. Abundant evidences suggest that the sympathetic nervous system is involved in the activation of nonshivering thermogenesis and that thyroid hormone metabolism and secretion are influenced by catecholamines and consequently by the activity of the sympatheticadrenal system. Many of the metabolic effects of catecholamines are associated with an increase in the level of cAMP mediated through activation of adenylate cyclase which converts ATP to cAMP. Other studies have shown that thyroid hormones affect the amount of adenylate cyclase present in the adipose tissue. On the other hand. it was also reported that a particulate cAMP phosphodiesterase activity in fat cells was modulated by the action of thyroid hormones. The objective of the present study was to determine the interaction between thyroid activity and cyclic nucleotides during acute exposure to cold. Albino rats weighing around 200 g were used as the experimental animal. The room temperature group was kept at 25˚C and the cold-exposured group was kept at 4˚C for 1 week or 2 weeks. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups; control, KI, and MTU group. At the end of experiment the animals were etherized and blood was taken from abdominal aorta for T₄, T₃ and cyclic nucleotides. The determinations of T₃, T₄ and cyclic nucleotides were carried out with a radioimmunoassay(RIA) method. The results were summerized as followings. 1) A significant increase of thyroid weight was observed in rats exposured to cold for 2 weeks. Furthermore, in rats administered MTU while to exposure to cold the thyroid weight was also increased significantly. 2) After 2 weeks T₃ concentration in the plasma of cold-exposured rats was significantly increased in KI group and MTU group as well as in control group. On the contrary, after 2 weeks of cold exposure T₄ level was decreased in control group. 3) In the case of cyclic nucleotides, plasma cAMP was increased in the control group after 1 or 2 weeks of cold exposure. However, cAMP level in plasma was rather significantly decreased in KI group and MTU group as well as in control group.

올리고머형 음이온성 계면활성제 수용액에서 안료의 분산성 ( 제1보 ) - Phthalocyanine 이나 Carbon Black 의 분산 -

이향우,윤영균,박흥조,남기대 ( H . W . Lee,Y . K . Yun,H . Ch . Park,K . D . Nam ) 한국공업화학회 1998 공업화학 Vol.9 No.1

올리고머형 음이온성 계면활성제로서 소수성인 측쇄알킬기의 탄소수와 중합도가 다른 말레인산디에틸에스테르계(CmD-Na계) 또는 무수말레인산계(CmM-Na계)와 탄소수가 C₄∼C_l6인 알킬비닐에테르 공중합물을 분산제로 사용하여 분산이 잘 안되는 α-나 β-형 copper phthalocyanine과 카본블랙의 미립자에 대하여 수용액중에서의 분산성을 비교검토 하였다. 그 결과 CmD-Na계의 측쇄알킬기의 탄소수가 C₄∼C_(10)인 경우에는 0.01∼0.1% 농도범위에서 우수한 분산효과를 나타내었고, 특히 측쇄알킬기가 안료입자 표면으로의 배향흡착에 중요한 역할을 하며, 중합도가 낮은 것이 효과적으로 나타났다. 그러나 카본블랙인 경우에는 이와 무관한 결과를 나타내었다. The dispersing behaviors of oligomer-type anionic surfactants, cooligomers of diethyl maleate(CmD-Na) or maleic anhydride (CmM-Na) and C₄∼C_(16) alkyl vinylether, which have a different alkyl chain length of the hydrophobic group or degree of polymerization, were studied on the aqueous suspension of α- and β- copper phthalocyanine and carbon black particles. In case of the side alkyl chain length of C₄∼C_(10) 0f CmD-Na, the dispersing actions were good in the concentration range of 0.01 to 0.1%. Especially, side alkyl groups played an important role in the orientation adsorption on the surface of pigment particles, and oligomers having smaller degrees of polymerization were more effective in the dispersing action, but did not affect the dispersability of carbon black.

Vitamin A 유도체로 인한 간의 약물대사효소 변동

이향우,유경자,노재열,홍사석,Lee, H.W.,Ryu, K.Z.,Ro, J.Y.,Hong, S.S. 대한약리학회 1982 대한약리학잡지 Vol.18 No.1

It has been known that retinoids are intrinsically of critical importance for control of premalignant epithelial cell differentiation. In the absence of retinoids, normal cellular differentiation and growth does not occur in epithelia such as those of trachea and bronchi. Furthermore, it was also reported that retinoid deficiency enhanced susceptibility to chemical carcinogenesis in the respiratory system, in the bladder, and in the colon of the experimental animal. In 1974, Bollag examined the effects of synthetic retinoids in prevention of development of cancer and demonstrated synthetic retinoids to have more favorable therapeutic index than retinoic acid for causing regression of skin papilloma in mice. Therefore, it was assumed that this anticarcinogenic effect of vitamin A derivatives could be due to modification of the metabolism of the carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbon, which must first be activated to exert their effect. Hill and Shih reported that vitamin A compounds and analogs had inhibitory effect on drug metabolizing enzyme from liver and lung tissue of mouse and hamster. Lucy suggested that the chemoprevention effect of vitamin A derivatives is due to reaction with molecular oxygen, and it is possible that inhibition of hydroxybenzpyrene formation is a result of this property. On the other hand, butylated hydroxytoluene which is a potent antioxidant strongly inhibited the formation of mammary tumor induced by dimethylbenranthracene. Also, it was observed that this antioxidant inhibited cancer induction in rats by N-2-fluo-renylacetamide. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of vitamin A derivatives such as retinoic acid and retinoid on drug-metabolizing enzyme and to determine whether riboflavin tetrabutylate or vitamin E could prevent of modify any changes induced by vitamin A delivatives in the rats. The results obtained were as followings. 1) Body weight was significantly reduced by retinoic acid, but not by retinoid. 2) Retinoic acid markedly increased liver weight while retincid showed no effect on liver weight. Treatment of riboflavin tetrabutylate did not affect retinoic acid-induced change in both body weight and liver weight. 3) Both retinoic acid and retinoid remarkably decreased the activity of aminopyrine demethylase. Pretreatment of riboflavin tetrabutylate, however, prevented inhibitory effect of retinoic acid on the enzyme activity. 4) No significant effect of vitamin E on aminopyrine demethylase was observed in both groups treated with retinoic acid and retinoid.

화장품에 이용되는 안료의 기능

이향우,강세훈,남기대 ( H . W . Lee,S . H . Kang,K . D . Nam ) 한국유화학회 1994 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.11 No.2

As raw materials, the inorganic pigments, such as mica, talc and some metal oxides were mainly used in Make-Up cosmetics. Some other polymerics, organics and functional pigments were also used to cope with the various consumer`s demends. Recently, excellent sliding, adhensiveness, coverture and UV cutting properties were strongly required in Make-Up cosmetics. According to these demends, it needs to understand the functional properties of each pigment and consider the proper use for some purpose. And so, this report introduce the properties of inorganics, polymerics and functional pigments and their application fields for Make-Up cosmetics.