http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
젖소에서 유성분 분석을 통한 영양상태 평가 및 건강관리에 관한 연구 III. 고능력우 위주의 대규모 목장에서 우유중 단백질과 요소태질소 수준이 수태율에 미치는 영향
문진산,주이석,장금찬,윤용덕,이보균,박용호,손창호,Moon, Jin-san,Joo, Yi-seok,Jang, Gum-chan,Yoon, Yong-dhuk,Lee, Bo-kyeun,Park, Young-ho,Son, Chang-ho 대한수의학회 2000 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.40 No.2
Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) determination is being used an indicator of the protein-energy balance in dairy herds. A faulty balance can be corrected to optimize milk production and animal health. This parameter is regarded as a potential tool to evaluate suboptimal feeding practices and reproductive disorders. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the response of milk composition by regular feeding analysis and to compared the relationship between MUN and milk protein(MP) and fertility at the insemination period in Holstein dairy cows. Total of 355 artificial insemination (AI) for 150 Holstein cows in the herd were used to examine the relationship between MUN and MP content and conception rate. The AI occured for the cows 50 to 150 day in milk, and MUN and MP concentration were determined using automated infrared procedures. The mean${\pm}$standard deviation of MUN and MP concentration in the herd were $15.6{\pm}2.1mg/dl$ and $3.23{\pm}0.38%$, respectively. MUN contents of bulk milk were increase by elevated crude protein intake. The conception rate was lower in the cows in which the level of MUN was lower than > 8.0mg/dl (10.0%) or > higher than 25mg/dl (15.4%) relative to the cows in MUN content of 12.0~17.9 mg/dl (36.7%) at the time of insemination. Also, lower MP than 3.0% or higher MP than 3.25% were associated with a lower conception rates. Consequently, MUN and MP analyses may be used serve as a monitoring tool of protein and energy nutritional balance to improve reproduction efficiency in Holstein dairy cows.
가자(Terminaliae chebula) 추출물의 젖소 유방염 주요 원인체 및 메치실린내성 황색포도상구균(MRSA)에 대한 항균효과
강현미,문진산,장금찬,김종만,송민동,양시용,Kang, Hyun-Mi,Moon, Jin-San,Jang, Gum-Chan,Kim, Jong-Man,Song, Min-Dong,Yang, Si-Yong 대한수의학회 2005 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.45 No.1
Resistance to antibiotics is a problem all over the world, and this problem also is so extended in veterinary fields. Therefore, this study aimed to find out the antibacterial substances from natural medicinal herbs against bovine mastitis pathogens, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Among seventy two medicinal herbs, Terminaliae chebula extract showed antimicrobial effect against MRSA isolated from mastitis milk in cow and patient in human. However, Terminaliae chebula extract didn't show antibacterial effects on various strains including other contagious and environmental pathogens related with mastitis of dairy cows.
젖소에서 유성분 분석을 통한 영양상태 평가 및 건강관리에 관한 연구 IV. 고능력우 위주의 대규모 목장에서 분만 후 첫 번째 유검정 성적과 제4위전위 질병과의 관련성
문진산,손창호,주이석,강현미,장금찬,김종만,Moon, Jin-san,Son, Chang-ho,Joo, Yi-seok,Kang, Hyun-mi,Jang, Gum-chan,Kim, Jong-man 대한수의학회 2001 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.41 No.3
Milk data may be increasingly used as indicators of the protein-energy balance and actual farm feeding practices. It was related to milk production, nutritional and reproductive disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between level of fat, protein or milk urea nitrogen (MUN) from the first test within 35 days in milk and displaced abomasum (DA) in a large dairy herd with high yielding Holstein cows. Milk data from forty-five DA cases were compared to those from 90 healthy cows. Higher odds of DA diagnosis was found with higher 5.0% milk fat, lower 3.0% milk protein. Therefore, cows with a fat to protein ratio of>1.5 had higher risks for DA. Also, incidence rates of DA was higher in the cows which the level of MUN was lower than 12.0 mg/dl or higher than 25.0 mg/dl relative to healthy cows. These results indicate that cows diagnosed with DA were energy deficient prior to DA diagnosis. We conclude that level of fat, protein or MUN serve as a monitoring tool of protein and energy nutritional balance in early lactation cows and also as a significant predictor of risk for DA.
젖소에서 유성분 분석을 통한 영양상태 평가 및 건강관리에 관한 연구 II. 우유중 단백질과 요소태질소 농도에 영향을 주는 생리적 요인
문진산(Jin San Moon),주이석(Yi Seok Joo),임숙경(Suk Kyung Im),장금찬(Gum Chan Jang),윤용덕(Yong Dhuk Yoon),위성환(Sung Hwan Wee),이보균(Bo Kyeun Lee),박용호(Young Ho Park),손창호(Chang Ho Son) 한국예방수의학회 2000 예방수의학회지 Vol.24 No.2
유성분 측정에 의하여 젖소의 영양상태를 평가분석하여 젖소의 건강과 생산성을 향상시키기 위하여 1998년 11월부터 1999년 12월까지 전국 1.099개 목장 27,495두의 착유우를 대상으로 산차별, 비유일령별 유성분의 변화와 유성분치와 산유량 그리고 젖소 체점수(BCS)와의 관련성을 비교ㆍ조사하였다. 유단백질은 초산우에 비하여 경산우가 높았고 분만 후 비유일령이 경과됨에 따라 유량은 점점 줄어들지만 반대로 유지율과 단백질율은 늘어나고 유당율은 모든 비유기간 동안 큰 변동을 보이지 않았다. 우유중 요소태질소 수준은 초산우가 경산우에 비하여 상대적으로 낮은 수치를 보였으며, 비유일령별로는 분만후 30일 이내의 우유에서 가장 높은 농도를 보인 뒤 점차적으로 감소한 후 모든 비유기간 동안 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 우유중 요소태질소 수준은 유량에 큰 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 조사되었다. 하지만 이러한 생리적 요인에 의한 차이는 매우 미세한 것으로 나타났다. 한편 체점수 상태에 따른 우유중 요소태질소 수준은 비유초기의 체점수 2.50 이하와 3.25 이상에서 적정상태보다 상대적으로 낮은 우유중 요소태질소 수준을 나타내었으며, 비유중기와 말기에는 적정기준보다 체점수 값이 높을 때 상대적으로 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 우유중 요소태질소와 다른 유성분과의 관계에서는 우유중 요소태질소와 유당과는 반비례적인 상관 관계(r=-0.41)를 나타내었다. 이와 같이 유단백질과 우유중 요소태질소를 측정하여 젖소의 영양상태를 평가할 때에는 검사결과에 영향을 줄 수 있는 젖소의 생리적 변화를 고려해야 젖소의 영양상태를 좀 더 정확하게 평가할 수 있을 것이다. Milk urea nitrogen(MUN)and milk protein(MP) increasingly used as indicators of the protein-energy balance, the actual farm feeding practice and the related nutritional disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine biological relationships among milk production, body condition score(BCS) and milk composition and to investigate the effects of parity, milk yield, days in lactation, somatic cell count on MUN and MP in Holstein dairy cows. Milk yield and milk composition were strongly influenced by stage of lactation, parity and condition of mastitis in cows. After initiation of lactation, milk yield was peaked at approximately 31~60 day in milk for each parity and reached negative energy balance of body fat. Milk fat and protein contents were the highest initially and decreased until about 31 tc 60 day into lactation, and increased thereafter. High parity was associated with high MUN levels. MUN content was increased during the first 30 days of lactation and decreased until the end of lactation. The condition of body fat by stage of lactation influenced in MUN level. A significant relationship between milk lactose and MUN contents was found(r=-0.41). Therefore, when MUN and MP analysis are used for gross diagnosis of protein-energy balance and feeding management practice at the farm level, the relationships between MUN and MP in parity, daily milk yield, days in milk, and BCS need to be considered.
안전하고 위생적인 우유생산을 위한 HACCP 시스템 적용에 관한 연구 I. 목장에서 원유 생산단계별 HACCP 수행을 위한 선행조건
문진산(Jin San Moon),주이석(Yi Seok Joo),임숙경(Suk Kyung Im),장금찬(Gum Chan Jang),김종염(Jong Yeom Kim),표수일(Su Il Pyo),사혁(Hyuck Sa),박용호(Young Ho Park) 한국예방수의학회 1999 예방수의학회지 Vol.23 No.2
우유와 유제품은 인체의 생명활동과 체력유지를 위해 필요한 영양소를 균형있게 갖춘 완전식품으로 그 영양학적 가치가 높아 소비량이 날로 증가되고 있지만, 우유유래 위해요소에 대한 체계적인 관리가 이루어지지 못한다면, 인체에 유해한 질병이나 손상을 줄 수 있을 것이다. 그러므로 위생적이고 안전성 있는 우유을 생산하기 위해서는 원유 생산단계에서부터 가공, 처리 및 유통단계 전반에 걸쳐 종합적이고, 체계적인 관리체계가 요구되어진다. 원유의 품질은 유제품의 품질과 직접적으로 연결되므로 원유의 품질은 매우 중요하다. 이러한 견지에서 목장에서 위해요소에 대한 검사 및 규제강화가 필연적으로 수반될 수 밖에 없는 실정이다. 하지만, 국내 축산업의 취약성 등의 현실을 감안할 때 생산자인 낙농가의 심리적 부담이 한층 가중될 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 목장에서 HACCP 시스템을 적용하면 위생적이고 안전성 높은 우유를 소비자에게 공급할 수 있으며, 목장에서는 유질향상에 따른 경제적 소득 증대와 질병감소에 따른 생산성 향상으로 국내 축산발전의 새로운 계기를 마련할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. HACCP is a management tool that provides a more structured approach to the control of identified hazards than that achievable by traditional inspection and quality control procedures. HACCP has international recognition as the most effective means of controlling foodborne disease and is endorsed as such by the joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission. When implementing HACCP in a dairy farm, the first step is to review existing programs to verify if all the prerequisite requirements are met and if all the necessary control and documentation are in place. Prerequisite programs are evaluated for their cenformance to the minimum requirements. The effectiveness of the programs is monitored and the required records are properly maintained. All milk for pasteurization shall be from herd under a brucellosis and tuberculosis eradication program. Cows which show evidence of the secretion of abnormal milk in one or more quarters based upon bacteriological, chemical, or physical examination, shall be milked last or with separate equipment and the milk shall be discarded. The microbiological, chemical, and physical tests shall be conduced in accordance with standard method for the examination of water. Also, milk containers and equipment must be cleaned and sanitised. The HACCP system is an important tool for production of safety and hygienic quality of raw milk from farms.
안전하고 위생적인 우유생산을 위한 HACCP 시스템 적용에 관한 연구 III. 목장원유의 미생물학적 위생상태 조사
문진산(Jin San Moon),주이석(Yi Seok Joo),임숙경(Suk Kyung Im),장금찬(Gum Chan Jang),김종염(Jong Yeom Kim),표수일(Su Il Pyo),사혁(Hyuck Sa),김태훈(Tae Hoon Kim),박용호(Young Ho Park) 한국예방수의학회 1999 예방수의학회지 Vol.23 No.4
In order to investigate the relationship between milk hygienic quality and some environmental factors such as the herd size, types of milking machines and installation of cowyard’ roof, we sampled and examined the level of total bacterial count, coliforms and Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk. Of the 108 dairy farms, the prevalence of level on number of standard plate count(SPC) over 100,000 CFU/ml and coliforms over 1,000 CFU/ml in bulk milk were 29.7% and 25.2%, respectively. Also, 3 farms (2.8%) were exceeed the level on number of 500 CFU/ml Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk. The prevalence of dairy herd with first grade of total bacterial count(TBC) according to Bucket, pipe line and parlour milking system was 53.6%, 80.0% and 88.9%, respectively. Also, the prevalence for first grade of TBC with herd installation and no installation of cowyard’ roof was 86.2% and 55.4%, respectively. Therefore, the relationships between hygienic quality in raw milk and the herd size, types of milking machines and installation of cowyard’ roof, were siginificant. In conclusion, this study could be overemphasized the importance of herd management condition for milk hygienic quality.
젖소에서 유성분 분석을 통한 영양상태 평가 및 건강관리에 관한 연구 I. 우유중 단백질 및 요소태질소 분석시 변화 요인
문진산(Jin San Moon),주이석(Yi Seok Joo),임숙경(Suk Kyung Im),장금찬(Gum Chan Jang),윤용덕(Yong Dhuk Yoon),위성환(Sung Hwan Wee),이보균(Bo Kyeun Lee),박용호(Young Ho Park),손창호(Chang Ho Son) 한국예방수의학회 2000 예방수의학회지 Vol.24 No.2
Milk urea nitrogen(MUN) and milk protein(MP) are increasingly used as indicators of the protein-energy balance, the actual farm feeding practice and the related nutritional disorders. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecing on the MUN and MP concentration by sampling procedures, condition of mastitis and addition of preservatives such as potassium dichromate and azidiol. MUN and MP contents were determined using automated infrared procedures. The association between morning and evening MP and MUN contents was determined in 83 individual cow samples from different herds. The mean±standard deviation of morning MUN concentration (17.4±2.1mg/dl) in the 6 herds was similar to that of evening MUN concentration of the lactating cows from the same herd. A significant relationship between morning and evening milk samples of these parameters was found, r=0.93. However differences in MUN level by sampling procedures and addition of presevative such as 0.2% potassium dichromate were observed. A high somatic cell over 3,000,000 in individual cow milk was generally associated with a low MUN value. Thereby, the difference of MUN level on clinical mastitic milk was observed. Therefore, these non-nutritional factors need to be considered when MUN and MP analysis is used for gross diagnosis of protein-energy balance and feeding mangement practice at the farm level. 우유중 요소태질소(MUN) 분석시 검사결과에 영향을 줄 수 있는 여러 요인 즉, 시료 채취방법과 시기, 분석시 원유처리 온도, 보존제 종류, 유방염 감염유무에 따른 영향 등을 비교ㆍ조사하기 위하여 경기도 등 전국소재 951개 목장 27,597개의 분방별, 개체별 우유를 대상으로 유성분을 측정하였다. 우유 채취시기 즉 아침ㆍ저녁우유간의 차이는 거의 없었으나, 첫 젖과 끝 젖 사이의 차이는 매우 심한 것으로 조사되어 시료 채취는 종합우유가 매우 바람직한 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 체세포수가 300만 이상의 원유는 낮은 MUN 수준을 보였으며, 보존제가 처리되지 않는 우유에 비하여 potassium dichromate 첨가시는 대조군보다 평균 3mg/dl의 높은 결과를 나타내어 MUN 검사시 보존제로 potassium dichromate를 사용할 경우에는 결과 판독시 보정 factor를 설정하여 사용해야 함을 고려해야 할 것이며, 보존제로는 azidiol이 좀 더 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같이 젖소의 영양상태를 평가하기 위해 유단백질과 MUN를 분석할 때에는 정확한 기기 보정과 올바른 시료채취 및 결과해석이 필요로 한다.