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경주국립공원 문화재지정구역의 귀화식물 현황 및 관리방안
윤정원 ( Jung Won Yoon ),신현탁 ( Hyun Tak Shin ),이명훈 ( Myung Hoon Yi ),김기송 ( Gi Song Kim ),성정원 ( Jung Won Sung ),박기환 ( Ki Hwan Park ),이창현 ( Chang Hyun Lee ),김용식 ( Yong Shik Kim ) 한국환경생태학회 2012 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.26 No.4
경주국립공원 문화재지정구역에 분포하는 귀화식물은 총 14과 40속 45종 1변종 등 총 46분류군을 확인하였다. 귀화식물을 유형별로 구별해보면, 생활형은 1년생 초본이 17분류군(37%)으로 가장 많았으며, 다년생 초본이 16분류군 (34.8%), 2년생 초본이 11분류군(23.9%), 목본이 2분류군(4.3%)로 나타났다. 원산지 별로는 유럽이 17분류군(37%)으로 가장 많았으며, 그 다음으로 북아메리카에서 이입된 종이 16분류군(34.8%)으로 나타났다. 또한 귀화도는 3등급이 18분류군(40.9%)으로 가장 높다. 귀화식물 321분류군에 대한 본 연구대상지의 도시화 지수는 14.3%이며, 지구별 도시화 지수는 남산지구가 8.1%로 가장 높다. 경주국립공원은 사적형 공원으로 문화재가 매우 중요하나, 문화재 주변의식재 및 관리 또한 중요하다. 따라서 귀화식물의 경우 장기적인 모니터링과 생태적인 특성을 파악하여 체계적인 관리방안이 요구된다. The naturalized plant species in Gyeongju National Park was summarized as 46taxa including 14 families 40 genus 45 species 1 varieties. Among them, annual herbaceous species was 17taxa (37%) which is grouped as the biggest proportion and 16taxa (34.8%) for perennial herbaceous species and 11taxa (23.9%) for biannual herbaceous species and 2taxa (4.3%) for tree species. European origin was the biggest proportion as 17taxa (37%), and 16% (34.8%) from North America. The degree of naturalization (DoN) was the biggest for Degree III, V as 18taxa (39.1%). Regarding 321 naturalized plant species, the Urbanization Index in the studied area was 14.3%. The Namsam District showed 8.1% which is the highest DoN in the studied districts within the Gyeongju National Park. As the cultural properties is important in the Gyeongju National Park as a representatives for historical sites in Korea, planting and its management in the cultural properties is important tasks. The naturalized plant species in the studied area should be reasonably management.
힘 센서를 이용하지 않는 혼합형 햅틱 마스터 시스템의 개발
박기환,배병훈,Park, Gi-Hwan,Bae, Byeong-Hun 대한기계학회 2001 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.25 No.8
A hybrid type master system is proposed to take the advantage of the link mechanism and magnetic levitation mechanism without using a force sensor. Two different types of electromagnetic actuators, moving coil type and moving magnet types are used to drive the master system which is capable of 4-DOF actuation. It is designed that the rotation motions about x-y axis are decoupled and the whole system is represented by simple dynamic equations. The force reflection is achieved by using the simple relation between the force and applied current and position. The simulation and experimental results are presented to show its performance.
윤정원 ( Jung Won Yoon ),김용식 ( Yong Shik Kim ),신현탁 ( Hyun Tak Shin ),김기송 ( Gi Song Kim ),성정원 ( Jung Won Sung ),이창현 ( Chang Hyeon Lee ),박기환 ( Ki Hwan Park ),이명훈 ( Myung Hoon Yi ) 한국환경생태학회 2013 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.27 No.2
본 연구는 경주국립공원(남산, 토함산, 단석산)의 관속식물상을 밝히고 주요 식물들의 분포를 조사하였다. 2011년 7월부터 2012년 5월까지 총 7회 조사하였다. 조사결과 관속식물은 96과 284속 385속 4아종 41변종 6품종으로 총 436분류군을 확인하였다. 그 중 산림청 지정 희귀식물은 7분류군, 특산식물은 13분류군이다. 식물구계학적 특정식물은 41분류군으로 Ⅴ등급 1분류군, Ⅳ등급 3분류군, Ⅲ등급 9분류군, Ⅱ등급 4분류군,Ⅰ등급 24분류군이다. 한편 귀화식물은 29분류군으로 확인하였으며, 귀화율은 6.65%, 도시화지수는 9.03%이다. 조사된 436분류군의 유용도는 목초용 자원식물이 182분류군(41.7%), 식용 176분류군(40.4%), 약용 147분류군(33.7%), 관상용 52분류군(11.9%), 목재용 18분류군(4.1%), 염료용 16분류군(3.7%), 섬유용 8분류군(1.8%), 공업용 자원식물이 1분류군(0.2%) 그리고 용도가 밝혀지지 않은 식물이 79분류군(18.1%)으로 나타났다. This study was carried out to investigate the vascular flora of Mt. Nam, Mt. Toham, and Mt. Danseok in Gyeongju National Park . The vascular plants were surveyed for 7 times from July 2011 to May 2012. The results were summarized as 436 taxa, 96families, 284 genera, 385 species, 4 subspecies, 41 varieties, and 6 forms. The 13 taxa were categorized as Korean endemic plants species and the other 7 taxa as rare plants species, which categorized by the Korea Forest Service. Based on the Floristic Degrees categorized by the Specific Distribution of Plants Species, one taxa grouped as the Floristic Degree Ⅴ, 3 for Floristic Degree Ⅳ, and 9 for Floristic Degree Ⅲ, 4 for Floristic Degree Ⅱ, and 24 taxa for Floristic Degree I. The naturalized plants were recorded as 29 taxa, and their Naturalization Ratio and Urbanization Index were recorded as 6.65%, and 9.03%, respectively. 436 taxa listed consists of 182 taxa(41.7%) of pasturing plant, 176 taxa(40.4%) of edible plants, 147 taxa(33.7%) of medicinal plants, 52 taxa(11.9%) of ornamental plants, 18 taxa(4.1%) of timber plants, 16 taxa(3.7%) of stain plants, 8 taxa(1.8%) of fiber plants, 1 taxa(0.2%) of industrial plants and 79 taxa(18.1%) of unknown plants.
제어기 무장착 운송대를 위한 선형운동 자기부상 운송시스템
손영욱,박기환,Son, Yeong-Uk,Park, Gi-Hwan 대한기계학회 1997 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.21 No.12
In this work, a magnetic levitation (maglev) system is developed to transport a wafer between semiconductor fabrication process modules in clean rooms to take advantages of eliminating particle and oil contamination that normally exist in conventional transport systems due to contact motion of mechanical components. A main feature of the maglev system developed in this work is that a controller and power supplying part are not mounted on the moving carrier but on the stationary track, which is defined a controller-free carrier, to reduce carrier's weight. Iron-core electromagnets and irons are used for levitation, and air-core electromagnets and permanent magnets are used for stabilization. Analysis, design, and modeling of the magnetically levitated transport system are presented. The performance of the maglev system is experimentally demonstrated.
서진규,정호섭,박기환,Seo, Jin-Gyu,Jeong, Ho-Seop,Park, Gi-Hwan 대한기계학회 2000 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.24 No.3
An asymmetric actuator can be used to reduce the distance between the reflective mirror and objective lens of a small optical disk drive for use in the notebook-sized personal computer data storage devices. However, this asymmetric actuator is very sensitive to the subsidiary resonance which is caused by its rigid body motion. In this paper, an analytical approach using a simple lumped parameter system model is presented with a physical insight to investigate why the subsidiary resonance occurs. The finite element method is used to figure out the force and torque characteristics of the asymmetric actuator which are essential to understand the subsidiary vibration characteristics. The frequency responses are presented to examine how the subsidiary resonance is altered for various situations of having different thickness of a yoke and permanent magnet and of having a different magnet circuit. Finally, the design guidelines to avoid the subsidiary resonance will be presented.
직접구동 평면 다관절 로봇의 동역학적 모델에 따른 피드포워드 제어의 실험적 평가
홍윤식,강봉수,김수현,박기환,곽윤근,Hong, Yun-Sik,Kang, Bong-Su,Kim, Su-Hyeon,Park, Gi-Hwan,Kwak, Yun-Geun 대한기계학회 1996 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.20 No.1
A SCARA type direct drive robot which can be used in the assembly operation was designed and manufactured. Graphite fiber epoxy composite material was used in the fabrication of the robot arm structure in order to improve the speed of the robot arm with a high damping effect. For model-based control and sensitivity analysis of system parameters, the dynamic model of robot arm and drive servo amplifier parameters such as equivalent gains of PWM driver and velocity gains of servo system were estimated from frequency response tests. The complete dynamic model for overall robot system was used in the simulation of the open-loop control. The simulation results agreed reasonably well to the experimental results. The feedforward control using the dynamic models improved the trajectory tracking performance, decreasing the tracking error by factor of three compared with PID control. This study found that the inverse dynamic model of the robot arm including the drive servo system showed better performances than the case of arm dynamic model only.
김용식(Yong Shik Kim),신현탁(Hyun Tak Shin),강신구(Shin Koo Kang),윤정원(Jung Won Yoon),김기송(Gi Song Kim),성정원(Jung Won Sung),박기환(Ki Hwan Park),김은정(Eun Jung Kim),이명훈(Myung Hoon Yi) 한국산림휴양학회 2011 한국산림휴양학회지 Vol.15 No.4
경상북도 망개나무 야생 개체군은 망개나무-느티나무 군집, 소나무-굴참나무 군집 및 망개나무-물푸레나무 군집의 3개 유형으로 분리하였다. 군집의 종다양성지수는 1.6484~1.7946이며 유사도지수는 48.77~63.23이다. 망개나무는 생강나무, 당단풍, 산벚나무 및 물푸레나무 등과 정의 상관관계를 가진다. DCA분석 결과, 망개나무 개체군은 환경 요인 인자 중 유기물함량, 치환성양이온 K, 치환성양이온 Ca 및 토양산도와 밀접한 관계를 지니는 것으로 나타났다. 망개나무 개체군과 빛 환경요인과의 관계 분석 결과, 수관개방율은 rPPFD에 영향을 미치는 이는 결과적으로 종 다양성지수에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The wild populations of Berchemia berchemiaefolia in Gyeongsangbuk-do were grouped into 3 types; Community of Berchemia berchemiaefolia - Zelkova serrata, Community of Pinus densiflora - Quercus variabilis and Community of Berchemia berchemiaefolia - Frxinus rhynchophyllus. The Shannon diversity index was varied between 1.6484 and 1.7946, while the Similarity index was varied between 48.77 and 63.23. The species of Berchemia berchemiaefolia are correlated, positively with significant, with Lindera obtusiloba, Acer pseudosieboldianum, Prunus sargentii, Fraxinus rhynchophyllus in order. According to the DCA analysis, the relationship between the distribution of Berchemia berchemiaefolia populations and the environment conditions are closely related with soil organic matter, exchangeable Kalium, exchangeable calcium and soil acidity. According to the relationship analysis between wild populations of Berchemia berchemiaefolia and the light environment conditions, the canopy openness affects to rPPFD, and finall y this serious of affects to the species diversity.