비선형 단순 모델을 이용한 차량 안정성 해석

고영은(Young Eun Ko),송철기(Chul Ki Song) 한국자동차공학회 2008 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.16 No.4

투키디데스 함정의 국제질서에서 한반도 비핵화와 평화정착 가능성 모색 - Graham Allison 이론을 중심으로

고영은(KO Young-Eun) 장로회신학대학교 기독교사상과 문화연구원 2019 장신논단 Vol.51 No.2

21세기에 들어서 국제 관계에서 가장 주목할 만한 사실은 중국의 급격한 부상일 것이다. 이러한 중국의 부상은 한편으로는 주변 국가들에게 도움을 줄 수 있지만 다른 한편으로는 위협으로 등장할 수 있다. Graham Allison에 의하면 21세기에서 중국의 부상은 필연적으로 미국과의 패권전쟁의 가능성을 내포하고 있음을 말하고 있다. 이러한 패권갈등 현상으로 현재 미국과 중국 간의 무역전쟁을 위시하여, 대만 문제, 동중국해 문제, 남중국해 문제 등 다양한 국제 문제와 맞물려 있고, 한반도에서는 북한의 비핵화 문제와 한반도 통일 문제에서 핵심적인 갈등의 뇌관으로 자리 잡고 있다. 따라서 우리는 한반도 비핵화와 평화를 위해서는 투키디데스 함정으로부터 벗어나야 한다. 지금까지 북한은 내부의 체제안정과 경제문제, 그리고 비대칭 외교적 수단, 강력한 외부세력에 대한 군사적 대응으로서 비대칭 전력으로서 핵무기 개발을 진행해 왔다. 그러나 이러한 북한의 핵무기 개발이 제2차 세계대전 후 지금까지 국제정치 질서에서 핵무기의 용도가 군사적 수단 보다는 정치적 수단이었다는 점에서 볼 때, 북한의 핵 문제는 군사적 문제로서 접근하기 보다는 한반도에서 미국과 중국의 패권경쟁이라는 측면에서 접근하는 것이 더 타당한 것이라고 할 수 있다. 지금까지 한반도 비핵화 문제를 위해 북한과 미국 정상회담을 2차례 가졌다. 그러나 이러한 회담과 더불어 북한과 중국의 정상회담 역시 3차례나 가졌으며, 고위급회담도 수차례에 걸쳐 진행되었다. 중국은 북한의 5차, 6차 핵실험 이후 가져왔던 태도와는 달리 북한의 환심을 사기 위하여 김정은을 특별 초청하는 등 많은 노력을 기울였다. 이것은 한반도 비핵화와 더불어 한반도 내에서 전개될 수 있는 미국 중심의 한반도 질서 재편에 대한 부담감과 경계가 작용했다고 볼 수 있다. 미국 역시 한반도 내에서 통일의 주도권과 더불어 동북아지역에서 일본과 함께 중국의 부상을 견제할 수 있는 중심축을 형성할 수 있는 국제 관계를 염두에 두기 때문이다. 따라서 한반도의 비핵화 문제는 투키디데스 함정으로부터 자유롭기 어려운 국제 정치 지형적 특성을 가지고 있다. 현 한반도의 상황에서 한반도 평화를 위한 한국교회 역할에 대한 선택사항이 많지 않다. 한국교회는 과거 독일교회의 모습에서 한반도 평화를 위한 역할을 찾아 볼 수 있다. 한국교회 역시 남북 교회가 특수성을 가진 교회로서 인정하고 교류를 통해 관계를 다지면서 협력과 상호보완을 통해 교회의 동질성과 민족 동질성을 회복하고 남북 교회가 통일의 동반자로서 교회의 역할을 해 나가야 한다. The most noticeable phenomenon of international relations in the 21st century would be the sudden rise of China. Such a rise of China could be beneficial, but also threatening to nations adjacent to it. According to Graham Allison, the rise of China implies the possibility of a hegemonic war with the US. This phenomenon of hegemony between the US and China has been closely linked with several international issues, including the ongoing trade war between these two nations, Taiwan issues, East China Sea issues, and South China Sea issues, and it has been the detonator for critical conflicts of Korea including the denuclearization of North Korea and the unification of Korea. To accomplish the denuclearization of North Korea and to achieve peace the Korean peninsula, it would be essential to escape from the trap of Thucydides. Until now, North Korea has developed nuclear weapons as the ultimate device to handle the internal system stability and economic issues of North Korea and as an asymmetric diplomatic and military means against powerful external force. However, considering the fact that nuclear weapons have been a political means rather than a military means in the international political order since the World War II, it would be more reasonable to approach the development of nuclear weapons of North Korea from the perspective of the competition of hegemony between the US and China in the Korean peninsula, rather than to address it as a military issue. So far, the US has held two summits with North Korea for the denuclearization of the Korean peninsula, but it should be never neglected that there have been three summits of China and North Korea as well as several high-level talks. Unlike the attitude of China towards North Korea after its fifth and sixth nuclear tests, China has made a lot of efforts to secure the favor of North Korea. It might be due to the pressure and wariness of China about that the re-organization of Korea after the denuclearization could be led by the US. The US is also concerned about how to construct a central axis, in cooperation with Japan, in Northeast Asia in order to contain the rise of China as well as how to secure the initiative in the unification of Korea. The denuclearization of the Korean peninsula has the geographical nature, not easy to become free from Thucydides Trap. In the current situation of the Korean peninsula, the Church of Korea has a very limited role to play. Still, it could expand its possibility by learning from the Church of Germany in the past. Although Germany became a divided nation, the Church of Germany appreciated it as a ‘special community’ rather than rejecting each other. They promoted exchanges between these two nations, in turn promoting exchanges between private organizations. Therefore, it would be possible to say that the Church of Germany played significant role in the pro-democracy movement of East Germany led by the Church of East Germany and provided a motivation to start a new unification movement beyond the influences of powerful nations. Thus, the Church of Korea should also admit that the churches of North and of South Korea are the same Church with the unique nature, and promote exchanges to recover the homogeneity, and grope for its special role to promote the unification of Korea.

Dextran Sodium Sulfate로 대장염을 유도한 흰쥐에서 캐피어 원말의 장보호 효과

고영은(Ko Young Eun),김미경(Kim Mi Kyoung),조한영(Cho Han Young),이인영(Lee In Young),이선영(Ly Sun Yung) 韓國營養學會 2008 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.41 No.5

캐피어 원말은 유산균, 효모, 다당 및 여러 영양성분을 다량 함유하고 있으며 장기능 개선 효능을 살펴보기 위하여 3주령의 수컷 흰쥐 (Sprague-Dawley)를 4군으로 나누어 정상대조군 (N군), DSS투여 대조군 (DC군)과 두 군의 캐피어 투여군으로 하여 대조군 사료와 캐피어 원말을 각각 1.5%와 3.0% 혼합한 사료로 3주간 사육하였다. 이 후 DSS 투여 대조군과 캐피어 투여군들에 5일간 2% DSS 음용수 동일한 양을 투여하여 경미한 대장염을 유도하였다. 대장염 유도 후 희생하여 소장 단백질 및 DNA 함량, 혈장 및 결장의 조직검사와 결장조직에서 TBARS와 MPO 활성, 혈장 백혈구에서의 DNA 손상 정도를 측정하였다. 실험 자료는 Windows용 SPSS package program version12.0을 이용하여 통계 처리하였고, 네 군간의 평균값의 차이를 검증하기 위하여 일원배치 분산분석 (one-way ANOVA)을 한 후, Duncan’s multiple range test로 변인간의 차이를 검증하였다. DSS 투여군 들에서 변 수분함량이 증가하고 음용수 섭취량이 증가하는 경향과 함께 결장의 조직검사 결과 DSS 투여군에서는 염증과 부종 증상을 관찰할 수 있었으며 식이무게의 3% 캐피어 원말 투여군에서는 재생성 변화를 볼 수 있었다. DSS를 투여받은 군들의 소장 점막 단백질 함량은 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 캐피어 3.0% 식이섭취한 군들에서는 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 DNA 함량에서는 차이를 볼 수 없었다. DSS 투여군에서는 결장조직의 TBARS 값이 유의적으로 증가하였으며 캐피어 투여군에서는 감소하였으나 캐피어 투여 용량에 따른 차이는 보이지 않았다. 혈장 TBARS와 결장조직의 MPO 활성은 군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. DSS 투여군에서는 혈액 백혈구 DNA의 tail length가 유의하게 증가하였으며 캐피어투여군에서는 감소하였다. 따라서 약 4주간 캐피어 원말의 투여는 2%의 DSS로 경미한 대장염을 유도한 흰쥐에서 결장 조직의 산화적 스트레스에 대한 저항력을 증가시켜 대장점막을 보호할 수 있는 기능이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. Probiotics have emerged as a potential treatment modality for numerous gastrointestinal disorders, including IBD. However, few probiotics have undergone appropriate preclinical screening in vivo. Kefir is considered a probiotic, benefiting the host through its effects in the intestinal tract. Despite numerous studies examining the action of probiotics on the host organism, few have analyzed the effects on intestinal environment. We assessed the protective effect of kefir for three weeks before inducing colitis with 2% dextran sodium sulfate for five days. The DSS loads were similar in all DSS treatment group. The results of the experiment are as follows. Food intake and FER of experimental groups were not significantly different each other, but water consumption tended to be higher in all DSS treatment groups as compared with the normal control. And visual inspection of feces revealed mild diarrhea in rat given 2% DSS. The anti-inflammatory activity of kefir was determined by myeloperoxidase activity during the DSS treatment, and there was no significant difference in any group. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as a colonic lipid peroxidation were significantly lower in the kefir intake groups than in rats treated with 2% DSS alone. The DNA % in tail and tail moment values as a DNA damage level of the blood lymphocytes in kefir intake groups tended to be lower than 2% DSS treatment alone, especially tail lengths were significantly diminished. According to the colonic histopathological assay, there were a severe inflammation of lamina propria and submucosa and mild edema in mucosa and sub mucosa in DSS alone treated group. We found a slight regenerative change in kefir treatment groups. In our experiments, this means that ulcerative colitis related to oxidative injury might be prevented by kefir as a probiotic. Further studies of the potential benefits of kefir as a probiotic in inflammatory condition are encouraged. (Korean J Nutr 2008; 41(5): 391 ~ 401)

중국 시진핑 정권의 권력구조와 종교정책에 관한 연구

고영은(Young-Eun Ko) 영남신학대학교 2019 신학과 목회 Vol.51 No.-

Xi-Jinping, a President of China following Hu-Jintao, has strived to strengthen China further through the market economy while also strengthening the rule of the communist party under the idea of Chinese Dream. The method of ruling in China experienced many changes around the year of 1978. From 1949 till 1976, Mao Zedong established the People`s Republic of China and ruled China for the socialist revolution. He monopolized the power to achieve the ideal goal of the communist party, and even justified violence as a legitimate means in execution of such goal. Deong Xiaoping, appeared after the death of Mao Zedong in 1978, changed the society of China by introducing the market economy through the reform and opening policy of China. The political system of Xi-Jinping administration takes the nature of the communist system of Mao Zedong, espoused Marx-Leninism, while adopting the capitalist market economy of Deong Xiaoping to make China stronger. In the meantime, Xi-Jinping administration has strengthened the military power to accomplish `Chinese Dream` as well as the control over its economy and society. This dual structure of China has emerged as a cause of stagnation and social instability due to the strong social control of the communist party in the times of Xi-Jinping. Based on the four theories of the political system of D. Shambaugh, the society of China in this era, of Xi-Jinping can be classified as hard authoritarianism, and the changes brought to the internal society of China due to the hard authoritarianism could lead to strong control over the church of China (except for The Three-Self Church). The change in China`s perception of religion, caused by the reformation and open policies of China, led to the changes in the perception of religion, made by ‘Five Principles of Religion’ of China. However, Xi-Jinping administration is trying to have the strong control over possible threats to the community party of China, including Christianity, NGO, and Internet. This control policy is one of strategies to consolidate the communistparty- oriented ruling system of China, which is the foundation of Xi- Jinping administration. In addition, the strategies of Xi-Jinping administration built upon the traditional culture of China have the strategic intension of eliminating the threatening factors through the strong control and suppression over the religion and culture came from the west. Such religious and cultural policies of China could cause a significant crisis in the missionary works of Korean church in China. Therefore, the Chinese church and the missionary in China should carefully observe the pressure of the international society inflicted on China and changes in China, caused by the trade conflict between the US and China, along with the future economic crisis of China. According to D. Shambaugh, the persistence of strong political over the religion, human rights, media, economic and political spheres, could aggravate the economy of China while causing severe social issues, and consequently, it could lead to the decline of the communist party of China. Thus, ‘hard authoritarianism’ of the administration of China could bring a new chance for the missionary in China despite that it might inflict a great difficulty to the church of China for a short period.

미중 패권 갈등이 한반도 평화에 미치는 영향

고영은(Young-Eun Ko) 영남신학대학교 2020 신학과 목회 Vol.54 No.-

The rise of China in the 21st century emerged as a force to break down the phenomenon that threatens the existing order in terms of the balance of power in the Northeast Asian region, and the emergence of China threatens peace through the power of the United States to envision the existing order and hegemony strategy in Northeast Asia. It appeared as an enemy. The realization of the “China Dream” proclaimed by China will inevitably lead to conflict with the US strategy for supremacy in Northeast Asia. The conflict for supremacy between the US and China in Northeast Asia appears in two main directions, and the first is the economic conflict. The US has been building economic cooperation with China so far, but has been pursuing a strategy of “decoupling” since 2019 to break away from economic closeness with China and promote economic separation. The US is now China’s high-tech industry. In addition to sanctions on Huawei, it is economically imposing sanctions on China by imposing sanctions on SMIC, a foundry company that is fostering as a key national industry in China. It is struggling with China over time. In particular, the Taiwan issue is related to the core interests of China. After the diplomatic relations between China and the United States were established, the United States has played a role in the mediator of the conflict from China against Taiwan in this region through the Taiwan Relations Act. Accordingly, tensions surrounding Taiwan are increasing by strengthening relations with Taiwan and projecting military power into the region. As a situation in Korea, the conflict for supremacy between the US and China in Northeast Asia is a burdensome situation in that it is divided into the Korean peninsula. In particular, if a long-term strategy is not devised for the reunification issue as well as the inter-Korean issue, in the issue of the US-China hegemony conflict, a major change can come in the peace and stability of the Korean Peninsula. In terms of peace and unification on the Korean peninsula, as well as in the denuclearization of the Korean peninsula, the issue of hegemony conflict between the United States and China, and the drive for unification on the Korean peninsula can be a factor of rapid geopolitical changes in countries in Northeast Asia. In the end, the journey for peace and reunification on the Korean Peninsula, diplomatic environment, and problem-solving process for the denuclearization of the Korean peninsula are inevitably great challenges for us. Therefore, it can be said that Korea"s strategy is to form diverse networks based on the ROK-US alliance and maintain a flexible balanced relationship.

4WS 차량의 안정성 제어

고영은(Young Eun Ko),송철기(Chul Ki Song) 한국자동차공학회 2008 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.16 No.3

국내 연기금 투자성과의 분해: 전략적 자산배분, 전술적 자산배분, 자산선택

고영은 ( Young-eun Ko ),정재만 ( Jay M. Chung ) 한국재무관리학회 2020 財務管理硏究 Vol.37 No.4

본 연구에서는 2010~2015년, 20개 국내 연기금의 연간 투자 성과를 전략적 자산배분(Strategic Asset Allocation, SAA), 전술적 자산배분(Tactical Asset Allocation, TAA), 자산선택(Asset Selection, AS)으로 분해하였다. 국내 연기금의 총수익률은 연평균 3.69%이었으며, SAA 3.60%, TAA -0.12%, AS 0.21%로 분해되어, SAA가 총수익률에서 97.69%를 차지하였다. 특정 연기금의 SAA가 다른 연기금과 차이를 가짐으로써 SAA의 성과를 개선시키는지 살펴보기 위해 SAA를 ASAA(Average Strategic Asset Allocation, 평균비중 전략적 자산배분), 유형 개선 전략적 자산배분(Group Enhanced Strategic Asset Allocation, GESAA), 기금 개선 전략적 자산배분(Fund Enhanced Strategic Asset Allocation, FESAA)로 추가 분해하였다. ASAA는 3.58%, FESAA는 0.02%로 ASAA가 총수익률의 97.22%를 차지하였다. 이상의 결과는 연기금 투자성과의 대부분은 다른 연기금의 평균비중 SAA로 전략적 자산배분을 하더라도 달성할 수 있으며, 투자성과를 개선하기 위해서 TAA는 소극적으로 운용하고, AS는 TAA에 비해서는 상대적으로 적극적 운용의 여지가 있음을 시사한다. We decompose the annual investment performance of 20 Korean pension and public funds in 2010-2015 into Strategic Asset Allocation (SAA), Tactical Asset Allocation (TAA), and Asset Selection (AS). The annual total return of pension and public funds in Korea is 3.69%, and it is decomposed into SAA 3.60%, TAA -0.12%, and AS 0.21%. SAA return accounts for 97.69% of the annual total return. We further decompose SAA into ASAA (Average Strategic Asset Allocation), GESAA (Group Enhanced Strategic Asset Allocation), and FESAA (Fund Enhanced Strategic Asset Allocation) to see if a particular fund improves performance by taking a different strategic asset allocation from average fund. ASAA is 3.58% and FESAA 0.02%, and ASAA accounts for 97.22% of the total annual return. These results suggest that most of the investment performance of pension and public funds can be achieved by following the average SAA of other funds, and TAA should be managed passive and AS could be managed relatively active to improve investment performance.

신형 아반테 서스펜션 개발

고영은(Young Eun Ko),박영욱(Young Wook Park),조영건(Young Gun Cho),김중주(Jung Ju Kim),이언구(Un Koo Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2006 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

This paper introduces a newly developed suspension system for new Elantra model of Hyundai Motor Company which will be on the market this year. The new chassis of Elantra has been developed to give more driving pleasure and confidence to a driver. To achieve these driving targets, the suspension has been changed and finely adjusted to achieve better ride and handling performance compared with the previous generation. Especially, a new multi-link suspension which has two upper links has been developed. The kinematics and compliance characteristics have been contrasted to those of the previous model. Also, the crashworthiness and package efficiency has been considered without limitation of suspension performance. Based on the customer's voice of market, the suspension of new Elantra has tried to fit the all kind of the customer's demand.

Time-Slot을 이용한 UWB 시스템의 전송율 개선에 관한 연구

고영은(Young Eun Ko),방성일(Sung Il Bang) 대한전자공학회 2002 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2002 No.11

NC/Nga 마우스에서 향나무 심재 추출물의 아토피 피부염 개선 효과

고영은(Young Eun Ko),남기연(Ki Yeon Nam),이정순(Jung Soon Lee),이선영(Sun Yung LY) 한국생활과학회 2012 한국생활과학회 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.11