중국 연변 지역어 격조사 교체 현상에 대한 연구 : 부사격조사와 목적격조사의 교체 현상을 중심으로

최화(Cui Hua) 동북아시아문화학회 2011 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.27

This paper is focused on the alternation phenomenon of case markers and tried to clarify the causes which the directional case markers and the instrumental case markers institute the object case markers between the alternation phenomenon of the adverbial case markers and the object case markers in Yanbian region language. This paper is focused on the practical forms of the case markers in daily life than theoretical possibilities of alternation of the case markers. This paper adopts the view that the alternation phenomenon of the adverbial case markers and the object case markers is associated with the structure of article and tries to research the causes of the substitute of case markers based on the principles of hierarchical connection after analyzing the surface structure and deep structure. This paper is expected to contribute to understanding the case markers in Yanbian region language.

중국 연변 지역어 반말에 대한 연구

최화 ( Hua Cui ) 배달말학회 2012 배달말 Vol.51 No.-

This paper is concerned with whether the hae(banmal)in Yanbian region in China exist in the concrete style on the bases of the reality that the representative style of the hae don`t exist in Yanbian region in China. In this paper, the definition of the hae, the standard of the hae, the representative of the hae and the level of the hae in the previous studies are discussed and the questions which caused on applying these theoriesin the language in Yanbian region are discussed. In the processing of answering these questions, this paper tries to draw some conclusions on the hae and the hae style in Yanbian region. As a result, this paper draw a conclusion that the hae exist in the concrete style in Yanbian region and its representative style is ``-지므(무)`` and it is used when try to fuzzy the boundary of the higher level of the hae as a level which is lower than ``하십시오체`` but higher than ``해라체``. This paper also investigates the realization situation of the style of the hae through dividing it into declarative law, imperative law and interrogative law. This paper is significant on referring the fact that the hae in Yanbian region in China exist in the concrete style on the bases of the previous studies in Korea and the concrete styles. This paper is also significant on investigating the relative higher situation before ``해요체`` is developed.

일반 논문 : 중국 연변 지역어 처격 조사의 의미기능에 대한 연구

최화 ( Hua Cui ) 조선대학교 인문학연구원 2010 인문학연구 Vol.0 No.40

이 연구의 목적은 중국 연변 지역어의 처격 조사의 형태별 의미기능을 살펴보는 데 있다. 중국 연변 지역어에서 처격 조사는 일반적인 처격 조사 형태인 ``-에``를 포함하여 ``-에서, -(에)다, -(에)다가, -에가, -한테, -ㄴ데, -인데, -보구``의 형태로 나타난다. 또한, 이 지역어의 처격 조사는 목적격 조사와 공동격 조사의 형태로 실현되기도 한다. 이런 형태들은 각자의 의미기능을 수행하는 것을 통하여 처격 조사의 한 부분을 구성한다. 따라서 이들 형태들의 의미기능을 밝히는 것은 연변 지역어 처격 조사의 실현 양상을 파악하는데 도움이 될 것이다. 분석결과, 처격 조사의 대표형인 ``-에``는 [+장소], [+범위], [+조건], [+원인(이유)]의 의미기능이 확인되었다. ``-에서``는 [+활동배경], [+출처]의 의미기능이, ``-에다``는 [+놓이는 장소], [+곁들임] 또는 [+추가함]의 의미기능이, ``-에다가``는 [+놓이는 장소]의 의미기능과 함께 화용론적인 [초점(강조)]의 의미기능이, ``-에가``는 [+변경된 장소]의 의미기능이 확인되었다. 처격 조사 ``-ㄴ데(인데)``는 [+종착점], [+수혜자], [+행동주]의 의미기능이, ``-한테``는 ``-ㄴ데``가 갖는 의미기능 외에 화용론적 의미기능인 [+강조(초점)]의 의미기능이, ``-보구``는 [+행위지시(行爲指示)]의 의미기능이 확인되었다. 처격과 교체를 이루는 ``-으/르``는 [+피사동주], [+수혜자]의 의미기능을, ``-까``는 [+수동성(受動性)]의 의미기능을, ``-하구``는 [+수동성(受動性)]의 의미기능과 함께 [+강조]의 화용론적 의미기능을 하는 것으로 나타났다. The Purpose of this study is investigating meanings and functions of the locative cases by types in Yanbian region language of China. The locative cases in Yanbian region language of China are appeared through ``-에서, -(에)다, -(에)다가, -에가, -한테, -ㄴ데, -인데, -보구``types, excepting for general type``-에``. Furthermore, the locative cases in this region are also appeared in types of purpose locative case and common locative case. These types form one part of the locative casesthrough performing their meanings and functions. So illuminating meanings and functions of these types of locative cases is helpful to identify the patterns of locative cases in Yanbian region language of China. As a result, the typical type ``-에`` is confirmed as the meanings and functions of the [+place], [+range], [+condition] and [+reason]. ``-에서`` is confirmed as the meaning and functions of the [+background] and [+course]. ``-에다`` is confirmed as the meanings and functions of the [+place of putting things], [+garnish] and [+addition]. ``-에다가`` is confirmed as the meanings and functions of the [+place of putting things] and also confirmed as the pragmatic meanings and functions of the [focus(emphasis)]. ``-에가`` is confirmed as the meanings and functions of the [+changed place]. The locative case ``-ㄴ데(인데)`` is confirmed as the meanings and functions of the [+terminal], [+beneficiaries], [+actor]. ``-한테``is confirmed as the pragmatic meanings and functions of [focus(emphasis)] excepting the meanings and functions of which``-ㄴ데.``is keeping. and``-보구``is confirmed as the meanings and functions of the [+directed behavior]. ``-으/르`` which substituted the locative case is confirmed as the meanings and functions of the [+causee] and [+beneficiaries]. ``-까``is confirmed as the meanings and functions of the [+passivity] and at last``-하구``is confirmed as the meanings and functions of the [+passivity] and also confirmed as the pragmatic meanings and functions of the [+emphasis].

중국 연변 지역어 주격조사의 식별에 관한 연구

최화 ( Hua Cui ) 배달말학회 2011 배달말 Vol.48 No.-

본고에서는 중국 연변 지역어의 주어 명사구에 ``-이``, ``-이가``, ``-(이)랑``, ``-(이)라메``, ``-란게(랑게, 라는게, ㄴ게)``, ``-(이)사``의 형태가 실현되는 현상에 주목하여 이들 형태를 주격조사로 볼 수 있는지에 대하여 검토하였다. 결과, 이 지역어에는 주격조사 ``-가``의 형태가 존재하지 않고, ``-이가``의 ``-가``는 주격조사의 지위를 획득하는 과정 중에 나타난 과도기적 형태임을 밝히었다. 그리고 ``-(이)랑``, ``-(이)라메``, ``-(이)란게(랑게, 라는게, ㄴ게)``, ``-(이)사`` 역시 문법적 기능보다는 특수의미를 더해주는 특수조사임을 밝혔다. 여기에 연변 지역어에 [+존대]를 나타내는 주격조사 ``-께서``가 존재하지 않는 현상도 언급하였다. 본고는 중국 연변 지역어에서 실제 사용되고 있는 구두어(口頭語)를 연구자료로 삼아, 주격조사 ``-이``와 주격조사의 과도기적 형태인 ``-이가``가 존재한다는 결론을 도출한 데 의의가 있다. 또한, 이 결론을 도출하는 과정에서 주격조사 ``-가``, ``-께서``가 존재하지 않는 원인을 이들 주격조사의 발달과정과 연변 지역의 역사배경(이주배경)과 결부하여 설명한 것과 조사 ``-이``, ``-이가``, ``-(이)랑``, ``-(이)라메``, ``-(이)란게(랑게, 라는게, ㄴ게)``, ``-(이)사``에 대하여 구체적으로 검토한 것은 이 지역어의 주격조사를 파악하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 예상된다. The purpose of this paper is to see whether the forms of ``-이``, ``-이가``, ``-랑``, ``-란게(랑게, 라는게)``, ``-사`` in subject noun phrases in Yanbian region language of China can be looked as the nominative cases by focusing on the realization phenomenon of these forms. As a result, this paper finds that ``-가``, as the form of nominative case, doesn`t exist in this region and also finds that ``-가`` in ``-이가``, ``-랑``, ``-란게(랑게, 라는게)`` and ``-사``are specific particles which emphasize specific meaning rather than their grammatical functions. Furthermore, this paper also mentions the phenomenon which nominative case ``-께서`` which represents honorific doesn`t exist in Yanbian region. At last, this paper draw a conclusion that nominative case is unique and its form of representation is ``-이`` in Yanbian region. This paper explains the causes which nominative case ``-가`` and ``-께서`` don`t exist in Yanbian region by connecting the developing process of nominative cases and history setting of Yanbian region. And also explains the meaning functions of ``-가`` of ``-이가``, ``-랑``, ``-란게(랑게, 라는게)`` and ``-사``. This paper is significant in drawing a conclusion that the unique form of nominative cases is ``-이`` in Yanbian region by studying oral languagesusing in Yanbian region. this paper is also helpful in comprehending the nominative case in this region through studying cases ``-이``, ``-이가``, ``-랑``, ``-란게(랑게, 라는게)`` and ``-사``on the process of draw this conclusion,

고층건물 풍상면과 풍하면의 기온차

김일 ( Ri Jin ),최화 ( Hua Cui ),어금항 ( Jin Hang Yu ),구희영 ( Hee Yeong Ku ),정해연 ( Hai Yan Zheng ),김문성 ( Wen Cheng Jin ),이규석 ( Kyoo Seock Lee ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2012 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.15 No.1

To investigate the air temperature difference between windward and leeward side at high-rise building area, the air temperature and relative humidity data were observed for 10 minute interval from July 9, 2011 to November 30, 2011. The observed data were compared, analyzed and examined to illustrate air temperature between windward side (H Apartment) and Leeward side (W Apartment). The diurnal and seasonal variation of air temperature difference between windward and leeward site were also investigated. After the analysis, the overheat of windward side by 0.4℃ irrespective short distance of two observation positions. It was also lower than those of surrounding air temperature observing stations. It is mainly due to the air temperature decreasing effects of leeward side of high rise buildings.