국제분과 : 세계 낙농사양 발전 방향

이보균(Bo Kyeun Lee) 한국동물자원과학회 ( 구 한국축산학회 ) 2001 낙농산업과 기술 Vol.1 No.1

젖소에서 유성분 분석을 통한 우군 건강관리프로그램의 개발

문진산,손창호,이보균,주이석,강현미,김종만,김병태,문현식,Moon, Jin-San,Son, Chang-Ho,Lee, Bo-Kyeun,Joo, Yi-Seok,Kang, Hyun-mi,Kim, Jong-Man,Kim, Byoung-Tae,Moon, Hyun-Sik 대한수의학회 2002 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.42 No.4

The purpose of this study was to develope a computer program to help with gross diagnosis of protein-energy balance and feeding management practice and with the prediction about the risk possibility of productive disease such as reproductive and metabolic disorders by evaluating fat, protein, and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) from individual cow milk in dairy herd Somatic cell counts also represent the condition of udder health. The principal flow charts of this program was to check on herd management, sampling the composite milk, analysis the milk composition, conversion of data from milking equipment to program, input and analysis of data in program, and report. This program is compatible with window 95/98 system. The major analytical elements of this program were presented as; the profile of herd lactation curve analysis of the test-day milk production level, the distribution of somatic cell count, the fat to protein ratio to evaluate body energy balance, and the interpretation of dietary protein-energy balance by milk protein and MUN contents for individual cows. This program using milk fat, protein, MUN, and somatic cell counts will serve as a monitoring tool for the protein-energy balance and the feeding management practice, and for distribution of mastitis in individual cows. It will also be used to manage the nutritional and reproductive disorders and mastitis at the farm level.

젖소에서 유성분 분석을 통한 영양상태 평가 및 건강관리에 관한 연구 III. 고능력우 위주의 대규모 목장에서 우유중 단백질과 요소태질소 수준이 수태율에 미치는 영향

문진산,주이석,장금찬,윤용덕,이보균,박용호,손창호,Moon, Jin-san,Joo, Yi-seok,Jang, Gum-chan,Yoon, Yong-dhuk,Lee, Bo-kyeun,Park, Young-ho,Son, Chang-ho 대한수의학회 2000 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.40 No.2

Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) determination is being used an indicator of the protein-energy balance in dairy herds. A faulty balance can be corrected to optimize milk production and animal health. This parameter is regarded as a potential tool to evaluate suboptimal feeding practices and reproductive disorders. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the response of milk composition by regular feeding analysis and to compared the relationship between MUN and milk protein(MP) and fertility at the insemination period in Holstein dairy cows. Total of 355 artificial insemination (AI) for 150 Holstein cows in the herd were used to examine the relationship between MUN and MP content and conception rate. The AI occured for the cows 50 to 150 day in milk, and MUN and MP concentration were determined using automated infrared procedures. The mean${\pm}$standard deviation of MUN and MP concentration in the herd were $15.6{\pm}2.1mg/dl$ and $3.23{\pm}0.38%$, respectively. MUN contents of bulk milk were increase by elevated crude protein intake. The conception rate was lower in the cows in which the level of MUN was lower than > 8.0mg/dl (10.0%) or > higher than 25mg/dl (15.4%) relative to the cows in MUN content of 12.0~17.9 mg/dl (36.7%) at the time of insemination. Also, lower MP than 3.0% or higher MP than 3.25% were associated with a lower conception rates. Consequently, MUN and MP analyses may be used serve as a monitoring tool of protein and energy nutritional balance to improve reproduction efficiency in Holstein dairy cows.

젖소에서 유성분 분석을 통한 영양상태 평가 및 건강관리에 관한 연구 I. 우유중 단백질 및 요소태질소 분석시 변화 요인

문진산(Jin San Moon),주이석(Yi Seok Joo),임숙경(Suk Kyung Im),장금찬(Gum Chan Jang),윤용덕(Yong Dhuk Yoon),위성환(Sung Hwan Wee),이보균(Bo Kyeun Lee),박용호(Young Ho Park),손창호(Chang Ho Son) 한국예방수의학회 2000 예방수의학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Milk urea nitrogen(MUN) and milk protein(MP) are increasingly used as indicators of the protein-energy balance, the actual farm feeding practice and the related nutritional disorders. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecing on the MUN and MP concentration by sampling procedures, condition of mastitis and addition of preservatives such as potassium dichromate and azidiol. MUN and MP contents were determined using automated infrared procedures. The association between morning and evening MP and MUN contents was determined in 83 individual cow samples from different herds. The mean±standard deviation of morning MUN concentration (17.4±2.1mg/dl) in the 6 herds was similar to that of evening MUN concentration of the lactating cows from the same herd. A significant relationship between morning and evening milk samples of these parameters was found, r=0.93. However differences in MUN level by sampling procedures and addition of presevative such as 0.2% potassium dichromate were observed. A high somatic cell over 3,000,000 in individual cow milk was generally associated with a low MUN value. Thereby, the difference of MUN level on clinical mastitic milk was observed. Therefore, these non-nutritional factors need to be considered when MUN and MP analysis is used for gross diagnosis of protein-energy balance and feeding mangement practice at the farm level. 우유중 요소태질소(MUN) 분석시 검사결과에 영향을 줄 수 있는 여러 요인 즉, 시료 채취방법과 시기, 분석시 원유처리 온도, 보존제 종류, 유방염 감염유무에 따른 영향 등을 비교ㆍ조사하기 위하여 경기도 등 전국소재 951개 목장 27,597개의 분방별, 개체별 우유를 대상으로 유성분을 측정하였다. 우유 채취시기 즉 아침ㆍ저녁우유간의 차이는 거의 없었으나, 첫 젖과 끝 젖 사이의 차이는 매우 심한 것으로 조사되어 시료 채취는 종합우유가 매우 바람직한 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 체세포수가 300만 이상의 원유는 낮은 MUN 수준을 보였으며, 보존제가 처리되지 않는 우유에 비하여 potassium dichromate 첨가시는 대조군보다 평균 3mg/dl의 높은 결과를 나타내어 MUN 검사시 보존제로 potassium dichromate를 사용할 경우에는 결과 판독시 보정 factor를 설정하여 사용해야 함을 고려해야 할 것이며, 보존제로는 azidiol이 좀 더 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같이 젖소의 영양상태를 평가하기 위해 유단백질과 MUN를 분석할 때에는 정확한 기기 보정과 올바른 시료채취 및 결과해석이 필요로 한다.

젖소에서 유성분 분석을 통한 영양상태 평가 및 건강관리에 관한 연구 II. 우유중 단백질과 요소태질소 농도에 영향을 주는 생리적 요인

문진산(Jin San Moon),주이석(Yi Seok Joo),임숙경(Suk Kyung Im),장금찬(Gum Chan Jang),윤용덕(Yong Dhuk Yoon),위성환(Sung Hwan Wee),이보균(Bo Kyeun Lee),박용호(Young Ho Park),손창호(Chang Ho Son) 한국예방수의학회 2000 예방수의학회지 Vol.24 No.2

유성분 측정에 의하여 젖소의 영양상태를 평가분석하여 젖소의 건강과 생산성을 향상시키기 위하여 1998년 11월부터 1999년 12월까지 전국 1.099개 목장 27,495두의 착유우를 대상으로 산차별, 비유일령별 유성분의 변화와 유성분치와 산유량 그리고 젖소 체점수(BCS)와의 관련성을 비교ㆍ조사하였다. 유단백질은 초산우에 비하여 경산우가 높았고 분만 후 비유일령이 경과됨에 따라 유량은 점점 줄어들지만 반대로 유지율과 단백질율은 늘어나고 유당율은 모든 비유기간 동안 큰 변동을 보이지 않았다. 우유중 요소태질소 수준은 초산우가 경산우에 비하여 상대적으로 낮은 수치를 보였으며, 비유일령별로는 분만후 30일 이내의 우유에서 가장 높은 농도를 보인 뒤 점차적으로 감소한 후 모든 비유기간 동안 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 우유중 요소태질소 수준은 유량에 큰 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 조사되었다. 하지만 이러한 생리적 요인에 의한 차이는 매우 미세한 것으로 나타났다. 한편 체점수 상태에 따른 우유중 요소태질소 수준은 비유초기의 체점수 2.50 이하와 3.25 이상에서 적정상태보다 상대적으로 낮은 우유중 요소태질소 수준을 나타내었으며, 비유중기와 말기에는 적정기준보다 체점수 값이 높을 때 상대적으로 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 우유중 요소태질소와 다른 유성분과의 관계에서는 우유중 요소태질소와 유당과는 반비례적인 상관 관계(r=-0.41)를 나타내었다. 이와 같이 유단백질과 우유중 요소태질소를 측정하여 젖소의 영양상태를 평가할 때에는 검사결과에 영향을 줄 수 있는 젖소의 생리적 변화를 고려해야 젖소의 영양상태를 좀 더 정확하게 평가할 수 있을 것이다. Milk urea nitrogen(MUN)and milk protein(MP) increasingly used as indicators of the protein-energy balance, the actual farm feeding practice and the related nutritional disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine biological relationships among milk production, body condition score(BCS) and milk composition and to investigate the effects of parity, milk yield, days in lactation, somatic cell count on MUN and MP in Holstein dairy cows. Milk yield and milk composition were strongly influenced by stage of lactation, parity and condition of mastitis in cows. After initiation of lactation, milk yield was peaked at approximately 31~60 day in milk for each parity and reached negative energy balance of body fat. Milk fat and protein contents were the highest initially and decreased until about 31 tc 60 day into lactation, and increased thereafter. High parity was associated with high MUN levels. MUN content was increased during the first 30 days of lactation and decreased until the end of lactation. The condition of body fat by stage of lactation influenced in MUN level. A significant relationship between milk lactose and MUN contents was found(r=-0.41). Therefore, when MUN and MP analysis are used for gross diagnosis of protein-energy balance and feeding management practice at the farm level, the relationships between MUN and MP in parity, daily milk yield, days in milk, and BCS need to be considered.

젖소에서 유성분 분석을 통한 영양상태 평가 및 건강관리에 관한 연구 : 1. 우유중 단백질 및 요소태질소 분석시 변화 요인 1. Factors Affecting on Analysis of Milk Protein and Urea Concentrations

문진산,주이석,임숙경,장금찬,윤용덕,위성환,이보균,박용호,손창호 한국수의공중보건학회 2000 예방수의학회지 Vol.24 No.2