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젊은 정상성인의 비운동 VO<sub>2max</sub> 추정식
이정아,조상현,이충휘,권오윤,Lee, Jung-Ah,Cho, Sang-Hyun,Yi, Chung-Hwi,Kwon, Oh-Yun 한국전문물리치료학회 2005 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.12 No.3
The purpose of this study was to produce the regression equation from non-exercise $VO_{2max}$ of healthy young adults and to develop a maximal oxygen consumption ($VO_{2max}$) regression model. This model was based on heart rate non-exercise predictor variables (rest heart rate, maximal heart rate/rest heart rate), as an extra addition to the general regression which can reflect an individual's inherent or acquired cardiorespiratory fitness. The subjects were 101 healthy young adults aged 19 to 35 years. Exercise testing was measured by using a Balke protocol for treadmill and indirect calorimetry. The prediction equation was analyzed by using stepwise multiple regression procedures. The mean of $VO_{2max}$ was $39.02{\pm}6.72\;m{\ell}/kg/min$ (mean${\pm}$SD). The greatest variable correlated to $VO_{2max}$ was %fat. The predictor variable used in the non-exercise $VO_{2max}$ included %fat, gender, habitual physical activity and $HR_{max}/HR_{rest}$. The non-exercise $VO_{2max}$ estimation was as follows: $VO_{2max}$($m{\ell}/kg/min$)=55.58-.41(%fat)+.59(physical activity rating)-2.69($HR_{max}/HR_{rest}$)-5.36 (male=0, female=1); (R=.85, SEE=3.64, R2=.72: including heart rate variable); $VO_{2max}$($m{\ell}/kg/min$)=48.47-.41(%fat)+.45(physical activity rating)-5.12 (male=0, female=1); (R=.84, SEE=3.74, R2=.70: with the exception of heart rate variable). As an added heart rate variable, there was only a 2% coefficient of determination improved. Therefore, these results demonstrated that heart rate variable correlation with a non-exercise regression model was very low. In conclusion, for healthy young korean adults, those variables that can affect non-exercise $VO_{2max}$ estimation turned out to be only % fat, gender, and physical activity. We suggest that further research of predictor variables for non-exercise $VO_{2max}$ is necessary for different patient groups who cannot perform maximal exercise or submaximal exercise.
이윤형(Yoonhyung Lee),허상구(Sangku Hur),최재식(Jaesick Choi),정진태(Jintai Chung),이부영(Buyoung Lee),이정아(Jung-ah Lee),김승규(Seungkyu Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2021 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.6
In many vehicle models, sand-scratching sound occurred in the cabin heater-core under certain cold engine conditions & high engine RPM. An interesting fact is that it may or may not occur depending on the engine type within the same vehicle model, and the results were different depending on the vehicle model even with the same engine. In order to remove this noise, we derived and applied countermeasures for each vehicle model, and the result was that the overall noise was reduced. However, it was concluded that it was difficult to establish a fundamental countermeasure without analyzing the exact joint generation mechanism, which still occurred in some car models. In this study, a robust improvement plan was devised by indentifying the exact mechanism for the occurrence of abnormal flow noise, and it was attempted to explain this phenomenon and solutions.
디자인 사고 과정에 기반한 초등 해커톤의 개발 및 적용
박주연(Park, Ju Yeon),정혜영(Chung, Hye Young),김성희(Kim, Sung Hee),이영미(Lee, Young Mi),이유경(Lee, Yoo Kyung),윤혜선(Yoon, Hye Sun),표지은(Pyo, Jee Eun),이재호(Lee, Jae Ho),조수빈(Cho, Su Bin),이원경(Lee, Won Kyung),이정아(Lee, J 이화여자대학교 교육과학연구소 2020 교육과학연구 Vol.51 No.1
미래사회에서는 소프트웨어를 활용한 융합적, 협력적 문제해결력을 갖춘 인재가 요구되고 있다. 이에 컴퓨팅 사고력을 통해 협력적으로 문제를 해결할 교육적 기회로서 해커톤이 하나의 대안이 될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 초등학교 4, 5, 6학년을 대상으로 디자인 사고 과정에 기반한 해커톤을 개발하고 적용하여 문제해결과정과 그 과정에서 나타난 디자인 사고의 주요 속성을 분석하였다. 연구 결과 학생들은 실제적인 어려움과 불편, 바라는 학교의 모습을 공감하는 데서 출발하여 아이디어를 좁혀나갔으며 경제성, 공공의 이익, 제작 가능 여부등을 고려하여 최종 아이디어를 정하고 이를 간단한 프로그램으로 구현하였다. 디자인 사고 과정 각 단계의 주요 속성을 분석한 결과 모든 단계에서 공통적으로 팀의 조직이 주요 속성으로 나타났고, 공감하기에서는 의사소통, 분석적 사고력, 확산적 사고력, 관계형성이, 문제 정의하기에서는 확산적 사고력, 정보수집, 관계형성이, 아이디어 도출하기에서는 분석적 사고력, 확산적 사고력, 성취지향, 정보수집이, 프로토타입 스케치와 테스트에서는 주도성과 성취지향이 주요 속성으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 디자인 사고 과정에 기반한 초등 해커톤의 교육적 가치를 보여준 실증연구로 초등 해커톤 개발 시 유의점과 디자인 사고 과정에서 지원되어야 할 전략들에 대한 정보를 제공한다는 점에서 의의가 있다. The purpose of this study was to design and apply the Elementary Hackathon Program based on Design Thinking for 4th~6th grade students in Korea and analyzed the key factors presented in this process. As a result, the students narrowed down their ideas, starting with the actual difficulties, dissatisfaction, and wishes they encountered, and decided upon the final ideas in consideration of the availability of production, economic feasibility, and public interest, while implementing them as simple programs. In addition, the organization of the team and Divergent Thinking were common attributes in the Empathy, Defining the Problem, Developing Ideas, Prototype Sketching, and Testing steps. In Empathy, mutual attributes were communication, analytical thinking ability, and relationship formation. Common attributes of Defining the problem were information collection and relationship formation. In the Developing Ideas step, analytical thinking ability, information collection, and achievement orientation were found to be key attributes, while initiative and achievement orientation were core attributes in Prototype Sketching and Testing. These results show that students" collaborative computational thinking skills work in the process of collaborative problem solving. This study is meaningful in that it provides a guide to the educational value of the Elementary Hackathon Program based on the Design Thinking process.
이정아(Jung-ah Lee),조상현(Sang-hyun Cho),이충휘(Chung-hwi Yi),권오윤(Oh-yun Kwon) 한국전문물리치료학회 2005 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.12 No.3
The purpose of this study was to produce the regression equation from non-exercise VO₂max of healthy young adults and to develop a maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max) regression model. This model was based on heart rate non-exercise predictor variables (rest heart rate, maximal heart rate/rest heart rate), as an extra addition to the general regression which can reflect an individual’s inherent or acquired cardiorespiratory fitness. The subjects were 101 healthy young adults aged 19 to 35 years. Exercise testing was measured by using a Balke protocol for treadmill and indirect calorimetry. The prediction equation was analyzed by using stepwise multiple regression procedures. The mean of VO₂max was 39.02±6.72 ㎖/㎏/min (mean±SD). The greatest variable correlated to VO₂max was %fat. The predictor variable used in the non-exercise VO₂max included %fat, gender, habitual physical activity and HRmax/HRrest. The non-exercise VO₂max estimation was as follows: VO₂max(㎖/㎏/min)=55.58 .4l(%fat)+.59(physical activity rating)-2.69(HRmax/HRrest)-5.36(mate=0, female=1): (R=.85, SEE=3.64, R2-.72: including heat rate variable); VO₂max(㎖/㎏/min)=48.47-.41(%fat)-.45(physical activity rating)-5.l2 (male=0, female=1): (R=.84, SEE=3.74, R2=.70: with the exception of heart rate variable). As an added heart rate variable, there was only a 2% coefficient of determination improved. Therefore, these results demonstrated that heart rate variable correlation with a non-exercise regression model was very low. In conclusion, for healthy young korean adults, those variables that can affect non-exercise VO₂max estimation turned out to be only % fat, gender, and physical activity. We suggest that further research of predictor variables for non-exercise VO₂max is necessary for different patient groups who cannot perform maximal exercise or subrnaximal exercise.