17세기 전반 율곡학파예학(栗谷學派禮學)의 쟁점(爭點)과 경향(傾向)연구-『의례문해(疑禮問解)』,『의례문해속(疑禮問解續)』을 중심으로-

김현수 ( Hyunsoo Kim ) 한국철학사연구회 2014 한국 철학논집 Vol.0 No.41

본고의 목적은 『의례문해(疑禮問解)』·『의례문해속(疑禮問解續)』를 중심으로 17세기 전반의 율곡학파의 예학적 쟁점과 경향을 고찰하는 것이다. 『의례문해』는 사계 김장생과 문인들 사이에 이루어진 예문답서이며, 『의례문해속』은 신독재 김집과 문인들 사이에 주고받은 예문답서이다. 예문답서 혹은 예문답 서신은 구체적 상황에 대한 여러 의견이나 주장들을 확인하는데 유용한데, 특히 논란이 된 항목이나 주목할 만한 예문답을 통하여 당시의 예학흐름과 당사자들의 공통된 문제의식을 파악할 수 있다. 본고는 이러한 인식을 바탕으로 17세기 전반의 율곡학파의 예학적 특징을 드러내려 했다. 그 특징을 논하면 다음과 같다. 우선적으로 『주자가례』에 대한 체계적·심층적 접근이 이루어졌음을 지적하고 싶다. 즉 학문적 분석 및 고증적 측면이 강화된 측면을 엿볼 수 있는데, 가례도(家禮圖)에 대한 문답, 각종 의례절차 및 기물의 고증 등이 이를 방증한다. 더불어 고례(古禮) 및 주자(朱子), 정자(程子), 장자(張子)의 예설, 퇴계(退溪)·율곡(栗谷)·한강(寒岡) 등의 중국·한국 예설을 종합적 검토한다는 점도 이에 해당한다. 다음으로, ``종법(宗法)과 입후(立後)·봉사(奉祀), 기일(忌日), 반곡(反哭)과여묘제(廬墓制), 부재위모상(父在爲母喪), 개장(改葬), 기일(忌日), 묘제(墓祭)의 시기, 참신(參神)과 강신(降神) 순서 등 논란이 된 예문답을 통해 사계 김장생과 문인의 예설의 근거 및 공통된 예 인식에 살펴볼 수 있다. 우선 주자의 예설 및 「주자가례」에 근거하여 예를 규정하려는 경향이 강함을 엿볼수 있다. 이는 앞서 언급한 「주자가례」를 체계적·심층적 접근과 같은 궤를같이 한다. 그리고 율곡·구봉 등의 율곡학파의 예설을 비판적으로 계승하고, 예의 정신·원리를 강조하는 사유 속에서 인정(人情)을 근거로 시속(時俗)과의 절충을 도모하려는 특징들을 찾아볼 수 있다. This Paper is research for Yulgok School(栗谷學派)`s lixue(禮學) in the first half of 17c centering around Uiremunhae(疑禮問解) and Uiremunhaesuk(疑禮問解續). Uiremunhae and Uiremunhaesuk are a book between Kim Jangsaeng(金長生)·Kim Jip(金集) and his follower`s questions & answers about li. A book or letter of questions & answers about li is useful for comprehension of lixue`s opinion, especially questions & answers about controversial li shows their critical mind and a foundation of cognition for li. Thus I make showing then situation of Kim Jangsaeng and his follower in relates to understanding and performing Zhuxi`s family rituals on analyzing questions & answers about controversial li. Kim Jangsaeng·Kim Jip and his follower`s characteristic of lixue are several on analyzing Uiremunhae. First, Kim Jangsaeng and his follower researched for Zhuxi`s family rituals with systematic approach and in-depth research, and detailed in reference to the Classic of li, Zhuxi, Zheongyi(程이), Zangzai(張載)`s thoery of li and chinese lixue data, and Lee Hwang(李滉), Lee Yi(李珥), Song Yikpil(宋翼弼), Jeong Goo(鄭逑)`s thoery of li and korean lixue data. Next, on questions & answers about controversial li, Kim and his follower basically maintained following Zhuxi`s family rituals. Zonfa, sacrificial rituals and funeral rituals are all such that, and if there happened omission and contradiction in Zhuxi`s family rituals, they refered to Zhuxi`s theory of li on the collected works of Zhuxi and the analects of Zhuxi and searched righteous li by historial invesigation. Then, Kim and his follower critically were in succession to Lee Yi and Song Yikpil`s thoery of li. finally, They also had to considered then situation on li(Zhuxi`s family rituals` li and ancient li)`s operation and actualizatin on considering principle and mind of li.

Suggestions for the Role of AI in the Arms Control and Non-Proliferation of WMD

Hyunsoo Kim(Hyunsoo Kim) J-INSTITUTE 2022 Robotics & AI Ethics Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the possible contribution of AI technology in the field of arms control and non-proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction. This is to alleviate international security threats that have risen again since the post-Cold War and to promote international cooperation. For this purpose, we explore the potential of AI as a tool to provide trust-building and cooperation that is the basis of arms control. Method: This study first explores the basic concepts related to arms control and prevention of proliferation of military technology using the method of literature study. At this time, the scope of research is set as prior research related to AI and military technology. Next, using the method of research study, international issues related to arms control are investigated. In this case, the target of the investigation is the current status data reported through international organizations and press releases known through the media. Finally, using the methods of development research, we develop a model in which AI can intervene and play a role in arms control and preven-tion of proliferation. In this case, the model is designed to take into account the technical aspects of AI and the application of ethical content at the same time. Results: The use of AI in disarmament through bilateral and multilateral international cooperation is signifi-cant in that it explores the possibility of mutual cohesion between AI ethics and military ethics. Such AI can be utilized in the process of collecting and analyzing information provided in the form of big data at each stage of the trust-building model. And based on this, it is possible to secure the basis for policy decision-making in the process of making decisions related to arms control. Conclusion: In arms control and non-proliferation, AI functions as a tool to provide bilateral or multilateral trust and performs the following roles: First, information that is the basis for policy decision-making is collected and analyzed. Second, the basis for policy judgment is provided according to the analysis result of the collected and analyzed information. Third, it functions as a rational tool to justify decision-making and predict the future in the process of internal and external discussions that will continue in the future according to this judgment.

Pulse shape discrimination capability of metal-loaded organic liquid scintillators for a short-baseline reactor neutrino experiment

Kim, B R,Han, B Y,Jeon, E J,Joo, K K,Kang, Jeongsoo,Khan, N,Kim, H J,Kim, Hyunsoo,Kim, J Y,Siyeon, Kim,Kim, S C,Kim, Yeongduk,Ko, Y J,Lee, Jaison,Lee, Jeong-Yeon,Lee, J Y,Ma, K J,Park, Hyeonseo,Park, IOP Publishing 2015 Physica scripta Vol.90 No.5

α-Lipoic acid attenuates vascular calcification <i>via</i> reversal of mitochondrial function and restoration of Gas6/Axl/Akt survival pathway

Kim, Hyunsoo,Kim, Han-Jong,Lee, Kyunghee,Kim, Jin-Man,Kim, Hee Sun,Kim, Jae-Ryong,Ha, Chae-Myeong,Choi, Young-Keun,Lee, Sun Joo,Kim, Joon-Young,Harris, Robert A,Jeong, Daewon,Lee, In-Kyu Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 Journal of cellular and molecular medicine Vol.16 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Vascular calcification is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease and leads to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although several reports have implicated mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease, little is known about the potential role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the process of vascular calcification. This study investigated the effect of α-lipoic acid (ALA), a naturally occurring antioxidant that improves mitochondrial function, on vascular calcification <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I>. Calcifying vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) treated with inorganic phosphate (Pi) exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction, as demonstrated by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production, the disruption of mitochondrial structural integrity and concurrently increased production of reactive oxygen species. These Pi-induced functional and structural mitochondrial defects were accompanied by mitochondria-dependent apoptotic events, including release of cytochrome <I>c</I> from the mitochondria into the cytosol, subsequent activation of caspase-9 and -3, and chromosomal DNA fragmentation. Intriguingly, ALA blocked the Pi-induced VSMC apoptosis and calcification by recovery of mitochondrial function and intracellular redox status. Moreover, ALA inhibited Pi-induced down-regulation of cell survival signals through the binding of growth arrest-specific gene 6 (Gas6) to its cognate receptor Axl and subsequent Akt activation, resulting in increased survival and decreased apoptosis. Finally, ALA significantly ameliorated vitamin D<SUB>3</SUB>-induced aortic calcification and mitochondrial damage in mice. Collectively, the findings suggest ALA attenuates vascular calcification by inhibiting VSMC apoptosis through two distinct mechanisms; preservation of mitochondrial function <I>via</I> its antioxidant potential and restoration of the Gas6/Axl/Akt survival pathway.</P>

Golden Hour Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke: The Changing Pattern in South Korea

Hyunsoo Kim,김준태,Ji Sung Lee,Beom Joon Kim,Jong-Moo Park,Kyusik Kang,Soo Joo Lee,Jae Guk Kim,Jae-Kwan Cha,Dae-Hyun Kim,Tai Hwan Park,Sang-Soon Park,이경복,이준,Keun-Sik Hong,조용진,박홍균,이병철,유경호,오미선,Dong-Eog Kim 대한뇌졸중학회 2021 Journal of stroke Vol.23 No.1

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Friction and conductance imaging of sp2- and sp3-hybridized subdomains on single-layer graphene oxide

Lee, Hyunsoo,Son, Narae,Jeong, Hu Young,Kim, Tae Gun,Bang, Gyeong Sook,Kim, Jong Yun,Shim, Gi Woong,Goddeti, Kalyan C.,Kim, Jong Hun,Kim, Namdong,Shin, Hyun-Joon,Kim, Wondong,Kim, Sehun,Choi, Sung-Yoo The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Nanoscale Vol.8 No.7

<P>We investigated the subdomain structures of single-layer graphene oxide (GO) by characterizing local friction and conductance using conductive atomic force microscopy. Friction and conductance mapping showed that a single-layer GO flake has subdomains several tens to a few hundreds of nanometers in lateral size. The GO subdomains exhibited low friction (high conductance) in the sp(2)-rich phase and high friction (low conductance) in the sp(3)-rich phase. Current-voltage spectroscopy revealed that the local current flow in single-layer GO depends on the quantity of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, and epoxy bridges within the 2-dimensional carbon layer. The presence of subdomains with different sp(2)/sp(3) carbon ratios on a GO flake was also confirmed by chemical mapping using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy. These results suggest that spatial mapping of the friction and conductance can be used to rapidly identify the composition of heterogeneous single-layer GO at nanometer scale, which is essential for understanding charge transport in nanoelectronic devices.</P>

Clinical Implication and Risk Factors for Malignancy of Atypical Gastric Gland during Forceps Biopsy

( Min Seong Kim ),( Sang Gyun Kim ),( Hyunsoo Chung ),( Jung Kim ),( Hyoungju Hong ),( Hee Jong Lee ),( Hyun Ju Kim ),( Min A Kim ),( Woo Ho Kim ),( Hyun Chae Jung ) 대한간학회 2018 Gut and Liver Vol.12 No.5

Background/Aims: Although forceps biopsy is performed for suspicious gastric tumors during endoscopy, it is difficult to determine treatment strategies for atypical gastric glands due to uncertainty of the diagnosis. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical implications and risk factors for predicting malignancy in atypical gastric glands during forceps biopsy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 252 patients with a diagnosis of atypical gastric gland during forceps biopsy. Predictors of malignancy were analyzed using initial endoscopic findings and clinical data. Results: The final diagnosis for 252 consecutive patients was gastric cancer in 189 (75%), adenoma in 26 (10.3%), and gastritis in 37 (14.7%). In the multivariate analysis, lesion sizes of more than 10 mm (odds ratio [OR], 3.021; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.480 to 6.165; p=0.002), depressed morphology (OR, 3.181; 95% CI, 1.579 to 6.406, p=0.001), and surface nodularity (OR, 3.432; 95% CI, 1.667 to 7.064, p=0.001) were significant risk factors for malignancy. Conclusions: Further evaluation and treatment should be considered for atypical gastric gland during forceps biopsy if there is a largesized (>10 mm) lesion, depressed morphology, or surface nodularity. (Gut Liver 2018;12:523-529)

Imaging of Malignant Lymphomas with F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG) Coincidence PET

Kim, Hyunsoo,Park, Chan H.,Kim, Suzy,Pai, Moonsun,Hwang, Kyunghoon,Kim, Hugh C.,Yoon, Seoknam 대한핵의학회 1999 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.33 No.5

Prediction of Response to Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Putative Marker Panel by Multiple Reaction Monitoring-Mass Spectrometry (MRM-MS)

Kim, Hyunsoo,Yu, Su Jong,Yeo, Injun,Cho, Young Youn,Lee, Dong Hyeon,Cho, Yuri,Cho, Eun Ju,Lee, Jeong-Hoon,Kim, Yoon Jun,Lee, Sungyoung,Jun, Jongsoo,Park, Taesung,Yoon, Jung-Hwan,Kim, Youngsoo American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2017 Molecular and Cellular Proteomics Vol.16 No.7

<P>Sorafenib is the only standard treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but it provides modest survival benefits over placebo, necessitating predictive biomarkers of the response to sorafenib. Serum samples were obtained from 115 consecutive patients with HCC before sorafenib treatment and analyzed by multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) and ELISA to quantify candidate biomarkers. We verified a triple-marker panel to be predictive of the response to sorafenib by MRM-MS, comprising CD5 antigen-like (CD5L), immunoglobulin J (IGJ), and galectin-3-binding protein (LGALS3BP), in HCC patients. This panel was a significant predictor (AUROC > 0.950) of the response to sorafenib treatment, having the best cut-off value (0.4) by multivariate analysis. In the training set, patients who exceeded this cut-off value had significantly better overall survival (median, 21.4 months) than those with lower values (median, 8.6 months; p = 0.001). Further, a value that was lower than this cutoff was an independent predictor of poor overall survival [hazard ratio (HR), 2.728; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.312-5.672; p = 0.007] and remained an independent predictive factor of rapid progression (HR, 2.631; 95% CI, 1.448-4.780; p = 0.002). When applied to the independent validation set, levels of the cut-off value for triple-marker panel maintained their prognostic value for poor clinical outcomes. On the contrast, the triple-marker panel was not a prognostic factor for patients who were treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). The discriminatory signature of a triple-marker panel provides new insights into targeted proteomic biomarkers for individualized sorafenib therapy.</P>

Clinically Applicable Deep Learning Algorithm Using Quantitative Proteomic Data

Kim, Hyunsoo,Kim, Yoseop,Han, Buhm,Jang, Jin-Young,Kim, Youngsoo American Chemical Society 2019 Journal of proteome research Vol.18 No.8

<P>Deep learning (DL), a type of machine learning approach, is a powerful tool for analyzing large sets of data that are derived from biomedical sciences. However, it remains unknown whether DL is suitable for identifying contributing factors, such as biomarkers, in quantitative proteomics data. In this study, we describe an optimized DL-based analytical approach using a data set that was generated by selected reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (SRM-MS), comprising SRM-MS data from 1008 samples for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, to test its classification power. Its performance was compared with that of 5 conventional multivariate and machine learning methods: random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), and naïve Bayes (NB). The DL method yielded the best classification (AUC 0.9472 for the test data set) of all approaches. We also optimized the parameters of DL individually to determine which factors were the most significant. In summary, the DL method has advantages in classifying the quantitative proteomics data of pancreatic cancer patients, and our results suggest that its implementation can improve the performance of diagnostic assays in clinical settings.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>