프레스티지 브랜드에 대해 소비자가 인지하는 럭셔리함의 정도와 이에 영향을 미치는 마케팅 활동 연구

김지은 ( Jieun Kim ),( Kim K Johnson ) 아시아.유럽미래학회 2016 유라시아연구 Vol.13 No.3

소비자가 특정 프레스티지 브랜드에 대해 "럭셔리하다"(럭셔리함)라고 느끼는 정도는 소비자가 프레스티지 브랜드를 구매하는 과정에 중요한 영향을 끼친다고 볼수 있겠다. 따라서 소비자가 특정 브랜드에서 느끼는``럭셔리함``은 프레스티지 브랜드 매니저들이나 마케터들에게는 성공적으로 운영해야 하는 중요한 지표가 될 수 있을 것이며, 이들 마케터들은 브랜드의 "럭셔리함(럭셔리한 정도)"을 효과적으로 운영하기 위해서 광고나 가격정책 등 다양한 마케팅 계획을 세울 수 있겠다. 이러한 상황에서 이들 브랜드매니저들이 마케팅 프로그램이 "럭셔리함" 구축에 어떤 영향을 끼치는지를 알수 있다면 보다 효과적인마케팅 프로그램을 수립하는데 큰 도움이 될 것이다. 이 연구는 이러한 프레스티지 브랜드 경영의 주요지표인 ``럭셔리함``이 마케팅 프로그램에 따라 어떻게 영향을 받는지에 대해 검증하고자 하였다. 또한 마케팅 전략 수립시 좀더 기술적이고 실무적으로 도움이 될 수 있도록 소비자행동을 이해하고자하였다. 구체적으로, 프레스티지 브랜드를 포함한 다양한 럭셔리 상품들을 구매하는 소비자층에는 럭셔리 상품에 대한 태도에 따라 두가지 소비자 그룹(elitists vs. democratics)으로 분류가 될 수 있는데, 이들의 태도에 따라 마케팅 프로그램의 결과가 어떻게 나타나는지 검증하고자 하였다. 이러한 연구는 브랜드 매니저와 마케터들에게 타겟에 따른 더욱 효과적인 마케팅을 할 수 있도록 도움이 될 것이다. 다행히도 럭셔리함을 측정하기 위해 5가지 구성요소(conspicuousness, quality, uniqueness, extendedself, hedonism)로 이루어진 BLI 스케일(Vigneron & Johnson, 2004)이 개발되었으며, 이후 이 측정도구의 신뢰성과 타당성에 의문이 제기되어 2015년에 Kim과 Johnson이 위의 측정도구를 수정하였다. 수정된BLI 스케일은 본래의 BLI 스케일과 같은 수인 5개의 요소로 구성되어 있으나 구성 요소에 있어서 다음과 같이 약간의 변동이 있다: quality, extended self, hedonism, accessibility, tradition. 또한 이 연구를 위해 5가지 마케팅 활동으로 이루어진 마케팅 믹스에 대한 소비자의 인식을 측정할 수 있는 스케일 (Yoo et al., 2000)을 사용하였으며, 이들 다섯 가지 마케팅 활동은 다음과 같다: 가격, 매장이미지, 유통망 밀집도, 광고지출액, 가격프로모션. 이 연구를 위해 데이터 수집은 미국에서 온라인 서베이 수단을 통해서 이루어졌으며, 총 253명의 답변으로 분석을 하였다. 5가지의 마케팅 믹스 요소(가격, 매장이미지, 유통망 밀집도, 광고지출액, 가격프로모션)가 5가지 요소로 구성된 ``럭셔리함``에 끼치는 영향력을 알아보기 위해 MANOVA가 사용되었으며, 위의 두 가지의 럭셔리 소비자 집단이 마케팅 활동이 럭셔리함에 끼치는 영향력에 어떻게 간섭하는지를 분석하기 위해서는 ANOVA가 사용되었다. 결론으로, 광고지출액을 제외한 4가지의 마케팅 믹스 활동은 모두 럭셔리함에 유효한 영향력을 끼치고 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 특히 가격과 유통망 밀집도가 럭셔리함의 모든 요소들에 영향을 끼치고 있었다. 구체적으로 보면, 가격과 유통망 밀집도는 럭셔리함을 구성하는 다섯 가지 요소(i.e., consumers` perceptionabout quality, extended self, hedonism, accessibility, tradition) 모두에게 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났으며, 매장이미지는 quality, extended self, hedonism, accessibility에만 영향을 끼치고 tradition에는 영향력이 없음이 밝혀졌다. 가격프로모션은 quality, extended self, accessibility, tradition에는 유의한 영향력이 있으나, hedonism에는 영향을 끼치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 럭셔리 상품에 대한 태도는 세가지 마케팅(가격, 유통망 밀집도, 가격프로모션) 활동 중 가격이 럭셔리함에 주는 영향력에만 간섭을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 다시 말하면, 럭셔리 상품에 대한 태도로 분류된 두 집단은 가격에 대한 영향력을 달리 받고 있었다. 즉 같은 가격 조건에서 럭셔리함에 대한 인지는 서로 달리 하고 있었다. 예를 들면, 엘리티스트 (elitist)들은 고가의 가격정책이 럭셔리함을 느끼는데매우 중요하였으나, 데모크래틱 (democratic)들은 가격이 높고 낮음에 따라 이들이 느끼는 럭셔리함의 정도가 크게 영향을 받지 않음을 볼 수 있었다. 따라서 어떤 고객을 타겟으로 하느냐에 따라서 가격 정책은 달리하여야 할 것으로 보인다. 예를 들면, 매스 럭셔리 소비자를 대상으로 운영하는 브랜드라면 럭셔리함을 유지하기 위해 너무 높은 마진을 책정하지 않을 수 있을 것이다. 그러나 유통망 밀집도와 가격프로모션의 차이에 대해 두 집단이 인식하는 럭셔리함에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 존재하지 않았음을 볼 수 있었다. 아마도 가격프로모션이 잦은 경우 일반적으로 상품 질에 대한 신뢰도에 부정적인 영향을 끼치기 때문인 것으로 보이며, 유통망 밀집도의 경우는 실제로 프레스티지 브랜드 매장이 매우 한정적으로만 제공될 때 그 브랜드에 대해 매우 럭셔리하게 느끼기 때문일 것으로 판단된다. Consumers` belief about how luxurious a specific prestige brand is, influences consumer`s behaviors. To manage the perceived luxuriousness of a brand, marketers of a prestige brand may adopt a variety of marketing actions such as advertising, managing their store environment, conducting promotions, and so forth. In order to build efficient and effective marketing programs, a prestige brand company needs to know how their marketing programs contribute to consumer`s perceptions of their brand. Therefore, our first research question is: "How do the marketing programs of existing prestige brands affect consumer`s perceptions of the luxuriousness of the brand?" In addition, understanding consumer`s behavior is essential for marketers to make strategic and tactical decisions about specific marketing actions. Considering that there are two luxury consumer groups (i.e., the elitists vs. the democratics) who show a different attitude toward a luxury good, a question as to whether applying the same marketing strategies to shape perceptions of the luxuriousness of a brand is effective across these two consumer groups was raised. This reasoning led to the second research question; "do both groups respond similarly to a marketing program or does the program have to be customized for each group?" In order to investigate the research problems, we adopted the modified BLI scale (Kim & Johnson, 2015) to measure the perceived luxuriousness of a prestige brand and a scale to measure consumer perceptions of the five marketing mix elements(i.e., price, store image, distribution intensity, advertising expenditures, and price promotions) developed by Yoo et al.(2000). The modified BLI scale has five dimensions (i.e., quality, extended-self, hedonism, accessibility, tradition). Online survey was conducted in USA to collect data. 253 responses were used in analysis. MANOVA was conducted to assess if perception about each marketing mix element influenced components of perceived luxuriousness (i.e., quality, extended-self, hedonism, accessibility, and tradition). And ANOVA was used to investigate whether the influence of price, distribution intensity, and price promotions on overall perceived luxuriousness would be moderated by consumers`` attitude toward luxury (i.e., elitist, democratic). As a result, four marketing mix elements (i.e., price, store image, distribution intensity, and frequency of price promotion) influenced perceived luxuriousness. Only advertising expenditure did not have significant effect on perceived luxuriousness. More specifically, price and distribution intensity influenced all the dimensions of perceived luxuriousness (i.e., consumers` perception about quality, extended-self, hedonism, accessibility, tradition). In addition, the findings regarding the role of attitudes toward luxury indicated that there are at least two types of consumer groups within luxury market who view luxury brands differently. The impact of the marketing mix elements on perceived luxuriousness of a prestige brand was different for these two groups. The elitists seem to consider high price as a very important attribute of a prestige brand thus they are highly influenced by price when evaluating the luxuriousness of a prestige brand in contrast to the democratic luxury consumer. This result is consistent with researchers (Dubois et al., 2005) who demonstrated there were two different attitudes toward luxury. Dubois and his colleagues (2005) showed that the elitists agreed with the idea that luxury is inevitable expensive while the democratics did not agree. However, frequent offers of price promotions eroded the degree of luxuriousness for both the elitists and the democratics. The reason why both groups may have had the same attitude toward price promotionnegative effect on perceived luxuriousness.may be because price promotions suggest unstable quality (Winter, 1991). In addition, both groups revealed a similar impact of distribution intensity on luxuriousness. They both indicated a high degree of the perceived luxuriousness with low levels of distribution intensity. This result may be because prestige brands that are generally regarded as very luxurious have very limited distribution in the real world.

김창협의 사단칠정 논의 고찰: 퇴·율절충론 평가에 대한 비판적 검토

김지은 ( Kim Jieun ) 한국공자학회 2024 공자학 Vol.52 No.-

학계에서 주목하는 대표적인 퇴(退) 율(栗) 절충론자로는 조성기(趙聖期), 임영(林泳), 김창협(金昌協) 등이 있다. 이들은 모두 서인(西人)에 속한 학자들이었음에도 이이(李珥)의 ‘기발리승일도설(氣發理乘一途說)’을 무비판적으로 묵수하지도 않았고, 이황(李滉)의 ‘호발설(互發說)’을 무조건적으로 배척하지도 않았다. 이들은 이황과 이이의 학설을 참고자료로 활용하며 주희의 이론적 입장에 부합하는 사단칠정 논의를 개진하고자 했다. 이이가 이황의 호발명제를 하나의 마음에 대해 존재론적으로 상이한 감정의 발로 기제를 상정한 명제로 단언하며 비판하였던것과 달리, 이들은 호발설이 리기불상리(理氣不相離) 원칙에 위배되는 듯한 ‘표현상’의 문제를 지닌다는 정도로만 이해하며, 사단(四端)과 칠정(七情)을 구분한 이황의 시도를 긍정하였다. 그럼에도 이들은 호발설이 갖는 오해의 소지를 없애고자, 이이가 리기불상리 원칙에 따라 마음의 발로 기제가 하나일 뿐임을 역설하였던 것을 논의의 논리적 기반으로 삼았다. 하지만 이들은 이이의 기발리승일도설이 리의 위상을 약화하는 난점을 지닌다고 보며 ‘리의 역할’을 중심으로 사단을 설명하였는데, 바로 이 지점에서 조성기 및 임영과 구분되는 김창협의 입장이 확인된다. 조성기와 임영은 이황의 호발설에 착안하여 리의 역할을 중심으로 사단을 해석함으로써, 이이의 학설이 갖는 약점을 극복하고자 하였다. 반면에 김창협은 이황이 사단과 칠정을 의미상 주리와 주기로 구분한 취지는 긍정하였으나, 호발설을 통해 리의 역할을 드러내려 한 이황의 의도에는 주목하지 않았다. 오히려 이황의 사단 해석을 이이의 사단 이해와 유사한 것으로 간주하였다. 그러나 학문적 차원에서 의리(義理)를 실현하려는 문제의식을 지니며 의리의 내용을 담지한 ‘리(理)’를 적극적으로 해석하고자 했던 김창협은 사단을 이루는 리의 역할을 사유할 수 있었고, 이에 입각하여 이이 학설이 갖는 논리적 난점을 극복하려 하였다. 김창협이 리의 역할을 강조한 이황의 사단 해석에 근거하여 이이 학설의 논리적 약점을 보완하지 않은 데에는 그가 처했던 실존적 상황이 있었다. 당시 김창협은 서인의 학문적 정치적 입지를 회복하는 작업에 매진하였기에 이이의 학설이 갖는 논리적 약점을 이황의 설에 의거하여 보완하기란 부담이 될 수밖에 없었다. 그것은 남인에게 이론적 공격의 빌미를 제공하는 동시에 이이 학설의 학문적 정통성을 위협할 수 있었기 때문이다. 김창협의 사칠 논의는 이황과 이이의 이론적 장점을 종합한 퇴 율 절충론이라기보다, 서인의 학문적 정체성인 이이의 ‘기발리승일도설’의 내적 완결성을 추구하는 데 중요한 의의를 둔 것이라 평가할 수 있다. Prominent figures in the academic community who supported the eclecticism of Toegye and Yulgok were Cho Sung-gi, Lim Young and Kim Chang-hyeop. Although these scholars belonged to the Seo-in(西人) group, they did not unconditionally accept Lee Yi’s theory or reject Lee Hwang’s theory outright. They took Lee Hwang and Lee Yi's theories as a reference and tried to develop a discussion in line with Zhu's theoretical position. Unlike Lee Yi, who criticized and refuted the assertions of Lee Hwang, they approached the issue by understanding the problem at an expressive level within the Lee Hwang’s theory. They also acknowledged Lee Hwang’s attempt to distinguish between the Four Beginnings(四端) and the Seven Emotions(七情). Nevertheless, they wanted to clarify possible misunderstandings within Lee Hwang’s theory. They used Lee Yi’s theory as the basis for their discussions. From this point of view they were in line with the eclecticism of Toegye and Yulgok. However, they found a flaw in Lee Yi’s theory that weakened the status of Li(理). This is why they have focused their interpretation of the Four Beginnings on the role of Li(理). Kim Chang-hyeop’s perspective differed from that of Cho Sung-gi and Lim Young. Cho Sung-gi and Lim Young interpreted the Four Beginnings as emotions arising from Li(理) and drew inspiration from Lee Hwang’s interpretation. Kim Chang-hyeop, however, acknowledged the importance of Lee Hwang’s differentiation of the Four Beginnings and the Seven Emotions, but did not emphasize Lee Hwang’s consideration of revealing the role of Li(理). Rather, he considered Lee Hwang's interpretation to be similar to Lee Yi's understanding. However, Kim Chang-hyeop, who had the problem of realizing righteousness at the academic level and actively sought to interpret the 'Li' that contained the content of righteousness, was able to think about the role of Li in the formation of the Four Beginnings and, on this basis, tried to overcome the logical difficulties of Lee Yi's theories. The reason why Kim Chang-hyeop did not compensate for the logical weaknesses of Lee Yi's thesis, which was based on Lee Hwang's interpretation of the Four Beginnings and emphasized Li's role, was the existential situation in which he found himself. Kim Chang-hyeop was engaged in important work directly related to the restoration of Seo-in's academic and political position, so it was a burden for him to overcome the logical weaknesses of Lee Yi's thesis based on Yi Hwang's theory. It would have provided an opening for a theoretical attack and threatened the academic orthodoxy of Lee Yi’s thesis. Kim Chang-hyeop's discussion can be seen as an important contribution to the pursuit of the internal completeness of Lee Yi's thesis, rather than a compromise between Lee Hwang and Lee Yi's theoretical merits.

Incidence of Clostridioides difficile Infections in Republic of Korea: A Prospective Study With Active Surveillance vs. National Data From Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service

Kim Jieun,Myung Rangmi,Kim Bongyoung,Kim Jinyeong,Kim Tark,Lee Mi Suk,Kim Uh Jin,Park Dae Won,Kim Yeon-Sook,Lee Chang-Seop,Kim Eu Suk,Lee Sun Hee,Chang Hyun-Ha,Lee Seung Soon,Park Se Yoon,Choi Hee Jun 대한의학회 2024 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.39 No.12

Background: Since the emergence of hypervirulent strains of Clostridioides difficile, the incidence of C. difficile infections (CDI) has increased significantly. Methods: To assess the incidence of CDI in Korea, we conducted a prospective multicentre observational study from October 2020 to October 2021. Additionally, we calculated the incidence of CDI from mass data obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) from 2008 to 2020. Results: In the prospective study with active surveillance, 30,212 patients had diarrhoea and 907 patients were diagnosed with CDI over 1,288,571 patient-days and 193,264 admissions in 18 participating hospitals during 3 months of study period; the CDI per 10,000 patientdays was 7.04 and the CDI per 1,000 admission was 4.69. The incidence of CDI was higher in general hospitals than in tertiary hospitals: 6.38 per 10,000 patient-days (range: 3.25–12.05) and 4.18 per 1,000 admissions (range: 1.92–8.59) in 11 tertiary hospitals, vs. 9.45 per 10,000 patient-days (range: 5.68–13.90) and 6.73 per 1,000 admissions (range: 3.18–15.85) in seven general hospitals. With regard to HIRA data, the incidence of CDI in all hospitals has been increasing over the 13-year-period: from 0.3 to 1.8 per 10,000 patient-days, 0.3 to 1.6 per 1,000 admissions, and 6.9 to 56.9 per 100,000 population, respectively. Conclusion: The incidence of CDI in Korea has been gradually increasing, and its recent value is as high as that in the United State and Europe. CDI is underestimated, particularly in general hospitals in Korea.

Expanding the Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Acute Rejection in Kidney Transplants Through Detection of Donor-Derived DNA in Urine: Proof-of-Concept Study

Kim Jieun,Kim Dong-Moung,Park Yu Jin,Lee Seung-Tae,Kim Hyon-Suk,Kim Myoung Soo,Kim Beom Seok,Choi Jong Rak 대한진단검사의학회 2021 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.41 No.5

Background: Approximately 10%–20% of kidney transplant (KT) recipients suffer from acute rejection (AR); thus, sensitive and accurate monitoring of allograft status is recommended. We evaluated the clinical utility of donor-derived DNA (dd-DNA) detection in the urine of KT recipients as a non-invasive means for diagnosing AR. Methods: Urine samples serially collected from 39 KT recipients were tested for 39 single-nucleotide variant loci selected according to technical criteria (i.e., high minor allele frequency and low analytical error) using next-generation sequencing. The fraction of dd-DNA was calculated and normalized by the urine creatinine (UCr) level (%dd-DNA/UCr). The diagnostic performance of %dd-DNA/UCr for AR was assessed by ROC curve analysis. Results: There was an increasing trend of %dd-DNA/UCr in the AR group before subsequent graft injury, which occurred before (median of 52 days) histological rejection. The serum creatinine (SCr) level differed significantly between the AR and non-AR groups at two and four months of follow-up, whereas %dd-DNA/UCr differed between the groups at six months of follow-up. The combination of %dd-DNA/UCr, SCr, and spot urine protein (UPtn)/UCr showed high discriminating power, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.81–1.00) and a high negative predictive value of 100.0%. Conclusions: Although the dd-DNA–based test cannot eliminate the need for biopsy, the high negative predictive value of this marker could increase the prebiopsy probability of detecting treatable injury to make biopsy an even more effective diagnostic tool.

Direct-Write Patterning of Bacterial Cells by Dip-Pen Nanolithography

Kim, Jieun,Shin, Young-Hun,Yun, Seong-Hun,Choi, Dong-Sik,Nam, Ji-Hye,Kim, Sung Ryong,Moon, Sung-Kwon,Chung, Bong Hyun,Lee, Jae-Hyuck,Kim, Jae-Ho,Kim, Ki-Young,Kim, Kyung-Min,Lim, Jung-Hyurk American Chemical Society 2012 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.134 No.40

<P>The ability of dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) to generate nano- or microarrays of soft or hard materials (e.g., small molecules, DNA, proteins, nanoparticles, sols, and polymers) in a direct-write manner has been widely demonstrated. The transporting of large-sized ink materials such as bacteria, however, remains a significant challenge with this technique. The size limitation of the water meniscus formed between the DPN tip and the solid surface becomes a bottleneck in such diffusion-based molecular transport experiments. Herein, we report a straightforward “stamp-on” DPN method that uses a nanostructured poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) hydrogel-coated tip and carrier agents to generate patterns of micrometer-sized Escherichia coli JM 109 bacterial cells. We demonstrate that this approach enables the deposition of a single bacterial cell array on a solid surface or arrays of layers of multiple cells by modulating the viscosity of the “ink” solution. Fluorescence microscopy images indicated that the deposited bacterial cells were kept alive on Luria–Bertani-agar layered solid surfaces after DPN patterning.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2012/jacsat.2012.134.issue-40/ja3073808/production/images/medium/ja-2012-073808_0004.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja3073808'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

SELF-INCONGRUITY AND IDEAL CONGRUITY EFFECTS OF LUXURY FASHION BRANDS

Jae-Eun Kim,Jieun Kim,Jungkeun Kim 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2015 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2015 No.06

Past research has shown that the self-congruity effect (Sirgy, 1982) is an important key predictor for consumers’ responses (e.g., attitude, purchase intention, choice, satisfaction, and loyalty) toward various marketing stimuli such as brand, store, and product (Barone, Shimp, and Sprott, 1999; Sirgy, Grewal, & Mangleburg, 2000). The self-congruity effect refers to the match between consumers’ actual self-concept and the image of objects compared, such as brand image, product image, store image, and advertising materials (Choi & Rifon, 2012; Sirgy, Grewal, & Mangleburg, 2000). These relationships, however, have not been tested in the context of luxury brand products (Sirgy, 1982). Our purpose is to address this knowledge gap by investigating the relevancy of self-congruity theory to the purchase of luxury brands. In contrast to the long-standing self-congruity effect, we propose that actual self-incongruity and ideal self-congruity effects will work when consumers evaluate luxury fashion brands. A survey method was used to gather data. Data were collected through an online panel provided by E-rewards, a marketing research company located in the United States. A stratified sampling method was employed to obtain an evenly distributed number of participants from different income classes. The strata was identified by income. Three strata were developed: (1) more than $100,000; (2) $55,000 to less than $100,000; and (3) less than $55,000. The sample (n = 502, average age = 41) represented most demographic categories. We tested the influence of actual self-incongruity and ideal self-congruity on brand attitude, purchase intention, and perceived quality for 3 brands. Actual self-incongruity had a significant positive effect on brand attitude, whereas ideal self-congruity had a significant positive effect on brand attitude, purchase intention, perceived quality. Overall, the results supported our main hypothesis. We conducted an additional analysis to examine the moderating role of income. Specifically, for brand attitude, the influence of actual self-incongruity was significantly positive only for the low-income group. The influence of ideal self-congruity was significantly positive only for the low- and middle-income groups. For purchase intention, the influence of ideal self-incongruity was significantly negative only for the low-income group, whereas the influence of ideal self-congruity was not significant for the middle- or high-income groups. Finally, for perceived quality, the influence of actual self- and ideal self-incongruity was significant only for the middle-income group, whereas that influence was not significant for the high-income group. This research contributes to the self-congruity effect in the context of luxury brands. Our results show the positive influence of ideal self-congruity and actual self-incongruity on the evaluation of luxury brand products. This is the first study identifying that actual self-congruity has a negative influence on the evaluation of brands in a luxury market context, as opposed to previous findings. Our results provide important implications to practitioners in planning their marketing communication strategies or consumer relationship management for luxury brand consumers.

Rxfp2, an Insl3 receptor might be associated with the failure of spermatogenesis in Phf7 ko mice

Jieun Kim,Eun-Kyoung Kim,Hae-Rim Kim,Sang-Mi Cho,Danbi Ka,Hoyoung Ghang,Seulgi Park,Mini Lee,Faiz Ur Rahman,Ki-Hoon Lee,Won-Kee Yoon,Young-Suk Won,Hyoung-Chin Kim,Kyoung-Chul Choi,Ki-Hoan Nam 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7

PHD finger protein 7 (Phf7) is a member of the PHF family, which contain the PHD domain known as a histone methylation reader and RING domain known as a E3 ubiquitin ligase. Phf7 is expressed testis, specifically in germ cells and Leydig cells but not in Sertoli cells. The deficiency of Phf7 induces male infertility. And it was found that Phf7 acts as a histone H2A E3 ligase in histone-to-protamine exchange during spermatogenesis. Until now, most studies on Phf7 have been focused on spermatogenesis. Here, we tried to found any phenotypes other than male infertility in the Phf7 Ko mice. We found that there are growth-retardation and reduction of bone mineral density in Phf7 knockout (ko) mice. We also tried to found any mechanism that may associated with abnormal spermatogenesis in the Phf7 ko mice. It is known that Rxfp2 is expressed in the postmeiotic germ cells in testis and that Rxfp2 with Insl3, a hormone released from Leydig cells constitute a paracrine hormone-receptor system in testis. Therefore, we determined the expression level of Insl3 and Rxfp2 in testis of Phf7 ko mice. We found that the Insl3 mRNA level was higher in the ko mice, but the Rxfp2 mRNA expression level was reduced in the mutant mice then wild mice. In conclusion, we suggest that the failure of spermatogenesis observed in Phf7 ko mice might related with the reduced expression of Rxfp2 in the developing germ cells.

Combined Skin Moisturization of Liposomal Serine Incorporated in Hydrogels Prepared with Carbopol ETD 2020, Rhesperse RM 100 and Hyaluronic Acid

Kim, Hyeongmin,Ro, Jieun,Barua, Sonia,Hwang, Deuk Sun,Na, Seon-Jeong,Lee, Ho Sung,Jeong, Ji Hoon,Woo, Seulki,Kim, Hyewon,Hong, Bomi,Yun, Gyiae,Kim, Joong-Hark,Yoon, Young-Ho,Park, Myung-Gyu,Kim, Jia,S The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2015 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.19 No.6

We investigated the combined moisturizing effect of liposomal serine and a cosmeceutical base selected in this study. Serine is a major amino acid consisting of natural moisturizing factors and keratin, and the hydroxyl group of serine can actively interact with water molecules. Therefore, we hypothesized that serine efficiently delivered to the stratum corneum (SC) of the skin would enhance the moisturizing capability of the skin. We prepared four different cosmeceutical bases (hydrogel, oil-in-water (O/W) essence, O/W cream, and water-in-oil (W/O) cream); their moisturizing abilities were then assessed using a $Corneometer^{(R)}$. The hydrogel was selected as the optimum base for skin moisturization based on the area under the moisture content change-time curves (AUMCC) values used as a parameter for the water hold capacity of the skin. Liposomal serine prepared by a reverse-phase evaporation method was then incorporated in the hydrogel. The liposomal serine-incorporated hydrogel (serine level=1%) showed an approximately 1.62~1.77 times greater moisturizing effect on the skin than those of hydrogel, hydrogel with serine (1%), and hydrogel with blank liposome. However, the AUMCC values were not dependent on the level of serine in liposomal serine-loaded hydrogels. Together, the delivery of serine to the SC of the skin is a promising strategy for moisturizing the skin. This study is expected to be an important step in developing highly effective moisturizing cosmeceutical products.

Male Tars2 gene-deficient mice shows reduced learning and memory ability

Jieun Kim,Eun-Kyoung Kim,Hae-Rim Kim,Sang-Mi Cho,Danbi Ka,Hoyoung Kang,Ki-Hoon Lee,Young-Suk Won,Hyoung-Chin Kim,Won-Kee Yoon,Kyoung-Chul Choi,Ki-Hoan Nam 한국실험동물학회 2020 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2020 No.7

Concurrent Robot-Assisted Distal Gastrectomy and Partial Nephrectomy for Synchronous Early Gastric Cancer and Renal Cell Carcinoma: An Initial Experience

Kim, Jieun,Kim, Su Mi,Seo, Jeong Eun,Choi, Min Gew,Lee, Jun Ho,Sohn, Tae Sung,Kim, Sung,Bae, Jae Moon,Seo, Seong Il The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2014 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.14 No.3

We report our experience of a concurrent robot assisted distal gastrectomy and partial nephrectomy for synchronous early gastric cancer and renal cell carcinoma. A 55-year-old female patient was diagnosed with early gastric cancer on screening endoscopy. Abdominal computed tomography showed an incidental right renal cell carcinoma. Robot assisted distal gastrectomy was performed, followed by partial nephrectomy. The final pathological examination showed signet ring cell carcinoma within the lamina propria and renal cell carcinoma with negative resection margins. The patient showed no evidence of recurrence at 6-months. A robot-assisted combined operation could be a treatment option for early stages of synchronous malignancies.