흰쥐 뇌 소교세포에서 진세노사이드 Rg3의 Type A Macrophage Scavenger Receptor 발현 증진효과

주성수,황광우,이도익,Joo, Seong-Soo,Hwang, Kwang-Woo,Lee, Do-Ik 대한약학회 2005 약학회지 Vol.49 No.2

Macrophage scavenger receptors (MSRs) induce microglial interaction with ${\beta}$-amyloid fibrils (fA${\beta}$) that are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although microglia are know n to have a dual effect on formation of plaque and clearance of fA${\beta}$ in the AD brain, receptor-mediated phagocytosis is a very important tool for preventing amyloid plaque via activated microglia in the early stage of AD. In the study, we examined whether ginsonoside Rg3 enhances the microglial Phagocytosis of A${\beta}$1-42 through Phagocytosis assay, gene expression (RT-PCR) and protein assay (western blots) for the cell responsiveness presented between Rg3-treated and non-treated groups. Fluro-labeled Ac-LDL and E.coli particles were used as control proteins for phagocytosis. In previous studies, this was a particularly interesting property of Rg3 in the stimulation and phagocytosis of macrophages in the periphery. We report here that ginsenoside Rg3 increased the expression of type-A MSR (MSR-A) in microglia and thus accelerated the phagocytosis with an effective degradation of engulfed fA${\beta}$. This result suggests that Rg3 may play an important role in removing fA${\beta}$ by enhancing the receptor-mediated phagocytosis. In addition, Rg3 could be a potential candidate for balancing the rate of production of fA${\beta}$ in AD brain.

간암세포주 HepG2 2.2.15에서 아만타딘/비페닐디메칠디카르복실레이트 복합제의 항 바이러스 효과

주성수,원태준,이용진,황광우,이도익,Joo, Seong-Soo,Won, Tae-Joon,Lee, Yong-Jin,Hwang, Kwang-Woo,Lee, Do-Ik 대한약학회 2005 약학회지 Vol.49 No.2

For decades, the demand for new antiviral strategies, especially in hepatitis, has increased markedly due to its devastating pathogenic outcome, In the present study, we examin ed the antiviral effect of the combination of amantadine and biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB) in HepG2 2.2.15, which is transfected with HBV DNA. The study demonstrated that the combination not the single treatment may have an anti-HBV effect through a synergism of antiviral, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activities in STAT1 ${\alpha}$, 6-16 gene, and pro-inflammatory components such as nitric oxide and IL-1${\beta}$ expression. In addition, hepatitis B surface and core gene expression were examined as a final end point for the anti-HBV activities, which was also significantly suppressed comparing to normal control (p<0.01).

마우스 간염바이러스(MHV-2)에 의해 유발된 전격성 바이러스간염에 대한 비페닐메칠디카르복실레이트/아만타딘제제의 간보호 및 잠재적 항바이러스효과

주성수,진혁준,원태준,장수길,황광우,이도익,Joo, Seong-Soo,Chin, Hyouk-Jun,Won, Tae-Joon,Jang, Su-Kil,Hwang, Kwang-Woo,Lee, Do-Ik 대한약학회 2007 약학회지 Vol.51 No.3

The mouse hepatitis virus (MHV-2) induces broad collapses, focal necrosis and cytolysis of hepatocytes, and leads to death after three to five days of intraperitoneal injection in mice. The present study investigated whether the combinatorial treatment of dimethyl dicarboxylate/amantadine (2:1) showed hepatoprotective and/or antiviral properties in MHV-2 infected ICR mice. In the study, we found that dimethyl dicarboxylate/amantadine group (VDDBA) increased the survival rate (30.8%) when compared to positive control, VL (7.7%) and that VDDBA lengthened the survival time (4.2 d)after MHV-2 infection. In addition, ALT and AST were well regulated when treated with VDDBA (p<0.01). Finally, we concluded that those results were probably from the inhibition of viral replication and at least antiproliferative effect on MHV-2.

오미자 활성성분 DDB의 NF-${\kappa}B$ 신호 전달 및 염증물질 발현 조절

주성수,유영민,원태준,김민정,이선구,황광우,이도익,Joo, Seong-Soo,Yoo, Yeong-Min,Won, Tae-Joon,Kim, Min-Jung,Lee, Seon-Goo,Hwang, Kwang-Woo,Lee, Do-Ik 대한면역학회 2006 Immune Network Vol.6 No.1

Background: Chronic inflammation in the brain has known to be associated with the development of a various neurological diseases including dementia. In general, the characteristic of neuro-inflammation is the activated microglia over the brain where the pathogenesis occurs. Pro-inflammatory repertoires, interleukin-1${\beta}$ (IL-1${\beta}$) and nitric oxide (NO), are the main causes of neuro-degenerative disease, particularly in Alzheimer's disease (AD) which is caused by neuronal destruction. Those pro-inflammatory repertoires may lead the brain to chronic inflammatory status, and thus we hypothesized that chronic inflammation would be inhibited when pro-inflammatory repertoires are to be well controlled by inactivating the signal transduction associated with inflammation. Methods: In the present study, we examined whether biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB), an active compound from Schizandra chinensis Baillon, inhibits the NO production by a direct method using Griess reagent and by RT-PCR in the gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and IL-1${\beta}$. Western blots were also used for the analysis of NF-${\kappa}B$ and I${\kappa}B$. Results: In the study, we found that DDB effectively inhibited IL-1${\beta}$ as well as NO production in BV-2 microglial cell, and the translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ was comparably inhibited in the presence of DDB comparing those to the positive control, lipopolysaccharide. Conclusion: The data suggested that the DDB from Schizandra chinensis Baillon may play an effective role in inhibiting the pro-inflammatory repertoires which may cause neurodegeneration and the results imply that the compound suppresses a cue signal of the microglial activation which can induce the brain pathogenesis such as Alzheimer's disease.

B 세포의 항체 생산에 대한 게란티 바이오-게르마늄 효모의 영향

주성수,원태준,이용진,김민정,박소영,이성희,이도익,황광우,Joo, Seong-Soo,Won, Tae-Joon,Lee, Yong-Jin,Kim, Min-Jung,Park, So-Young,Lee, Sung-Hee,Lee, Do-Ik,Hwang, Kwang-Woo 대한면역학회 2006 Immune Network Vol.6 No.2

Background: Germanium compounds are increased to use in nutrient foods and medicines in terms of antibiotics to microbes, anticancer, modulation of immune system and neutralizing heavy metal toxins. Geranti Bio-Ge Yeast, containing stable organic germanium and bound to the yeast protein was developed by Geranti Pharm. LTD. and the modulation effect in the immune system was examined in vivo and in vitro. Methods: The compound, Geranti Bio-Ge Yeast, was fed to female Balb/c mice (each group has 10 mice) for 4 weeks and the yeast powder and steamed red ginseng powder were used as control during the same feeding time points. During 4 weeks there was no symptom to be considered, and after 4 weeks feeding all mice were sacrificed to check the changes of related immune cells and subsidiary responses (i.e. cell counting, FACS, MTT, LDH, PFC assay). Results: In pre-post comparison, B cell population was increased in the group of Geranti Bio-Ge Yeast in a dose dependent manner (100 to 800 mg/kg). However, the population of T cell, dendritic cell and macrophage was not comparably changed in all doses. The ability of cytokine production and proliferation was almost same level as shown in control group. In contrast, PFC assay informed that the compound increase the antibody production ability when fed over 200 mg/kg implying that the increase of PFC number might be due to the increase of B cells. Conclusion: Over the entire study, we concluded that the compound, Geranti Bio-Ge Yeast has better potential in immune response in terms of B cell proliferation than that of positive control, red ginseng, and the compound can be one of the future candidates for a new supplementary source improving immune system activity.

Lactobacillus plantarum 발효 식물추출물질(MBN)의 in vitro 및 in vivo 발모 효과

주성수(Seong Soo Joo) 한국식품과학회 2011 한국식품과학회지 Vol.43 No.3

실험물질은 두피건강 및 발모에 유용한 소재를 혼합하여 열수 추출한 후 유산균에 발효시킨 2차 발효물질로서 고기능성이 예상되는 물질이다. C57BL/6 마우스의 등을 제모하고 실험물질을 처리하였을 때 암 수 모두에서 양성대조군인 minoxidil과 비교하였을 때 동등이상의 우수한 발모효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 특히 수컷의 경우 200 mg/kg 이하의 농도에서 우수한 효과가 관찰되었고 암컷에서는 고용량인 500 mg/kg까지 현저한 발모효과가 관찰되어 성별 처치 용량에 차이가 있는 것으로 사료되었다. 또한 양성대조군 minoxidil이 신속한 발모효과를 보이는 반면 털의 긁기가 감소하는 현상이 관찰되었으나 실험물질을 처리한 군에서는 제모전과 동등이상의 굵기를 유지하였다. 이러한 발모효과를 확인하기위해 모발성장관련 유전자 발현을 분석한 결과 실험물질이 KGF, VEGF 등의 모발성장촉진인자의 발현을 증가시키는 반면 탈모를 유도하는 TGFβ1의 발현에는 반응을 하지 않아 유용한 발모제제로서의 가능성이 입증되었다. 더불어 실험물질에 의한 NO 분비가 두피의 혈류개선을 유도하여 탈모억제효능을 나타낼 것으로 사료되어 발효생약추출물인 MBN이 모발성장 및 탈모예방제제로의 개발이 가능 할 것으로 기대된다. This study investigated the effect of herbal extracts fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum (MBN) on hair growth in C57BL/6 mice and HaCaT cells. Five week old mice were applied with MBN topically (0.2 mL) once per for 21 days. Hair regrowth was evaluated by gross examination and verified by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFβ1), relevant to hair growth, were examined. The data revealed that MBN successfully promoted hair growth in both male and female mice at a dose between 200-500 mg/kg and improved hair thickness. The VEGF and KGF genes were expressed in a dose-dependant manner, whereas TGFβ1 was not expressed. Moreover, nitric oxide was significantly increased, suggesting an improvement in blood flow. These results indicate that MBN effectively promoted hair growth and gene expression relevant to hair growth in an animal model.

난소절제 랫드에서 회화나무 이소플라본의 갱년기증산 개선효과 및 신경세포 보호효과

주성수(Seong Soo Joo),원태준(Tae Joon Won),이용진(Yong Jin Lee),박소영(So Young Park),황광우(Kwang Woo Hwang),이도익(Do IK Lee) 대한약학회 2005 약학회지 Vol.49 No.4

Isoflavones are reported to play a role in menopausal women as a phytoestrogen, which can replace estradiols in hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Recently, due to the risk of breast cancer by HRT, phytoestrogens (e.g. isoflavones) have been focused as an alternative therapy in menopause. In the study, we investigated whether isoflavones derived from Sophorae fructus (SISO) have more benefit than that of soybean isoflavones in estrogen deficient rats. We found that SISO effectively controled H₂O₂ comparing with the baseline (p<0.01 vs. post value of OVX-Cont), and the blood sugar and weight were also controlled with decreasing patterns. Additionally, in LDH assay for cytoprotective effect in Neuro-2a cell line, SISO protected cells from the damage by SNAP (p <0.05). In conclusion, SISO may have more beneficial effect in enhancing the menopausal signs than that of soybean isoflavones and the cytoprotective effect in neuron cells suggests that SISO can play a certain role in neuroprotection after menopause.

생쥐 뇌소교세포주에서 웅담추출활성성분(우르소데옥시콜린산)의 항산화 및 세포보호효과

주성수(Seong-Soo Joo),김성근(Seong-Kun Kim),유영민(Yeong-Min Yoo),류인왕(In-Wang Ryu),김경훈(Kyunghoon Kim),이도익(Do-Ik Lee) 한국식품과학회 2006 한국식품과학회지 Vol.38 No.3

랑게르한스세포에서 IL-1β MRNA발현에 대한 Pedunculagin의 효과

주성수(Seong Soo Joo),권희승(Hee Seung Kwon),강희철(Hee Chul Kang),이도익(Do Ik Lee) 대한약학회 2002 약학회지 Vol.46 No.6

Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) serves as a good model of cell-mediated reaction. Epidermal langerhans cell (LC) are thought to play a crucial role in the regulation of immune reaction of the skin, which elicit the CHS response by presenting Antigen to trafficking Ag-specific T cells within the skin. Howeverl contact hypersensitivity is regarded as a nog-ative side of immunities, caused by increased damaging immune response. Therefore, the study of effector molecule causing immune suppression is thought to be meaningful in the skin immune response. Fdr this aim, this study investigated the influence of pedunculagin on cytokine, IL-1β expression from langerhans cell (LC). In vitro and in vivo, pedunculagin up-regulated the expression of IL-lβ MRNA. After PMA stimulation in vitro and DNFB sensitization in vivo, the expression of IL-1β MRNA was down-regulated. This results suggested that pedunculagin could be immuno-modulator in skin immune system by modulating IL-lβexpression.

오리나무유래 디아릴헵타노이드 허수테논의 T 세포활성억제 및 항아토피 효능연구

이도익(Do Ik Lee),서성준(Seong Jun Seo),주성수(Seong Soo Joo) 한국식품과학회 2013 한국식품과학회지 Vol.45 No.4

본 연구에서는 오리나무유래 HST의 T 세포 비활성화 효능을 확인하고 그 기전을 탐색하여 새로운 항아토피 천연소재로의 개발 가능성을 제시하고자 하였다. HST는 T 세포 mitogen으로서 anti-CD3 mAb가 처리 된 마우스 비장에서 Th 사이토카인(IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10)의 발현을 효과적으로 억제하였으며, T 세포 early activation marker인 CD25 유전자 발현이 INCA-6에서 매우 효과적으로 억제되는 것으로 보아, NFAT inactivator-유사 NFAT 탈인산화 억제 기전을 가지는 것으로 예측되었다. 또한 세포주기조절 단백질인 p21과 p27의 유전자도 HST에 의해 upregulation이 되어 효과적인 T 세포 증식 및 분화를 억제할 것으로 생각되었다. 이러한 세포주기조절 효과는 AD를 악화시키는 세균인 S. aureus 성장억제 실험에서 확인되어 향후 항박테리아 효능을 갖는 우수한 항아토피피부염 천연소재로서 HST의 활용 가치가 높을 것으로 판단된다. Recently, we reported that diarylheptanoid hirsutenone (HST) effectively inactivated T lymphocytes. However, it has not been evaluated whether HST is involved in calcineurin or calmodulin inactivation. In the present study, cells were treated with T-cell inhibitors with or without HST. Our results revealed that HST successfully inhibited expression of T-helper type I (Th1) and Th2 cytokines. Co-treatment with HST and nuclear factor-activated T cell (NFAT) activation inhibitor III (INCA-6) showed a more sensitive effect than that with other inhibitors, suggesting that HST contributes to inhibition of dephosphorylation of NFAT in the cytosol. HST up-regulated cell cycle arrest genes and inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. These effects were confirmed in an NFAT electrophoretic-mobility shift assay via successful inhibition of NFAT translocation and in the histological recovery in a 2,4-dinitrochloro benzene-induced in vivo model. Taken together, HST was shown to effectively inhibit T-cell activation via inhibition of cytosolic NFAT dephosphorylation, similar to INCA-6.