1980年 大邱地方에서 分離한 Shigella의 菌型 및 抗菌劑耐性

薛盛用 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1980 慶北醫大誌 Vol.21 No.2

1980年 1月부터 12月 사이에 大邱地方에서 總 296株의 Shigella를 分離하였는바 菌型을 보면 總 296株中 206株(75%)가 Sh. flexneri였고 Sh. dysenteriae는 62株(21%) 였으며 Sh. sonnei는 27株(9%) 였고 Sh. bodyii는 type 4 1株 뿐이었다. Sh. dysenteriae는 46株가 type 1, 11株가 type 5, 5株가 type 2였고 Sh. flexneri는 184株가 2a였고 Y가 21株였다. 分離菌의 97%가 11種의 供試抗菌劑에 多藥劑耐性이 었으며 大部分이 5劑以上에 耐性이었다. 이들 菌은 主로 chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin 및 sulfidomidine의 4劑와 더불어 ampicillin, trimethoprim, nalidixic acid 등에 對한 耐性을 같이 가지고 있었고, kanamycin에 耐性인 것도 10株 있었다. Gentamicn, amikacin 및 cephalordine에 耐性인 것은 없었고 全供試藥劑에 感受性인것이 10株 있었다. A total of 296 strains of Shigella were isolated from stools of diarrheal patients of Taegu area during the period from January through December in 1980. Among them, 206 (75%) strains were classified as Shigella flexneri, 62 (21%) as Sh. dysenteriae, and 27 (9%) as Sh. sonnei. Only one strain was confirmed to be Sh. boydii 4. Sh. dysenteriae was classified into 46 strains of type 1 (Shiga type), 11 of type 5, and 5 of type 2. Sh. flexneri consisted of 184 strains of type 2a, 21 of variant Y, and one of type 4. Approximately 97% of strains isolated were multiply resistant to 11 antimicrobial drugs tested, and most of them were resistant to 5 or more drugs. Most strains were multiply resistant to four drugs of chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, and sulfisomidine. In addition to these drugs, there were many strains resistant to one or more drugs of ampicillin, trimethoprim and/or nalidixic acid. There were 10 strains resistant to kanamycin in addition with other drugs. No strain was resistant to gentamicin, amikacin, and cephaloridine, and 10 strains were susceptible to all drugs tested.

痢疾 A 群菌의 R Plasmid 의 非適合性

趙晟龍,薛盛用,全燾基 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1981 慶北醫大誌 Vol.22 No.1

1978年과 1979年에 大邱地方에서 分離한 Shigella는 大部分이 chloramphenicol(Cm), tetracycline(Tc), streptomycin(Sm) 및 sulfisomidine(Sa) 또는 ampicillin, trimethoprin 또는 nalidixic acid(Na) 등에 多藥劑耐性이었으며 이들 耐性菌의 80% 以上이 Na를 除外한 全耐性을 接合에 의하여 E. coli에 傳達시킬 수 있어 이들 耐性은 R plasmid에 由來하는 것임을 알 수 있었다. 任意로 選擇한 各 耐性樣相을 가진 菌의 R plasmid에 對하여 表面排除를 實驗한바 A 群由來의 Cm, Tc, Sm 및 Sa 耐性 plasmid를 除外한 全供試 plasmid는 相互間에 導入排除가 强하여 이들은 같은 非適合性群에 屬하는 것으로 思料되며 各 非適合性群의 標準 plasmid와의 反應에서는 FⅣ 非適合性群 plasmid와의 表面排除가 强하여 이 群 또는 이와 關係가 깊은 群의 plasmid로 推測되었다. Cm, Tc, Sm 및 Sa 耐性 plasmid를 갖은 A群(S. dysenteriae)菌이 4株 있었는데 그 중 1株의 R plasmid만이 O非適合性群임이 導入實驗에 의하여 判明되었고 殘餘 3株의 plasmid는 O群과의 適合性이며 FⅣ 또는 이와 關係가 깊은 非適合性群임을 알 수 있었다. The majority of Shigella strains isolated in 1978 and 1979 in Taegu area were found resistant to four or more drugs of chloramphenicol (Cm), tetracycline (Tc), streptomycin (Sm), sulfisomidine (Sa), ampicillin, trimethoprim, and nalidixic acid (Na). Approximately 80% of multiply drug-resistant strains transferred by conjugation the complete resistance to drugs except Na to E. coli K12 substrains, and the resistance was determined as plasmid-mediated. Plasmids encoding various patterns of drug resistance were transferred to E. coli and the mutual surface exclusion was studied on randomly selected plasmids in Shigella of various patterns of resistance. All plasmids except one from S. dysenteriae were found to be mutually incompatible. The surface exclusion test of these plasmids with standard R plasmids of known incompatibility group showed that all these plasmids were strongly excluded when introduced in Inc FⅣ, while well accepted by other incompatibility group plasmids. One plasmid from S. dysenteriae conferring resistance to Cm, Tc, Sm, and Sa was confirmed belong to Inc group 0 by surface exclusion and colony tests. There were four strains resistant to Cm, Tc, Sm, and Sa in S. dysenteriae, and the other three plasmids were suspectcd belong to Inc FⅣ or related group.

보드 레벨 플립칩의 4점 굽힘 시험 시 파단 특성 연구

이용성,정종설,이재헌,신기훈,정성균 한국공작기계학회 2008 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

In general, circuit board assemblies experience various mechanical loadings during assembly and in actual use. The repeated cyclic bending can cause electrical failures due to circuit board cracks, solder interconnects cracks, and the component cracks. In this paper, we report on the failure characteristics of board level flip chips under the repeated cyclic bending. We first describe a new 4-point bending tester, which is developed according to JEDEC standard No.. 22B113. The performance of the tester is then estimated through actual experiments . Test results reveal that the cracks first occur on the outer balls around 20,000 cycles and gradually propagate to the inner balls where cracks are found around 70,000 cycles.

기판 레벨 플립칩의 반복 굽힘 시험기의 개발

이용성,정종설,신기훈,정성균 한국공작기계학회 2007 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

Circuit board assemblies experience various mechanical loadings during assembly and in actual use. The repeated cyclic bending can cause electrical failures due to circuit board cracks, solder interconnects cracks, and the component cracks. This paper presents a cylic bending tester developed especially for evaluating the reliability of board level flip chips under the repeated cyclic bending. The tester employs the concept of 4-point bending test and complies to JEDEC standard No. 22B113 that is intended to evaluate and compare the performance of surface mount electronic components in an accelerated test environment. The performance of the tester will be estimated through the cross check of the test results in the future work.

도재소부용 저금함유금합금에서 열처리에 따른 Sn의 영향

남상용,김치영,조현설 대구보건대학 1999 대구보건대학 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

This study was carried out by oberserving to compositions of oxide on the surface of dental porcelain low gold alloy with various Indium addtions according to the degassing and analysing the change composition of additional elements Sn on diffusion behaviors of porcelain-metal surfaces. The specimens used were Au-Pd-Ag alloys by small Tin addition. These specimens were treated for 10min at 1000℃ in vacuum condition. To investigate the micrstructure of oxidized alloy surface, SEM and EDAX were used and EPMA were used to investigate the diffusion behaviors of porcelain-metal surfaces. X-ray diffraction were used to observe the morphological changes in the oxidation zone. Te results of this study were obtained as follows: 1) The Tin oxidation increased with increasing Sn content after hear treatment. 2) In concentration of Sn on metal-porcelain surface, Sn-6 was most significantry increased 3) In thickness of Sn on metal-porcelain surface, Sn-9 was most significantry increased 4) The oxidations of alloy surface were mainly SnO₂.

1980年度 痢疾樣 大便을 가진 患兒들에 對한 臨床的 細菌學的 觀察

趙龍勳,南聖枝,具滋薰,安斗洪,薛盛用 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1980 慶北醫大誌 Vol.21 No.2

1980年 1月부터 1980年 8月까지 滿 8個月間 痢疾樣 大便을 主訴로 本 小兒科에서 入院및 來院한 患兒 75名을 對象으로 臨床的, 細菌學的 觀察을 하여 다음과 같은 咸績을 얻었다. 年齡別 分布는 1歲에서 5歲 사이가 35例(47%)로 가장 높았으며 이들中 Shigella는 23例(30%), Entameba histolytica는 13例(17%)였고 Vibrio parahaemolyticus는 한 例도 檢出되지 않았다. 檢出된 Shigella 23菌株는 모두 Shigella flexneri 였다. 月別分布는 6月 16例(20%), 7月 30例(40%)로서 最多數를 占하였으나 細菌性 痢疾의 경우 月別에 관계없이 均等하게 分布하고 있었다. 臨床症狀및 理學的 所見으로는 細菌性痢疾의 경우 38℃ 以上의 發熱 19例(83%), 嘔吐 6例(26%), 腹痛 8例(35%), 痙攣 5例(22%)였으며, 아메바性 痢疾에서는 發熱 4例(31%), 痙攣 1例(8%)로서 細菌性 痢疾에서 아메바性 痢疾보다 發熱과 痙攣이 빈번히 나타났다. 泄瀉의 性狀에서는 細菌性 痢疾 23例中 血粘液性이 19例(83%)였는데 비해 아메바性 痢疾 13例에서는 粘液性이 8例(62%)였다. 泄瀉의 回數에서도 細菌性 痢疾에서는 대부분이 11回以上이었는데 比해 아메바性 痢疾에서는 대부분이 10回未滿이었다. 末梢血液에서의 白血球數는 全例의 35%에서 白血球 增多症을 보였다. 分離된 Shigella 23菌株에 對한 抗生劑 感受性 檢査를 平板混合포稀釋法에 依해 調査해 본 結果 kanamycin, gentamicin, amikacin, cephaloridine, rifampin이 100%의 感受性을 나타내어 가장 높았고, nalidixic acid에서도 87%의 感愛性을 나타냈으며, sulfonamide, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, bactrim 에서는 한 菌株를 제외한 모든 菌株에서 耐性을 나타냈다. 그리고 이들 Shigella 23菌株中 1菌株를 제외한 나머지 모든 菌株에서 6種 以上의 抗生物質에 對해 多抗生物質耐性을 보여 주었다. A clinical and laboratory study was conducted on 75 children with dysentery-like stool, who were admitted or visited to our pediatric department during 8 months period from January to August 1980. The following results were obtained: One to five years of age group was affected most frequently (47%). Shigella flexneri was identified by stool culture in 23 cases (30%) and Entameba hitolytica in 13 cases (17%). In bacillary dysentery group, fever was the most common symptom occuring in 83%, followed by abdominal pain in 35%, vomiting in 26% and convulsion in 22%. In amoebic dysentery group, fever was noted in 31% and convulsion in 8%, showing some contrast to the frequency of fever and CNS manifestation. About the character of diarrheal stools, 83% of bacillary dysentery group showed bloody, mucoid stool and 62% of amoebic dysentery group mucoid ones. Frequency of diarrhea was 11 times per day or more in 73% of bacillary dysentery patients, and 10 times per day or less in 92% of amoebic dysentery patients. The result of sensitivity test of isolated Shigella to various antibiotics were as follow: 100% sensitive to kanamicin, gentamicin, amikacin, cephaloridine and rifampin. 87% to nalidixic acid, and 4.3% to sulfonamide, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracyclin, ampicillin and bactrim. And 22 out of 23 isolated Shigella strains revealed multiplydrug-resistance patterns to 6 or more antibiotics.

Sn-xAg-0.5Cu 무연 솔더 볼의 파단특성 연구

정종설,이용성,신기훈,정성균,장동영 한국공작기계학회 2008 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

This paper presents a study on the failure characteristics of SnAgCu lead-free solder balls. To estimate the effect of Ag, three types of SnAgCu balls are first prepared by varying the weight percent of Ag (1.0, 3.0, 4.0 wt%) and then analyzed by reliability tests such as thermal shock, high speed ball shear, and drop tests. Thermal shock test reveals that the higher the weight percent of Ag is, the longer the fatigue life becomes. To the contrary, high speed ball-shear test and drop test show that the shear strength and the fracture toughness of solder balls are inversely proportional to the weight percent of Ag, respectively. Reasons for these observations will be further investigated in the future work.

이질균의 병원성과 수종의 염색체 흡착능과의 상관성

이경민,설성용,조동택 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1991 慶北醫大誌 Vol.32 No.1

To study the correlation between virulence and dye binding of Shigella, 4 invasive strains and 6 non-invasive mutants of S. flexneri to HeLa cell were subjected to investigate the binding ability to congo red, basic fuchsin, safranin and crystal violet in both agar plate and solution. All virulent strains were pigmented on the agar plate containing dyes and some of avirulent mutants also pigmented. Few strains of avirulent mutants showed different dye binding by the concentration of dyes. Dye binding in solution, virulent strains were more binding to the dye than avirulent mutants, but there was no significant statistical difference. Longer the incubation time, more take up the amounts of dyes. But, 1 hour incubated strains were less binding to the dye than 24 hour incubated strains in solution containing crystal violet. There were not always correlation between agar plate and solution in degree of dye binding. To study the correlation between virulence and plasmid carriage, electrophoresis of plasmid DNA was carried out. Four invasive strains of S. flexneri harbored 140 megadalton (Mdal) plasmids and all non-invasive mutants of S. flexneri harbored plasmids between 57 and 95 Mdal, instead of 140 Mdal.

Bochner 방법을 응용한 Shigella의 약제내성 제거

최정현,이제철,설성용 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1991 慶北醫大誌 Vol.32 No.1

To study the optimal curing condition on selective medium described by Bochner et al. and modified medium, six strains of S. flexneri and 2 strains of S. sonnei were tested for minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of quinaldic acid and cured resistance pattern. Also, changing patterns of elimination according to incubation temperature were investigated at 37℃ and 42℃. MICs of Shigella on original Bochner medium and modified medium were 50 5o 400㎍/㎖. But MICs of Shigella were above of 400㎍/㎖ on the Bochner's medium excluding tetracycline and sodium phosphate. There were no differences in MIC between at 37℃ and 42℃. On the Bochner's medium, losses of drug resistance were more effective than other medium and cured resistance pattern was partial or total of original resistance, regardless of incubation temperature. Frequencies of curing were low on modified Bochner's medium, but most of cured resistance pattern were total resistance of Shigella. Frequencies of curing at 42℃ were similar to 37℃, but some strains showed resistance loss only at 42℃. MICs of 8 strains of Shigella were above of 400㎍/㎖ and no strains detected resistance loss on the both tryptic soy agar and tryptic soy broth.

한국대학생의 도덕사태 개념화 및 그 변화과정에 관한 연구(II)

송명자,조용하,설기문,김상윤 東亞大學校 學生生活硏究所 1992 學生硏究 Vol.20 No.-

This study aims to analyze the moral judgmental levels and the conceptions of transgressions of Korean college students in a series of multifacted events and the aspects of change in terms of moral judgmental level and conceptualizastion after with two years' college experience. The study was based on the Kohlberg's cognitive moral development theory and on the domain-distinction model in which children's intuitive abilities are stressed. This study was consisted of two sub-studies done in 1989 and 1991 respectively. The subjects of the 1st year study were 416 college students in four major cities(Seoul, Taegu, Kwangjoo, and Pusan). The subjects of the longitudinal analysis of second year study were 199 college students who could be followed up among the subjects of the 1st year study after two years. The instruments used in this study were Test of Moral Judgmental Development and Test of Conceptualization on Mulifaceted Events developed by the authors on the basis of Kohlberg's and Turiel's theories respectively. The following conclusions were obtained through the basis of the results and discussions of this study. First, Korean college students' false responses to moral issues decrease but the radical and anti-social responses increase after two years, and ther these responses are replaced by the level Ⅲmoral judgmental responses. Second, college students who are on the higher moral judgmental level conceptualize the transgression in social conventional and personal domains less permissible than those on the lower levels do. The students who are on the lower judgmental level reveal the decrese of nonpermissibility in social conventional domain with two years' college experience than those on the higher level do.