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Na<sub>2</sub>S 하부층을 이용한 Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> 광흡수층의 저온증착 및 Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> 박막태양전지에의 응용
신해나라,신영민,김지혜,윤재호,박병국,안병태,Shin, Hae Na Ra,Shin, Young Min,Kim, Ji Hye,Yun, Jae Ho,Park, Byung Kook,Ahn, Byung Tae 한국태양광발전학회 2014 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.2 No.1
High-efficiency in $Cu(In,Ga)Se_2$ (CIGS) solar cells were usually achieved on soda-lime glass substrates due to Na incorporation that reduces deep-level defects. However, this supply of sodium from sodalime glass to CIGS through Mo back electrode could be limited at low deposition temperature. Na content could be more precisely controlled by supplying Na from known amount of an outside source. For the purpose, an $Na_2S$ layer was deposited on Mo electrode prior to CIGS film deposition and supplied to CIGS during CIGS film. With the $Na_2S$ underlayer a more uniform component distribution was possible at $350^{\circ}C$ and efficiency was improved compared to the cell without $Na_2S$ layer. With more precise control of bulk and surface component profile, CIGS film can be deposited at low temperature and could be useful for flexible CIGS solar cells.
Na₂S 하부층을 이용한 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 광흡수층의 저온증착 및 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 박막태양전지에의 응용
신해나라(Hae Na Ra Shin),신영민(Young Min Shin),김지혜(Ji Hye Kim),윤재호(Jae Ho Yun),박병국(Byung Kook Park),안병태(Byung Tae Ahn) 한국태양광발전학회 2014 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.2 No.1
High-efficiency in Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) solar cells were usually achieved on soda-lime glass substrates due to Na incorporation that reduces deep-level defects. However, this supply of sodium from sodalime glass to CIGS through Mo back electrode could be limited at low deposition temperature. Na content could be more precisely controlled by supplying Na from known amount of an outside source. For the purpose, an Na₂S layer was deposited on Mo electrode prior to CIGS film deposition and supplied to CIGS during CIGS film. With the Na₂S underlayer a more uniform component distribution was possible at 350°C and efficiency was improved compared to the cell without Na₂S layer. With more precise control of bulk and surface component profile, CIGS film can be deposited at low temperature and could be useful for flexible CIGS solar cells.
Park, Shi-Young,Seo, Soo Boon,Lee, Soo-Jung,Na, Jong-Gil,Kim, Yung-Jin 부산대학교 유전공학연구소 2001 분자생물학 연구보 Vol.17 No.-
Sodium tolerance in yeast is enhanced by continuous activation of calcineurin, a Ca^2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase that is required for modulation of the Na^+ efflux mechanism. We isolated several salt-tolerant mutations with the treatment of ethylmethane sulfonate under high salt stress. One of the mutations was mapped in the PMR1 gene. Pmr1p, the P-type Ca^2+ -ATPase in the Colgi apparatus, regulates a cytosolic Ca^2+ level in various responses. Cytosolic Ca^2+ concentration in the pmr1 mutant is highly maintained, and thus calcineurin is activated continuously. The treatment of FK506, a specific inhibitor of calcineurin, abolishes the salt-tolerant phenotype of the pmr1 mutant. Activates caicineurin induces the expression of PMR2, encoding the P-type Na^+-ATPase, through the specific transcription factor, Tcn1p/Crzlp. Also, experssion of the PMR2::lacZ reporter gene in the pmr1 higher than that in wild type. We propose that the pmr1 mutation confers salt tolerance through continuous activation of calcineurin and that Pmr1p might act as a major Ca^2+-ATPase under high salt stress.
Na, Hye Young,Sohn, Moah,Ryu, Seul Hye,Choi, Wanho,In, Hyunju,Shin, Hyun Soo,Park, Chae Gyu 한국조명·전기설비학회 2018 한국조명·전기설비학회 학술대회논문집 Vol. No.
<P>Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) are generated from bone marrow (BM) cells cultured with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for a week. In this study we investigated the effect of duration on the BM culture with GM-CSF. Within several months, the cells in the BM culture gradually expressed homogeneous levels of CD11c and major histocompatibility complex II on surface, and they became unable to stimulate allogeneic naïve T cells in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). In addition, when the BM culture were sustained for 32 wk or longer, the BM cells acquired ability to suppress the proliferation of allogeneic T cells in MLR as well as the response of ovalbumin-specific OT-I transgenic T cells in antigen-dependent manner. We found that, except for programmed death-ligand 1, most cell surface molecules were expressed lower in the BM cells cultured with GM-CSF for the extended duration. These results indicate that BM cells in the extended culture with GM-CSF undergo 2 distinct steps of functional change; first, they lose the immunostimulatory capacity; and next, they gain the immunosuppressive ability.</P>
Characteristics of Cytosolic Calcium-Independent Phospholipase A₂ Isolated from Rat Liver
Park, Young Min,Na, Doe Sun,Won, Jong Hak,Rhee, Hae Jin The Korea Science and Technology Center 1999 BMB Reports Vol.32 No.2
A calcium-independent phospholipase A₂(iPLA₂)was identified from the cytosolic fraction of rat liver cells. On gel filtration chromatography, the iPLA₂activity was eluted as broad peaks of 150 to 500 kDa. The enzyme was maximally active at pH 7.5, retained 75% of its original activity after heating at 50。C for 5 h, and was inhibited by Ca²+, Mg²+, and Zn²+ ions, but was not affected by Na+ and K+ ions. The enzymatic activity was increased up to 150% by 1 to 4 mM DTT and was inhibited up to 25% by 0.1 to 1 mM PMSF. The iPLA₂activity had preference for the head group of phospholipids, where phosphatidylethanolamine was preferred to phosphatidycholine. The results suggest that the iPLA₂may be a novel enzyme distinct from the previously reported iPLA₂s.
'담장 허물기'에 따른 주거환경변화에 대한 거주자 의식 조사
나경욱(Na Kyoung-Wook),전명화(Jeon Myung-Hwa),정미렴(Jung Mi-Ryum),박영기(Park Young-Ki) 대한건축학회 2008 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.28 No.1(계획계)
The purpose of this study is to survey about the changes of the resident's behavior and psychology after house's opening of fence project in Seoul. This research attempts to evaluate the people through a view of physical, psychological and social way. The method of evaluation used a field investigation, an interview and a checklist that was made from related references. The result of this study, the residential satisfaction has slightly improved after opening of fence. Especially the people could reduce the stress of parking. But the people have a serious anxiety that concerns with privacy and crime prevention because of the indefinite area. On the other hand, the change of the people's behavior and psychology about the area of defence has extended from their garden to neighbour and the street of the area.
주차 수요에 따른 공동주택단지의 적정 개발 밀도에 관한 연구 : 대구광역시를 중심으로
이나영,박몽섭,홍원화,하재명 대한건축학회 1999 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.19 No.2
The purpose of this study is to provide proper development density for multi-family housing estates. In this study, we predicted the parking demand in 2005 in Taegu. And then using that parking demand, we estimated the proper development density of multi-family housing acetates according to the size of multi-family housing estates, the composition ratio of the unit sizes(small size, medium size, large size), the stories of underground parking-lots and the degree of outdoor space which parking-lots occupy.
Insulation Coating of Fe–Si–Cr Soft Magnetic Powder by Selective Oxidation
Jae‑Young Park,Kwangsuk Park,Bosung Seo,Julien O. Fadonougbo,Tae‑Wook Na,Ki Beom Park,Hyeon‑Tae Im,Nong‑Moon Hwang,Hyung‑Ki Park 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.7
This study examines the insulation coating technology of Fe–Si–Cr powder via selective oxidation annealing, which oxidizeselements selectively by controlling the oxidation potential. The study calculated the oxidation driving force of Fe, Si, andCr, and conducted a thermodynamic analysis of oxidation and reduction conditions according to temperature and oxidationpotential. Based on the results, a selective oxidation annealing was performed in an atmosphere in which Fe is reduced andonly Si and Cr are selectively oxidized. The oxidation potential was controlled through the partial pressure ratio of hydrogenand water vapor. The XPS analysis results confirmed that a Si and Cr complex oxide layer formed on the powder surfaceafter the selective oxidation annealing. Afterward, withstanding voltages were analyzed to evaluate the insulation property. Then, the withstanding voltage of the powder applying the selective oxidation annealing increased significantly comparedto that of the initial powder. Further analysis showed that the powder annealed in an air atmosphere had a significantly lowersaturation magnetic flux density than the initial powder, while the powder applying the selective oxidation annealing hadonly a slightly reduced saturation magnetic flux density.
퍼머넌트와 염색 연결시술시 정향트리트먼트 적용시점에 따른 모발보호효과
박미나ㆍ정지영ㆍ고경숙(Mi na ParkㆍJee Young JungㆍKyoung sook Ko) 한국인체미용예술학회 2016 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.17 No.1
This study attempted to determine the effects of hair protection by investigating the characteristics and possibilities of hair cosmetics using the hot water extracts of Syzygium aromaticum and then hair-protection effects were confirmed through pre-treatment and post-treatment at consecutive chemical treatments. At the consecutive chemical treatments, the general treatment was divided into pretreatment(N1) and general treatment post-process(N2). Then, the Syzygium aromaticum-based treatment was divided into pre-treatment(J1) and post processing(J2). According to the analysis, tensile strength was the highest in the Syzygium aromaticum extract treatment group. At consecutive treatments, ‘J2’ which processed treatment for Syzygium aromaticum, was the highest. In terms of hair thickness, the Syzygium aromaticum group was greater than the general treatment group. When measured to determine the morphological characteristics of ‘Hair’ at 20,000 magnifications using SEM, the Syzygium aromaticum extract post-treatment group (J2) revealed the highest value (373.98±10.83㎚). Regarding hair composition under the EDS, Syzygium aromaticum extract post-treatment group was the highest with 07.77% interms of sulfur content. The results confirmed that Syzygium aromaticum extract treatment is extremely effective in easing hair damage which is caused by consecutive dyeing after permanent. Therefore, the Syzygium aromaticum extract treatment would be effective in preventing hair damage and keeping hair healthy and glossy.