지방산 아마이드계 섬유용 유연제 합성과 물성에 대한 연구: Part 2

임철환 ( Chul Hwan Lim ),김두원 ( Doo Won Kim ),노시태 ( Si Tae Noh ) 한국공업화학회 2003 공업화학 Vol.14 No.1

지방산과 폴리아민을 150℃에서 아마이드 반응에 의해 반응시켜 아마이드 결함을 가진 아미도 아민을 제조한 후, 1~3 torr를 3h 동안 유지하여 이미다졸린을 제조하였다. 이렇게 제조한 아미도 아민과 이미다졸린을 dimethyl sulfate (DMS), benzyl chloride (MBC)와 sodium chloroacetate (SMCA)를 사용하여 사급화를 진행하였다. 또한 사급화된 반응물을 유화시키기 위해 유화제를 첨가한 시스템과 첨가하지 않은 시스템으로 구분하여 사급화 유화물을 제조하였다. 폴리아민을 diethylenetriamine (DETA)를 사용한 모든 반응 시스템과 2-(2-Aminoethyl-amino)ethanol (AEEA)를 1:1로 반응한 시스템은 아미도 아민과 이미다졸린을 제조하였으나 2:1인 시스템은 이미다졸린을 제조하지 못했다. 사급화물의 pH에 따른 안정성을 관찰했을 때, 유화제를 첨가한 시스템과 pH가 산성을 띠는 시스템이 좋은 유화 안정성을 나타내고 있으며 유연성의 경우 유화제를 첨가한 아미도 아문이 더 좋은 유연성을 나타내었으며 이미자졸린이 아미도 아민보다 더 우수한 유연성을 나타내었다. 폼 안정성의 경우, 아미도 아민과 이미다졸린 모두 사급화제의 영향에 관계없이 유화제를 첨가한 시스템이 첨가하지 않은 시스템 보다 더 많은 기포를 생성하였다. 대전 방지성의 경우, 유화제를 첨가한 유화물 시스템이 첨가하지 않은 유화물 시스템보다 우수한 대전 효과를 나타내고 있으며, 폴리아민을 DETA을 사용한 시스템보다 AEEA를 사용한 시스템이 더 우수한 특성을 나타내고 있다. 섬유처리 시에 polyester 시험편으로 처리한 것이 월등한 대전 방지 효과를 나타내고 있다 Imidazolines were synthesized by reacting at 1-3 torr for 3hrs after preparing amidoamines through the reaction of amide at 150 ℃ using fatty acid and polyamines. The quartermization was carried out using amidoamines, imidazolines and quartemizing agent such as dimethyl sulfate (DMS), benzyl chloride (MBC) and sodium chloroacetate (SMCA). Emulsifying quarternaries were prepared in two types: emulsifier system and emulsifier free system. In the reaction systems using diethylenetriamine (DETA) and 1:1 reaction using 2-(2-Aminoethyl-amino)ethanol (AEEA), the amidoamines and imidazolines wre prepared. However, in 2:1 reaction using AEEA, no imidazolines were produced. The stability of quartemary was better with pH treatment and with the emulsifying system than the emulsifier free system and alkali system. In the flexble property of amidoamines improved with added emulsifier. Imidazolines showed a better flexible property than amidoamines. In general, the emulsifying system created more foam than the emulsifier free system. As for the antistatic property, polyamines used with AEEA system were better than that with DETA. Polyester type specimen for textile treatment showed a good antistatic property.

지방산 아마이드계 섬유용 유연제 합성과 물성에 대한 연구: part 1

임철환 ( Chul Hwan Lim ),김두원 ( Doo Won Kim ),노시태 ( Si Tae Noh ) 한국공업화학회 2003 공업화학 Vol.14 No.2

지방산과 폴리아민을 아마이드 반응에 의해 반응시켜 아마이드 결합을 가진 아미도 아민을 제조하였다. 이때 제조된 아미도 아민의 몰 비는 각각 1:1과 2:1이며 반응온도는 각각 150℃, 180℃, 200℃로 변화시켜 진행하였다. 이렇게 제조된 아미도 아민은 acetic acid (Ac)와 benzyl chloride(BC)를 사용하여 사급화를 진행하였다. 또한 사급화된 반응물을 유화시키기 위해 유화제와 Ac를 투입하여 사급화 유화물 아미도 아민을 제조하였다. 제조한 아미도 아민은 반응온도가 증가함에 따라 반응시간은 감소하나 부반응으로 이미다졸린이 생성됨을 관찰하였으며 sodium hypophosphite (SHPP)를 첨가함으로써 색의 변색을 방지할 수 있었다. 유화시킨 아미도 아민의 유화입경은 BC보다 Ac로 사급화하고 유화제를 첨가한 것이 더 작은 입경을 나타내었으며 유화제를 첨가한 유화물의 유연성이 더 뛰어난 것으로 관찰되었다. 또한 소수성의 증가로 인해서 mono-amid보다 di-amide의 경우가 폼 안전성이 감소하며 음 전하를 띠는 polyester 가 nylon보다 월등한 대전 방지성을 나타내었다. Amidoamines with amide group were synthesized by the reaction of fatty acid with polyamine. The mole ratio in preparing amidoamines was 1:1 and 2:1. The reaction temperature was set at three different temperatures; 150℃, 180℃ and 200℃. Quarternary amidoamines were synthesized by using acetic (Ac) and benzyl chloride (BC). Quartemary amidoamines were then emulsified by addition of emulsifier and Ac. The reaction time of synthesizing amidoamines was found to decrease with increasing the reaction temperature. However, imidazoline formed as the by-product with increased temperature. The color change of amidoamines was minimized by addition of SHPP. The particle sizes of quartemary amidoamines were smaller when Ac was used compared to the case of BE. Also, the emulsified quarternary amidoamines resulted in smaller particle sizes with better flexibility. Due to the increased hydrophobicity, the foam stability of diamide was poor compared to mono-amide. Polyester, which has negative charges, showed a better antistatic property than nylon.

불소 변성 폴리우레탄의 합성과 표면 개질 ; 2 . 폴리올 구조와 분자량의 영향

임철환(Chul Hwan Lim),최희성(Hee Sung Choi),노시태(Si Tae Noh) 한국공업화학회 2000 공업화학 Vol.11 No.4

N/A N/A

호텔 레스토랑의 서비스 회복 공정성 지각과 고객감정 및 고객만족에 관한 영향 연구: 환기의 조절효과를 중심으로

임철환 ( Chul Hwan Lim ),한진수 ( Jin Soo Han ) 한국고객만족경영학회 2012 고객만족경영연구 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구는 호텔 레스토랑의 서비스 회복과정에서 지각되는 공정성에 대한 새로운 이론을 적용함과 동시에 서비스 회복 공정성과 고객감정 및 고객만족의 관계를 검증하고자 하였다. 또한 긍정적 감정과 부정적 감정으로 이루어지는 고객의 감정반응과 고객만족의 사이에서 환기수준이 조절변수의 역할을 하는지 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 호텔 레스토랑에서 서비스 회복 공정성의 각 차원은 고객의 감정반응에 각각 영향을 주었다. 둘째, 고객의 감정반응은 고객의 회복 후 만족에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 고객의 감정반응과 고객만족 간의 관계에서 환기의 조절효과를 검증한결과 긍정적 감정과 회복 후 만족 사이에서는 조절효과를 보이는 반면, 부정적 감정과 회복 후 만족에서는 그 효과를 나타내지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. This study aims to verify the relationship between the service recovery justice, customer`s emotion and customer satisfaction by applying new theory about percept justice through the service recovery process of the hotel restaurant. And it aims to verify moderating effect of arousal between the customer`s emotion response(positive and negative emotion) and customer satisfaction. The results of the study are as follows. First, the each dimension of the service recovery justice had effects on the customer`s emotion in the hotel restaurant. Second, the customer`s emotion had effects on the customer`s satisfaction after recovery. Finally, as results of verification of the moderating effect of arousal about relationship between the customer`s emotional responses and customer satisfaction, the arousal level had moderating effects between the customer`s positive emotion and customer`s satisfaction after recovery, but on the other hand, the there was no effects on the negative emotion and satisfaction after recovery.

불소 변성 폴리우레탄의 합성과 표면 개질

임철환(Chul Hwan Lim),최희성(Hee Sung Choi),노시태(Si Tae Noh) 한국공업화학회 1999 공업화학 Vol.10 No.6

N/A N/A

증례 : 내분비-대사 ; 알도스테론 분비 부신샘종과 동측의 신장동맥혈관협착이 동반된 1예

진준 ( Joon Jin ),임철환 ( Chur Hoan Lim ),정진욱 ( Jin Ook Chung ),조동혁 ( Dong Hyeok Cho ),정동진 ( Dong Jin Chung ),정민영 ( Min Young Chung ),최유덕 ( Yoo Duk Choi ) 대한내과학회 2015 대한내과학회지 Vol.89 No.1

알도스테론 분비 부신샘종과 신장동맥협착을 동시에 보이는 예는 극히 드물다. 저자들은 약물로 조절되지 않은 고혈압을 주소로 내원한 52세 여자에게서 고알도스테론증을 시사하는 검사 소견이 있어 알도스테론 분비 부신샘종을 진단하였고 복강경하 좌측 부신절제술을 시행하였다. 수술로 제거하였음에도 불구하고 지속된 고혈압에 대해 평가하던 중 신장 동맥혈관조영술로 좌측 신장동맥협착을 진단하였고 풍선혈 관성형술을 시행하였다. 그 후 혈압은 항고혈압제 요구량이 감소하면서 조절된 양상을 보였다. 본 증례는 고알도스테론증을 보이는 환자를 평가하는 데 있어 신장동맥협착 동반 여부에 대한 평가가 필요함을 강조한다. The simultaneous occurrence of renovascular hypertension and an aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma is a rare entity. Here, we report the case of a 52-year-old female who had a coexisting aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma and ipsilateral renal artery stenosis. She was diagnosed with the aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma and then underwent a laparoscopic left adrenalectomy. Her blood pressure was uncontrolled after the adrenalectomy. Selective renal angiography showed left renal artery stenosis; thus, she underwent balloon angioplasty at the same sitting. Subsequently, her blood pressure returned to normal after administration of a single antihypertensive drug. This case suggests that it is important to recognize the possible coexistence of renal artery stenosis in a patient with an aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma. (Korean J Med 2015;89:97-101)

전문계 고등학교의 교육서비스와 만족도에 관한 연구

윤설민(Seol Min Yoon),임철환(Chul Hwan Lim),한진수(Jin Soo Han) 한국호텔외식관광경영학회 2009 호텔경영학연구 Vol.18 No.3

This study was conducted to examine the effect relationship between educational service and satisfaction in vocational high school students who majoring tourism studies, and then to compare difference of the mean about satisfaction among groups, departmentalized by educational service. The main results were as follows. First, according to multiple regression analysis result about the effect relationship between educational service and satisfaction, 「administration service」 of educational service factors had positive(+) influence on satisfaction in common. In addition, 「instructor service」, 「facility service」, 「course service」 had partly positive(+) influence on satisfaction. Second, cluster analysis result, based on the educational service factors, showed that a lukewarm group about the educational service could be named on cluster 1, and a neutral group about the educational service on cluster 2. The mean of these two groups had statistically significant differences. Cluster 2 seemed to have higher means than cluster 1, but these two groups had worse than medium(3-point) about satisfaction.

전문계고 관광계열학과의 특성화고 전환에 대한 이해관계자 간 인식 차이 연구

윤설민(Seol Min Yoon),임철환(Chul Hwan Lim),김지희(Ji Hee Kim),한진수(Jin Soo Han) 한국호텔외식관광경영학회 2010 호텔경영학연구 Vol.19 No.2

This study tried to verify recognition differences about switchover to specialized high school among student, parent and teacher in vocational high school. The main results were as follows. First, the result of Multiple Analysis of Variance about need for specialization, relationship of specialization progress and a curriculum, expected effect by specialization conversion showed that there were statistically significant differences, among three groups, in the factors about specialization, except of the relationship of specialization progress and a curriculum. Especially, according to post-hoc analysis, there were differences of mean between teacher and student. In the event, teacher seemed to have higher recognition of switching into specialization than student. That is, teachers indicated that switchover to specialized high school is helpful for vision of the school, problem solving for college entrance and employment, support in expanding and improving training facilities, positive change in image of the school and contribution on local industries. Second, the result of chi-square test and correspondence analysis between three groups and education direction after specialization indicated that teacher and student seemed to have relationship with 「employment+college entrance」, whereas parent was related to 「college entrance」. Therefore, it is important to consider students` diversity to prepare forms of education that could provide opportunities of both employment and college entrance.

호텔 기업의 사회적 책임활동에 따른 기업 이미지가 브랜드 동일시 및 행동의도에 미치는 영향 연구

이혜미(Lee, Hye-Mi),임철환(Lim, Chul-Hwan),한진수(Han, Jin-soo) 한국관광레저학회 2015 관광레저연구 Vol.27 No.7

견갑골 안정화 운동이 만성 견관절 불안정성을 가진 엘리트 체조선수의 견관절 기능회복에 미치는 영향

김태규(Kim, Tae-Gyu),임철환(Lim, Chul-Hwan),김은국(Kim, Eun-Kuk) 한국체육과학회 2013 한국체육과학회지 Vol.22 No.2

Many elite gymnasts often suffer from the chronic shoulder instability (CSI) after previous traumatic events. Recently, rehabilitation for CSI has emphasized the assessment and treatment of the scapular dysfunction which results from scapulothoracic stabilizers weakness as well as strengthening of shoulder muscles. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of scapular stabilization exercise (SSE) on isokinetic performance and visual analogue scale (VAS) in elite gymnasts with CSI. Elite gymnasts who were training in the National Training Center of the Korean Olympic Committee were enrolled, and 23 gymnasts with CSI were participated in the present study after clinical history, physical examination and imaging studies. They were randomly allocated in either group; Rehabilitation (RH) group (11 gymnasts; 5 female) or Non-Rehabilitation (Non-RH) group (12 gymnasts; 6 female). RH group carried out scapular stabilization exercise (SSE) for 6 weeks. The main outcome measures were isokinetic performance (peak torque/body weight, PT/BW) and VAS obtained at initial, 2weeks, and 6weeks. Isokinetic performance of shoulder abduction, adduction, internal rotation and external rotation were measured at 60°/s and 180°/s, and that of scapular protraction and retraction was measured at 12.2㎝/s and 36.6㎝/s. The data were analyzed into interaction effect of within-group and between-group (α=.05). PT/BW at 60°/s and 180°/s of shoulder abduction, adduction, internal rotation and external rotation indicated significant difference in the interaction effect of within-group and between-group (p<.05). PT/BW at 12.2㎝/s and 36.6㎝/s of scapular protraction and retraction on weight bearing indicated significant difference in the interaction effect of within-group (p<.05). PT/BW at 12.2㎝/s of scapular protraction were not significantly difference (p=.057), but PT/BW at 36.6㎝/s of scapular protraction showed significant difference in the interaction effect of between-group (p<.05). VAS indicated significant difference in the interaction effect of within-group and between-group (p<.05). Elite gymnasts with CSI demonstrated decreased VAS and enhanced isokinetic performance of shoulder and scapular motion after 6-week SSE. It appears that SSE could be an effective treatment option for the rehabilitation of CSI.