황점볼락과 조피볼락의 뇌 조직에 분포하는 neuropeptide Y성 물질

손영창 ( Young Chang Sohn ),장영진 ( Young Jin Chang ) 한국수산학회 1995 한국수산과학회지 Vol.28 No.4

출산 전후의 황점볼락 및 조피볼락 어미의 뇌 조직에서 GtH 분비를 자극하는 신경호르몬으로 알려진 NPY를 검출하기 위해, 면역조직화학을 실시하고 뇌하수체내 GtH 분비세포의 활성을 서로 비교하였다. 두 어종 모두에서 뇌 조직중 NPY 양성반응을 나타내는 세포는 후각망울, 종뇌 및 중뇌에서, 신경섬유는 후각망울, 종뇌, 시각신경, 시상하부, 중뇌 및 시각엽에서 각각 관찰되었다. 뇌하수체내에서 NPY 양성반응을 나타내는 신경섬유는 성숙에 관계없이 두 어종 모두 앞원위부분의 AF 음성세포에 인접한 신경엽에 분포하였고, 성장 및 성숙기의 난모세포를 가진 어체에서는 앞원위부분의 신경엽과 중간원위부분의 GtH 분비세포에 인접한 신경엽에서 관찰되었다. 뇌하수체내의 GtH 분비세포는 출산전의 황점볼락 및 성숙기의 조피볼락 개체에서는 AF 염색성이 약했으나, 출산후 황점볼락 및 조피볼락의 GtH 분비세포는 출산전 및 성숙기에 비해 AF 염색성이 증가하였다. 두 어종에서 출산전 난소를 가진 개채들의 GtH 분비세포와 핵경의 크기는 출산후(황점볼락)이거나 출산 이후 휴지기의 난소를 가진 개체(조피볼락)보다 유의하게 컷다(P<0.01). In order to find out the distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY) recently known as the gonadotropin (GtH) stimulation neurohormone in the brain tissues of marine teleost, detection and localization of NPY like substance in brain of two rockfish species, Sebastes oblongus and S. schlegeli were done by immunohistochemistry. Distribution of GtH cells in hypophysis were also observed by aldehyde fuchsin (AF)-fast green-orange G stain to compare with gonadal phases of the rockfish species. NPY immunoreactive cells were detected in olfactory bulb, telencephalon and mesencephalon of the brain, and NPY immunoreactive fibers were distributed not only in olfactory bulb, telencephalon and mesencephalon but also in optic nerve, hypothalamus and optic tectum. Regardless of ovarian maturation in two rockfish species, NPY immunoreactive fibers were observed in the neurohypophysis adjacent to the AF negative cells in the rostral pars distalis of hypophysis in both species. Moreover, the fibers were distributed in the rostral and proximal pars distalis near to the GtH cells of the hypophysis in both species possessing the growing or mature oocytes. Slight AF stainable GtH cells were detected in hypophysis of two species before parturition (S. oblongus) and in mature stage (S. schlegeli), but AF stainability of the cells in the proximal pars distalis after parturition was more increased than that of the cells in mature stage or before parturition. The size and nucleus diameter of GtH cells in S. oblongus and S. schlegeli before parturition were significantly bigger than those of GtH cells in individuals after parturition (S. oblongus) or with resting ovary (S. schlegeli) (P<0.01).

조피볼락 ( Sebastes schlegeli ) 의 성숙 출산기에 있어서 갑상선 및 성 스테로이드 호르몬의 혈중 변화

강덕영(Duk Young Kang),장영진(Young Jin Chang),손영창(Young Chang Sohn) 한국수산과학회 1998 한국수산과학회지 Vol.31 No.4

Changes in plasma levels of thyroid and sex steroid hormones were examined during maturation and parturition periods in rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) cultured in net pens. Plasma L-thyroxine levels were 35.2±5.7ng/㎖(n=5; mean±sem) at vitellogenesis stage and then significantly decreased to 20.5±4.2ng/㎖ at parturition stage (P<0.05), and rapidly returned to high level, 44.9±7.2ng/㎖ at resting stage. Plasma 3,5,3`-triiodo-L-thyronine levels were 12.9±1.6ng/㎖ at vitellogenesis stage, but significantly decreased to 3.7±0.7ng/㎖ at ovulation stage (P<0.05) and increased to 52.9±7.0ng/㎖ at resting stage. Plasma estradiol-17β level showed the highest value(4.3±0.9ng/㎖) at vitellogenesis stage, but the level significantly decreased to 0.3±0.1ng/㎖ during parturition stage(P<0.05). In vitellogenesis and ovulation stages, plasma testosterone levels were 1.8±0.3ng/㎖ and 2.1±0.7ng/㎖, respectively, thereafter the level significantly decreased to 0.1±0.1ng/㎖ at parturition stage(P<0.05). These findings suggest thyroid hormones may have relation to maturation and parturition of mother rockfish.

Molecular Cloning of Estrogen Receptor α in the Masu Salmon, Oncorhynchus masou

손영창(Young Chang Sohn) 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2004 韓國養殖學會誌 Vol.17 No.1

급격한 염분변화에 따른 담수어 3종의 프로락틴 및 성장호르몬 유전자 발현변화

박우동 ( Woo Dong Park ),이철호 ( Cheul Ho Lee ),김대중 ( Dae Jung Kim ),손영창 ( Young Chang Sohn ) 한국수산학회 2008 한국수산과학회지 Vol.41 No.1

저산소환경에 의한 송사리(Oryzias dancena)의 Stanniocalcin-2와 Hypoxia-Lnducible Factor-1α mRNA 발현의 변화

신지혜 ( Ji Hye Shin ),손영창 ( Young Chang Sohn ) 한국수산과학회 2013 한국수산과학회지 Vol.46 No.1

Some fish live in aquatic environments with low of temporally changing O2availability. Variation in dissolved oxy- gen(DO) levels requinres behavioral, physiological, and biochemical adaptations to ensure the uptake of suffocoent O2. Several spccies are relatively well adapted to tolerate low O2 partial pressures(hypoxia). The medaka(Oryzias dancena) is an important model organism for biomedical research that shows remarkable tolerance to hypoxia. We investigated the regulation and role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1α)as a general hypoxia-response gene and stanniocalein-2(STC2), which is one of the genes regulated by HIF-1α in mammals under hypoxia. The changes adult male medaka to the following three acute hypoxia regimes: 1, 24, and 72 h at DO=1.8±0.5PPM. The changes inSTC2 and HIF-1α mRNA were monitored using quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR. We fownd strong upregulation of HIF-1α mRNA in the livers of fish exposed to hypoxia. Hypoxia rapidly upregulated STC. 2 mRNA expression in muscle, but not in the brain, gills, liver, of intestine. Therefore, unlike in mammals, hypoxia minght regulale O. dancena STC-2 expression in an HIF-1α-independent manner.

둥근성게(Strongylocentrotus nudus)의 Smad3와 Estrogen Receptor-related $Receptor\;{\beta}$ like 1 유전자 발현

정유정,손영창,Jun, Yu-Jung,Sohn, Young-Chang 한국발생생물학회 2007 발생과 생식 Vol.11 No.1

Smad proteins mediate transforming growth $factor(TGF)-{\beta}$ signaling and play a pivotal role in embryonic development. The estrogen receptor-related receptors(ERRs), which are structurally similar to estrogen receptors, are members of orphan nuclear receptor in the nuclear receptor superfamily and their functions are known to be involved in the formation of extra-embryonic ectoderm. To investigate the involvement of Smad3 and $ERR{\beta}$ like 1 in reproductive activities and embryogenesis in marine invertebrate, we examined gene expression of Smad3 and $ERR{\beta}$ like 1 in Strongylocentrotus nudus during their seasonal changes and embryonic development using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The Smad3 mRNA levels in gonad showed an increasing pattern from February to June 2004 but decreased at August(spawning season) followed by an elevation of the levels at October and December 2004. The mRNA levels of the $ERR{\beta}$ like 1 significantly elevated during the spawning season. During embryonic development, Smad3 mRNA levels at $8{\sim}16$ cell stages were significantly higher than those of other stages, whereas the mRNA of the $ERR{\beta}$ like 1 was significantly high levels at late development stages, i.e., blastular, gastrula and plutei stages. These results suggest that the Smad3 could be involved at least in part in the early cleavage stages and the $ERR{\beta}$ like 1 may play an important role in the spawning season and late developmental stage in the sea urchin. Transforming growth $factor-{\beta}(TGF-{\beta})$ 신호의 매개자 역할을 하는 Smad 계열 단백질은 발생과정에 중요한 역할을 한다고 알려져 있다. Estrogen receptor(ER)와 구조적으로 유사한 estrogen receptor-related receptor(ERR)은 포유동물에서 후기 배발생기에 외배엽 형성과 관련이 되어 있는 고아핵수용체이다. 본 연구에서는 해양무척추동물의 초기발생과정과 계절번식기 동안에 Smad3와 ERR의 유전자 발현이 발생과정과 성숙에 어떠한 연관성을 갖고 있는지 알아보기 위하여, 동해안 연안에 주로 서식하는 극피동물문 둥근성게과 둥근성게(Strongylocentrotus nudus)를 재료로 하여 계절별 및 배발생 과정중에 Smad3와 $ERR{\beta}$ like 1의 mRNA 농도를 real-time PCR 방법으로 조사하였다. Smad3 mRNA는 샘플링을 시작한 2004년 2월의 생식소와 비교하면 4월부터 그 농도가 증가하기 시작하여 6월까지 증가하였으며, 산란기인 8월에 감소하였다가 10월부터 12월까지 높은 수준을 유지하였다. $ERR{\beta}$ like 1 mRNA는 6월까지 낮은 수준이었으나, 산란기인 8월에 급증한 후 다시 감소하였다. 수정란부터 초기 유생기까지 발생과정을 분석한 결과, Smad3 mRNA는 8세포기 및 16세포기에 높은 발현이 관측되었다. 한편, $ERR{\beta}$ like 1 mRNA는 포배기, 낭배기, 초기 유생기에 현저하게 높은 발현패턴을 보였다. 이상의 결과로부터 둥근성게의 산란기 및 발생배의 발생후기에 $ERR{\beta}$ like 1이 중요한 역할을 담당할 것으로 추정되며, 초기 난할시기에는 Smad3의 관련성이 시사되었다.

염분농도에 따른 넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus)의 성장호르몬, 프로락틴 및 수용체 유전자의 발현변화

조영민 ( Young Min Cho ),신지혜 ( Ji Hye Shin ),손영창 ( Young Chang Sohn ) 한국수산과학회 2006 한국수산과학회지 Vol.39 No.4

Estradiol-$17{\beta}$와 Nonylphenol이 둥근성게(Strongylocentrotus nudus) 초기 배발생과 Estrogen Receptor-related Receptor $\beta$ Like 1 mRNA 발현에 미치는 영향

정유정,맹세정,손영창,Jung, Yu-Jung,Maeng, Se-Joeng,Sohn, Young-Chang 한국발생생물학회 2007 발생과 생식 Vol.11 No.3

Estrogen과 estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs)는 주로 스테로이드 수용체와 작용하여 다양한 표적 단백질 유전자의 전사를 조절한다. 구조적으로 estrogen 수용체와 유사한 estrogen 수용체형 수용체(estrogen receptorrelated receptor, ERR)는 포유동물에서 배발생 후기에 외배엽 형성과 관련되어 있다고 알려진 고아핵수용체(orphan nuclear receptor)이다. 본 연구에서는 해양무척추동물인 둥근성게(Strongylocentrotus nudus)의 발생배를 재료로 estradiol-$17{\beta}(E_2)$과 EDCs의 일종인 nonylphenol(NP)이 발생과정의 형태학적 변화와 $ERR{\beta}$ like 1의 mRNA발현에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. $E_2$와 NP가 처리된 발생배는 발생속도가 지연되었으며, 초기 유생기에 가까운 후기배의 비정상적인 발달형태가 관찰되었다. 수정란부터 초기 유생기까지 측정한 결과, 이들 화학물질에 의해 $ERR{\beta}$ like 1 mRNA는 포배기에 급격히 감소하는 패턴을 보였다. 이상의 결과는 둥근성게의 초기 배가 $E_2$와 NP에 의해 비정상적으로 발생되며, $ERR{\beta}$ like 1의 감소가 이 비정상적 배발생과 관련되어 있음을 시사한다. The estrogens and estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs) function through a steroid nuclear receptor-mediated process and subsequently regulate the transcription of mRNA for a number of target proteins. The estrogen receptor-related receptors(ERRs), which are structurally similar to estrogen receptors, are members of orphan nuclear receptor in the nuclear receptor superfamily and their functions are known to be involved in the formation of extra-embryonic ectoderm. To investigate effects of EDCs on early embryogenesis and ERR gene expression in marine invertebrates, we examined morphological changes and the mRNA expression of $ERR{\beta}$ like 1 in sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus exposed to estradiol-$17{\beta}(E_2)$ or nonylphenol(NP). The $E_2$ and NP-exposed embryos showed a delayed development compared to control embryos. Furthermore, they showed abnormal embryonic developments at late stages, i.e., blastular, gastrula and plutei stages. The mRNA level of $ERR{\beta}$ like 1 at the gastrula stage was significantly lower in $E_2$ and NP-exposed embryos than those of control group. These results suggest that NP and $E_2$ are potent chemicals causing abnormal embryonic development of S. nudus through at least in part down-regulated $ERR{\beta}$ like 1.

멍게(Halocynthia roretzi) 비타민 D 수용체 상동체 동정 및 전사활성

이정환 ( Jung Hwan Lee ),손영창 ( Young Chang Sohn ) 한국수산과학회 2015 한국수산과학회지 Vol.48 No.6

In vertebrates, the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, binds the biologically active ligand 1α,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3 (1,25 D3). Nearly all vertebrates, including Agnatha, possess a VDR with high ligand selectivity for 1,25 D3 and related metabolites. Although a putative ancestral VDR gene is present in the genome of the chordate invertebrate Ciona intestinalis, the functional characteristics of marine invertebrate VDR are still obscure. To elucidate the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi VDR (HrVDR), we cloned full-length HrVDR cDNA and investigated the transcriptional activity of HrVDR in HEK293 cells. HrVDR consists of 1,680 nucleotides (559 amino acids [aa]), including a short N-terminal region (A/B domain; 26 aa), DNA-binding domain (C domain; 72 aa), hinge region (D domain; 272 aa), and C-terminal ligand-binding domain (E domain; 161 aa). The amino acid sequence identity of HrVDR was greatest to that of C. intestinalis VDR (56%). In the luciferase reporter assays, the transcriptional activity of HrVDR was not significantly increased by 1,25 D3, whereas the farnesoid X receptor agonist GW4064 increased the transactivation of HrVDR. These results suggest the presence of a novel ligand for and a distinct ligand-binding domain in ascidian VDR.

Uncoupling Protein 3 in the Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Sequence, Splicing Variants, and Association with the AvaⅢ SINE element

김순학(Soonhag Kim),최철영(Cheol Young Choi),황주연(Jooyeon Hwang),김영결(Youngyoul Kim),박찬(Chan Park),오범석(Bermseok Oh),김규찬(KuChan Kimm),Scott A. Ghar,손영창(Young Chang Sohn) 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2004 韓國養殖學會誌 Vol.17 No.1