파스튜렐라(A : 3) 균주의 재조합 외막단백질 H에 의한 가금 콜레라 감염 생쥐의 면역성 검정

김영환,양주성,권무식,Kim, Younghwan,Yang, Joo-Sung,Kwon, Moosik 대한수의학회 2006 대한수의학회지 Vol.46 No.2

Pasteurella multocida is a terrible veterinary pathogen that causes widespread infections in husbandry. To induce homologous and/or heterologous immunity against the infections, outer membrane protein Hs (OmpH) in the envelope of different strains of P. multocida are thought to be attractive vaccine candidates. Previously we cloned and characterized a gene for OmpH from pathogenic P. multocida (A : 3) (In Press, Korean J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2005, 33, December). The gene is composed of 1,047 nucleotides (nt) coding 348 amino acids (aa) with signal peptide of 20 aa. The truncated ompH, a gene without nt coding for the signal peptide, was generated using pRSET A to name "pRSET A/OmpH-F2". This truncated ompH was well expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Truncated OmpH was purified for induction of immunity against live pathogen of fowl cholera (P. multocida A : 3) in mice. Some $50{\mu}g$ of the purified polypeptide was intraperitoneally injected into mice two times with 10 day interval. Lethal dose ($25{\mu}l$) of live P. multocida A : 3 was determined by directly injecting the pathogen into wild mice (n = 25). To demonstrate the vaccine candidate of the truncated OmpH, the live pathogen ($25{\mu}l$) was challenged with the OmpH-immunized mouse group as well as positive & negative controls (n = 80). The results show that the truncated OmpH can be used for an effective vaccine production to prevent fowl cholera caused by pathogenic P. multocida (A : 3).

슈-트리 풋 헬스케어 디바이스 개발 연구

김영환(주저자) ( Kim Younghwan(주저자) ),김영환(교신저자) ( Kim Younghwan(교신저자) ) 디자인융복합학회 2023 디자인융복합연구 Vol.22 No.6

Footwear, a crucial element of contemporary life, often traps sweat and harbours bacteria due to limited ventilation during prolonged use. This study introduces the Shoe-Tree Foot Healthcare Device, meticulously designed to establish a hygienic environment within shoes contaminated by foot-related elements, ultimately promoting overall well-being. The development of this device involved a comprehensive global·national survey focusing on average foot sizes among men. It was engineered to counter structural shoe distortions while efficiently eliminating bacteria and moisture. Comprising front and rear sections, the front segment integrates a UV LED for sterilization and drying, along with a motor equipped with a fan. Simultaneously, the rear section features a humidity display and a control module. Empirical testing demonstrated a remarkable 31% reduction in humidity within 1 hour and 30 minutes, surpassing the 42% achieved by traditional shoe-trees. This research has yielded a versatile device, merging traditional shoe-care practices with cutting-edge technology for comprehensive foot-care.

네트워크텍스트분석을 통한 숲 체험 관련 연구동향 분석

김영환(YoungHwan Kim),이채영(Chae Young Lee) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2023 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.23 No.15

목적 본 연구의 목적은 국내 숲 체험 발전을 위한 기초 자료 형성을 위해 관련 연구의 동향을 분석하고, 이를 토대로 향후 연구의 개선 방향을 탐색하는 것이다. 방법 RISS에서 ‘체험’과 ‘숲’ 관련 키워드의 조합을 사용하여 검색하고, KCI 등재 및 등재 후보 논문 158편의 논문을 선정하였으며, 연도별 논문 수, 학술지 및 연구자 분석, 주제어 워드클라우드 분석, 시기별 주제어 빈도수 분석·네트워크 텍스트 분석·클러스터 분석을 시행하였다. 결과 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 관련 논문 수는 전반적으로 증가했으나, 1~2명의 연구자가 국내 연구를 주도했고, 유아 교육 분야의 학술지에서 상당 부분의 연구가 출간됐다. 주제어 분석 결과, 연구 대상은 시기가 지남에 따라 분화됐지만, 모든 시기에서 주로 ‘유아’가 주도하고 있었다. 또한 초기에 많던 ‘(자연친화적)태도’가 줄어들고, ‘능력’과 ‘정서’가 증가하고 있었다. 시기별 NTA 분석에서는 전체적으로 ‘유아’와 ‘체험’의 영향력이 크게 나타났으며, ‘능력’의 영향력은 증가했지만 ‘태도’의 영향력은 낮아졌다. 클러스터 분석에서는 1시기(2001~2014) 3개 그룹, 2시기(2015~2016) 3개 그룹, 3시기(2017~2022) 2개 그룹으로 분화되면서 시기별로 그 특징이 다르게 나타났다. 특히, 2시기에는 유아 대상 능력 연구의 군집화 그리고 3시기에는 유아, 활동, 능력이 연결된 연구가 활발했다. 결론 본 연구의 주요 결론 및 제언점은 다음과 같다. 논문의 양은 증가하고 있으나, 연구자나 연구주제는 더 다양해져야 하고, 연구내용 역시 숲 체험효과, 유용성 그리고 태도 등이 더 고루 다양화될 필요가 있다. 유아에 집중됐던 연구는 ‘청소년’, ‘성인’, ‘전문가’로 확장되어야한다. 또한 사회현상을 반영한 연구가 부족하므로 ‘기술’, ‘안전’, ‘산림융복합경영’ 등 시대적 요구를 반영한 연구가 요망된다. 국내 학계가 균형적 관점을 유지하도록 유아교육 분야 숲체험 동향분석이나 연구 목적, 방법 등의 세부적 분석 연구가 필요하다. 숲 체험에 대한 국내 학계의 더 많은 관심과 참여와 함께 다양한 외국의 숲 체험 동향에 대한 분석을 토대로, 엄밀한 체험학습의 개념에 바탕을 둔, 기본 및 기초(숲 체험의 개념·종류·원리 등) 관련 성찰연구들이 요청된다. Objectives This study aims to analyze research trends related to domestic forest experiences in order to inform future development and research directions. Methods For this purpose, RISS was searched using a combination of keywords related to ‘experience’ and ‘forest’, and 158 articles were selected, and the number by year, journal & researcher analysis, word cloud analysis, keyword frequency analysis, NTA, and cluster analysis were conducted. Results Key findings are as follows. The number of relevant articles increased overall, but 1~2 researchers dominated the domestic research, with a significant proportion of publications in early childhood education journals. In the keyword analysis, the research subject was fragmented over time, but overall, “infant” was dominant, and the initially dominant “attitude toward nature” was decreasing, while “ability”, “emotion” were increasing. In the NTA analysis by period, “infant”, “experience” were dominant overall, with “ability” increasing and “attitude” decreasing. The cluster analysis showed different characteristics by period, with three groups in the period 1(2001-2014), three groups in the period 2(2015-2016), and two groups in the period 3(2017-2022). In particular, there was a clustering of ability studies on infants in the period 2, and studies linking infants, activities, and abilities in the period 3. Conclusions The main conclusions and recommendations are as follows. Although the number of papers is increasing, the number of researchers and research topics needs to be more diverse, and the content of the research needs to be more evenly diversified in terms of forest experience effects, usefulness, and attitudes. In addition, research subjects should be expanded to adolescents, adults, professionals. Also, research that reflects social phenomena is lacking, the needs of the times(technology, safety, forest complex management) should be reflected. As the domestic academia needs a balanced approach, it is necessary to analyze research trends in the field of early childhood education and analyze detailed topics. In addition, the analysis of various foreign forest experience trends and reflective studies based on a more rigorous concept of experiential learning, are requested.

미국의 積極的 平等實現措置(Affirmative Action)의 퇴조 경향과 대안

김영환(Younghwan Kim) 한국헌법학회 2009 憲法學硏究 Vol.15 No.1

Affirmative action seeks to influence the distribution of scarce valued opportunities such as jobs, seats in college admission, and public contract. For this reason, it has been at the center of the debate over equality and discrimination in America for nearly forty years. Opportunities that affirmative action is designed to redistribute are the results of long-enduring patterns of discrimination which have been directed in part against minorities and women. Affirmative action has developed as a means of combating such discrimination and its effects, and its effectiveness is evidenced by many studies. However, affirmative action has been attacked in many state capitols and courts during the past decade. In 1996, California citizens approved Proposition 209 that essentially banned existing state affirmative action programs in public employment, education or contracting, and similar initiatives were introduced and passed ballot in Washington, Michigan, and Nebraska. Affirmative action was dismantled by court order in Texas and by executive order in Florida. The founder and the chairman of the ACRI, Ward Connerly stated that, while the use of race-based affirmative action was not dead, it was on life support and would be eradicated in five or ten years. As the Court in Grutter v. Bollinger indicated, the use of racial preferences will no longer be necessary 25 years from today to further the interest approved today. If the current trend continues, the use of race or sex considerations in college admission policies may be limited or eradicated in the near future. On the other hand, universities have recognized that diversity is an important objective of the educational institution and is a defining characteristic in the institution. In the states where affirmative action has been abolished, therefore, universities must find a way to maintain and enhance a diverse student body, and must seek out effective race-neutral solutions to achieve diversity without compromising academic excellence. Among the notable race- or sex-neutral alternatives to achieve diversity are percentage plans, class-based affirmative action that places a heavier emphasis on an applicant's socioeconomic status, outreach programs, and an individualized, holistic review process in admission. The current trend of affirmative action in the US as outlined here has certain significant implications for Korea that can be summarized as follows: First, it is necessary to review the constitutionality of preferential treatments currently in force in Korea, variously known as quota, target or goal. The rigid criteria of the US Supreme Court will have to apply in similar cases. Second, it is very important in the decision-making process to recognize the value of diversity and place greater emphasis upon diversity management rather than upon securing a means to remedy past discrimination. Third, decisions about preferential treatment should be made on the basis of neutral criteria rather than of immutable characteristics such as race, sex, color or national origin. Finally, when developing preferential policies, special attention will have to be paid to the potential adverse effects accompanying their abolishment, because all such policies will have to be eventually terminated.

Network Text Analysis on the Research Topics of Future Education Studies by Period of the Presidents’ Government in Korea

김영환(Younghwan Kim),배혜림(Hyelim Bae),김성겸(Sungkyum),이승민(Seungmin Lee) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2019 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.19 No.16

본 연구의 목적은 1983년부터 2019년까지 미래교육 관련 국내 연구물들의 연구주제의 변화 동향을 역대 정부별로 분석하고 성찰을 통해 후속 연구의 발전 방향을 제시하는 것이다. 분석대상은 RISS에서 ‘미래교육’을 키워드로 하는 학술논문 중에서 엄선된 499편의 논문들이다. 이들로 부터 연구자간 교차검증을 통해 편당 5개의 주제어씩 총 2,495개의 주제어를 선정하고 이들에 대한 빈도수 분석 및 네트워크 텍스트 분석 그리고 정부별 빈도수상위 주제어 및 주제어 간 중심성과 그 관계들을 분석하였다. 전체 관련 논문출판의 빈도는 완만한 상승세를 보이다가, 박근혜 정부 시기에서부터 급속하게 증가하였다. 전체 주제 어의 빈도는 ‘교육과정’, ‘미래사회’, ‘역량’, ‘4차산업혁명’ 순으로 높았고, 정부별 빈도수 분석에서도 공통적으로 ‘교육과정’과 ‘미래사회’의 빈도가 높게 나타났다. 네트워크 분석 결과연결정도 중심성 측면에서 빈도분석결과에서 언급했던 4개 키워드에 ‘기술’이 추가되었고, 높은 영향력을 보였다. 나아가 군집성을 알아보기 위해 클러스터 분석을 한 결과, ‘교육과 정’, ‘4차산업혁명’, ‘역량’ 중심의 세 가지 그룹으로 나뉘어졌다. 정부별 네트워크 분석 결과는 ‘미래사회’라는 노드가 5개 단위의 정부를 거치면서 각각의 네트워크에서 중심성이 소폭 증가하였으며, 이명박 정부 이후로 ‘융합교육’ 노드가, 박근혜 정부이후로 ‘4차산업혁명’노드가 영향력을 높이고 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 미래교육이 사회변화를 반영하고 있다는점을 연구동향을 통해 확인하였다. The purpose of this study is to provide a guideline for future education researches based on research trend analysis and examination of research papers pertinent to future education that were published from 1983 to 2019. A total of 499 papers were selected by searching papers on RISS based on the key word ‘future education’. 5 key words were extracted from each papers through cross-examination and frequency analysis as well as network text analysis were conducted. Additionally, the frequency of key word occurrences, and centrality and correlations of each key word were examined by contemporary government administrations. ‘Curriculum’, ’future society’, ’capacity’, and ’4th industrial revolution’ were the most frequently occurred and ’curriculum’ and ’future society’ were also frequent throughout all government administrations. Network analysis revealed the four most frequent key words shown in the frequency analysis with the addition of ’technology’ to be highly influential to other nodes. Further analysis of clusters in order to identify groupings showed ’curriculum’, ‘4th industrial revolution,’ and ’capacity’ to be the three dominant groups. Network analysis by government administration resulted in the evaluation that the ’future society’ node showed consistent increase in network centrality throughout all 5 government administrations. This study revealed that the internal discourse of future education does indeed reflect social changes.

교육공학계에 나타난 구성주의에 대한 비판적 탐색

김영환 ( Younghwan Kim ) 한국교육공학회 1998 교육공학연구 Vol.14 No.3

Currently, constructivism is one of the major issues in Korean Educational Technology society. Even the value of the constructivism is highly acknowledged in our field, there are several unsolved questions which cry for further discussion or discourse between constructivist and non-constructivist so called. The main purpose of this paper is to enlight the discussion as a discourse to get an optimal solution for not only enhance the quality of there search of our field but also to enhance the per formability of our practitioners in schools. To accomplish th purpose of the paper, the following issues were discussed:(1)What are the weakness and the limitation of the constructivism on the point of postmodernism and relativism?, (2)Comparing the critical characteristics of constructivism in between science education and duecational technology, (3)Further discussion issues and suggestions. Especially, this paper critically reviews on the major pholosophical and psychological points which related with constructivism. Also, there is a suggestion for collaborative work between constructivist and non-constructivist while using example of simplifying conditions method (SCM).

교육혁신관련 연구주제 변화 동향분석: 네트워크 텍스트 분석을 중심으로

김영환(Kim YoungHwan),이승민(Lee SeungMin),배혜림(Bae HyeLim),손미(Shon Mi) 부산대학교 교육발전연구소 2019 교육혁신연구 Vol.29 No.1

연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 2004년부터 2018년까지 교육혁신관련 연구주제들의 변화양상을 정부별로 분석하여 향후 교육혁신관련 연구의 발전 방향을 탐색하는 것이다. 연구방법: 이를 위해 RISS에서 ‘교육혁신’ 만을 키워드로 하여 2004년부터 2018년까지 출간된 논문들 중에서 본 연구의 목적에 맞는 학위논문 66편과 등재후보 이상 학술지에 게재된 학술논문 245편을 합한 총 312편을 선정하였다. 추출 과정에서 본 연구의 목적상 혁신학교에 관련된 논문들은 제외되었다. 이 논문들에서 편당 5개의 주제어를 4인의 연구자 합의하에 추출하여 총 1,560개의 키워드를 확보하고 이들 키워드를 대상으로 텍스트 네트워크 분석을 실시하여 정부별 빈도수 상위 주제어와 이들 간의 중앙성 및 관계를 파악하였고 그래프로 도식화하였다. 연구결과: 지난 4대 정부동안에 빈도수가 높았던 주제어들은 ‘교육혁신’, ‘교사’, ‘교육과정’, ‘대학교육’, ‘수업’ 등으로 나타났다. 역대 정부에서 공통적으로 높게 나타난 ‘교육혁신’ 외에, 노무현 정부에서는 ‘교사’와 ‘대학교육’이, 이명박 정부에서는 ‘대학교육’과 ‘교육과정’이, 박근혜 정부에서는 ‘교육과정’과 ‘교사’가 그리고 문재인 정부에서는 ‘4차산업혁명’과 ‘교사’였다. 주제어들은 크게 여섯 개의 그룹으로 구성되어 있었다. 그룹1은 ‘교육혁신’과 ‘교육과정’을 중심으로, 그룹2는 ‘대학교육’을 중심으로, 그룹3은 ‘교사’와 ‘학습자’를 중심으로, 그룹4는 ‘4차산업혁명’을 중심으로, 그룹5는 ‘인적자원개발’과 ‘지역혁신’을 중심으로, 그룹6은 ‘교육개혁’을 중심으로 군집화 되었다. 최근 정부로 오면서 키워드들이 종래의 전통적인 혁신 키워드들 보다는 ‘4차산업혁명’, ‘거꾸로학습(교실)’, ‘융합’과 같은 사회적 이슈들이 많이 나타나는 경향을 보이고 있었다. 논의 및 결론: 4개 정부에 따라 교육혁신 관련 연구들이 증가하고 있었고, 이에 제시된 키워드들이 점진적인 변화를 나타내고 있었다. 또한 노무현과 박근혜 정부에서는 교육혁신 관련 키워드들이 많았으나 이명박과 문재인 정부에서는 교육혁신관련 보다는 일반교육관련 키워드들이 더 많이 나타나는 지그재그 현상이 나타났다. 그리고 전통적인 ICT교수매체와 관련된 주제어들은 감소하고 있지만, 포괄적인 ICT와 관련한 키워드들(예, 4차산업혁명, 거꾸로학습(교실), 기술수용모형 등)은 점진적으로 증가하고 있었다. 향후 더 다양한 연구물들과 질적인 방법을 통한 더 많은 교육혁신 관련 연구들이 요망된다. Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze the research trends on the educational innovation gathered from Korean academic journals and master’s and doctoral degree dissertations published from 2004 to 2018. Method: In order to achieve the objectives, 312 articles and dissertations were collected from RISS utilizing the key word educational innovation . A total of 1,560 key words were selected from the articles to perform the network text analysis, especially to acquire each node s frequency, co-occurrence and centrality degree. Results: The four most frequently appeared key words were educational innovation , teacher , curriculum , and instruction . The key word which appeared with the most frequency across all government administrations that were installed from 2004 to 2018 was educational innovation’; and the most frequent key words by coinciding with each administration are as follows: 1) Rho Moo-Hyun: teacher and university 2) Lee Myoung-Bak: university and curriculum , 3) Park Geun-Hye: curriculum and teachers , 4) Moon Jae-In: 4th Industrial Revolution and teacher . Extracted key words were categorized into six groups: group one - educational innovation and curriculum , group two - university education , group three - teachers and learners , group four - 4th industrial revolution , group five HRD and regional innovation and group six - educational innovation . Conclusion: While the number of researches on educational innovation increased gradually from 2004, more research trend analyses should be conducted in order to provide better conceptualizations of educational innovation , educational reform and innovation schools .

대중가요 가사를 통한 학교와 교육에의 시사점 연구 : 방탄소년단 노랫말 분석을 중심으로

김영환(Kim YoungHwan),윤보미(Yun Bomi),김선정(Kim SeonJeong) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2021 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.21 No.12

목적 본 연구의 목적은 학교 및 교육에 관한 방탄소년단 노랫말의 의미적 특징과 방탄소년단 노래에 대한 팬들의 온라인 댓글을 분석하여 교육적 측면의 유의미한 시사점을 제시하는 것이다. 방법 이를 위해, 방탄소년단의 노래 중 교육 관련 가사가 있는 여섯 곡을 선정하여 핵심 키워드 간의 빅데이터 분석을 하고, 국내 온라인 음원사이트의 관련 댓글을 모아 내용 분석하여 국내 청소년들의 사회적 반응을 파악하였다. 결과 연구 결과, 학교와 교육에 관한 방탄소년단의 노랫말에는 ① 자아의 주체성 중시, ② 기성세대와 청소년세대 간의 인식 차이, ③ 학교 및 교육 현실에 대한 부정적 감정 폭발, ④ 그런 한편으로는, 미래에 대한 희망과 기대 내재, ⑤ 청소년세대의 언어 표현 사용이 특징적으로 나타났다. 온라인 댓글 분석결과, 감성적 의견표현 댓글이 이성적 의견표현 댓글보다 많았고, 방탄소년단의 학교비판 노랫말에 대해 공감, 호응, 동의, 인정, 응원, 만족, 지지하는 긍정적 댓글이 95% 이상으로 나타났다. 결론 댓글러들은 지금의 학교 현실이 마치 학생들의 불행, 수동, 방관, 경쟁, 타협, 억압, 이탈 등을 학습시키는 곳처럼 묘사하며 학교라는 공간에 대한 부정적 감정을 강력하게 표현하고 있었는데, 이러한 분석결과와 논의점을 바탕으로 미래 학교 교육의 방향에 관한 몇 가지 시사점을 제시하였다. Objectives The purpose of this study is to suggest implications to current education by understanding the message embedded within the lyrics of the songs of BTS, as well as the social reactions to them. Methods In conducting this research, six songs pertaining to school life and education were deliberately selected, and big data analysis of key keywords was conducted. Thereafter, online comments posted on domestic music streaming websites were collected for content analysis. Through this method, the responses of adolescents were identified. Results As a result of the study, it is found that BTS s songs about school and education have the following characteristics: ① emphasis on self-identity, ② cognitive differences between older generations and adolescents, ③ explosion of negative emotions toward school and educational reality, while at the same time, convey ④ implicit hopes and expectations for the future, and ⑤ the use of verbal expressions of concurrent adolescents. Also, as a result of online comment analysis, more than 90% of comments were in fact in support of criticisms of schools portrayed by BTS; either by sympathizing with, agreeing to, recognizing, and showing emotionally charged satisfaction with the lyrics that criticize Korean schools. Conclusions Commenters describe the current reality of school as a place where students overwhelmingly learn unhappiness, passivity, lethargy, competition, rules of compromise, oppression, isolation, and considerably have the negative feelings about the school space. Finally, this study presents the direction of future school education and implications based on the findings.

AI Ethics 관련 학술연구 동향 분석: 네트워크 텍스트 분석을 중심으로

김영환(YoungHwan Kim),황경림(Kyeonglim Hwang) 한국디지털콘텐츠학회 2024 한국디지털콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.25 No.4

This study analyzed the trends in AI ethics research in Korea from January 2006 to October 2023 to identify future research directions. A total of 193 Korean articles published until October 2023 were analyzed, and five keywords per article were selected for frequency analysis. Additionally, a network analysis was conducted on the top frequency keywords to visualize and clarify the interrelationships among them. Our findings can be summarized as follows: first, although the amount of AI ethics-related research is increasing, more studies should focus on the practical and application aspects of AI ethics. Second, a more profound discussion is required to determine the AI ethics-related content to be taught and the methods for teaching it. Third, future studies must explore the contributions of AI technology to societal inequality structures and methods for preventing them.

자동차 부품용 CFRP 및 고진공 다이캐스팅 알루미늄 합금 시편의 표면 조건에 따른 전기 화학적 거동에 관한 연구

김영환(YoungHwan Kim),문민석(MinSeok Moon),김한주(Han Joo Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2020 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.28 No.2