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Placental expression of D6 decoy receptor in preeclampsia
( Geumjoon Cho ),( Eunsung Lee ),( Hyemi Jin ),( Jihye Lee ),( Yeunsun Kim ),( Minjeong Oh ),( Hyunjoo Seol ),( Sooncheol Hong ),( Haijoong Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2015 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.58 No.5
The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of the D6 decoy receptor that can bind chemokines and target them for degradation, resulting in inhibition of inflammation in placentas from preeclamptic and normal pregnancies.The current study was carried out in 35 pregnant women (23 patients with preeclampsia and 12 healthy, normotensive pregnant women) during the third trimester of pregnancy. The expressions of D6 decoy receptor in the placenta were determined with real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.The mRNA and protein of D6 decoy receptor were detected in all of placentas from preeclamptic and normal pregnancies. Placental D6 decoy receptor mRNA expression was significantly lower in patients with preeclampsia than in patients with normal pregnancies. Western blot analyses revealed decreased protein expression in cases of preeclampsia.The expression of the D6 decoy receptor in preeclamptic placentas was significantly lower than in normal placentas. Further studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms that link decreased expression of placental D6 decoy receptor and preeclampsia.
Cesarean section and risk factors: Secular tends in South Korea, 2006-2015
( Nayoung Bae ),( Hyejin Choi ),( Geumjoon Cho ),( Kyumin Lee ),( Sungwon Han ),( Kihoon Ahn ),( Sooncheol Hong ),( Haijoong Kim ),( Minjeong Oh ) 대한산부인과학회 2018 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.104 No.-
Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate the recent trend in the rate of cesarean section (CS) in South Korea from 2006 to 2015 and identify risk factors in association with these changes. Methods: Using the National Health Insurance Corporation data, we included every women who had delivery from 2006 to 2015. We investigated (1) mode of delivery, (2) the rate of complications during pregnancy (i.e. preeclampsia and placenta previa) and (3) pre-pregnancy factors (BMI, hypertension, DM and other pre-existing medical conditions) and its trends during study period. Results: During 10 years, the rate of CS increased from 36.3% in 2006 to 40.6% in 2015 (p <0.01). The rate of CS increased in primiparous women, women with multiple pregnancy and women with preeclampsia. Otherwise, the rate of vacuum delivery and VBAC decreased during study period. The rate of women with pre-pregnancy obesity increased but the rate of women with pre-pregnancy hypertension and DM decreased. Conclusion: The rate of CS in South Korea have been increasing from 2006 to 2015. This trend may reflect changes in the rate of risk factors. Identification of causes for increasing trend of CS observed in this study will allow the clinician to monitor for these factors and possibly reduce CS.
( Junghyun Park ),( Hyejin Choi ),( Seungkwon You ),( Geumjoon Cho ),( Minjeong Oh ) 대한산부인과학회 2018 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.104 No.-
Objective: Previous studies have shown that amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AF-MSCs) exhibited the immunomodulatory properties in LPS-inducing preterm birth model. To analyze the mechanism of this therapeutic effect, we focused on the secretory profiles of AF-MSCs which were contained in conditioned media (AF-MSC-CM). In this study, we hypothesize that the AF-MSC-CM treatment reduces the inflammatory reaction of uterus and placenta in pregnant females and ameliorates the preterm birth caused by inflammation. Methods: Day 25 gestation ICR mice were used for preterm birth model. For induction of preterm birth, lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1mg/kg) was injected into peritoneum. AF-MSC-CM was collected from 5.0 x 105 cells/100 for 72 h and concentrated 10 folds for injection. 4.0 x 105 amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells were applied for positive control. All of the experiments groups were executed more than 5 times (n5). All of mice were sacrificed after LPS and materials (AF-MSCs, AF-MSC-CM) treatment. Uterus, placenta, and blood were harvested to analyze the inflammatory reaction by qRT-PCR, ELISA, and immunofluorescence staining. Results: Intraperitoneal injection of AF-MSCs into LPS-induced preterm birth mice reduced the incidence of preterm birth up to less than 30%. Additionally, the expression of inflammatory markers of uterus and placenta (TNF-, IL6, IL10, IL11) was significantly decreased by AF-MSC-CM injection. On immunofluorescence staining, marcrophage markers expression (MHC II, CD80) was diminished in AF-MSC-CM group. Conclusion: Although not all of preterm birth were inhibited by AF-MSC-CM, large portion of MSC effects on anti-inflammation accounted for the paracrine factors secreted from AF-MSCs. This research suggests that AF-MSC-CM is comprehensive therapeutic approach for the preterm birth by immunomodulation effects.
Kim, Jin Hee,Park, Hyunkyung,Lee, Jangwoo,Cho, Geumjoon,Choi, Sooran,Choi, Gyuyeon,Kim, Su Young,Eun, So-Hee,Suh, Eunsook,Kim, Sung Koo,Kim, Hai-Joong,Kim, Gun-Ha,Lee, Jeong Jae,Kim, Young Don,Eom, So BMJ Publishing Group 2016 Journal of epidemiology & community health Vol.70 No.5
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Several studies have suggested potential links of phthalates to obesity in children and adults. Limited evidence, however, has been available for the relations between diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and obesity-related markers or body mass change in early life.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>128 healthy pregnant women were recruited and, after delivery, their newborns’ first urine and umbilical cord blood samples were collected. We measured urinary levels of two DEHP metabolites, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP). We also measured the levels of leptin, total cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) in cord serum, and used them along with weight, length, head circumference and ponderal index (PI, 100 g/cm<SUP>3</SUP>) at birth, as obesity-related markers, and estimated the relations between DEHP metabolites and obesity-related markers using generalised linear models. For the evaluation of body mass increase by early life DEHP exposure, body mass index (BMI) z-score change during 3 months after birth by DEHP metabolites in the first urine samples of the newborns were evaluated using logistic regression.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>DEHP exposure was associated with decrease of PI and increase of TG (PI, β=−0.11, p=0.070 and TG, β=0.14, p=0.027), especially for boys (PI, β=−0.13, p=0.021; and TG, β=0.19, p=0.025). Moreover, DEHP exposure was positively associated with body mass increase during 3 months after birth (change of BMI z-scores, OR=4.35, p=0.025).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Our findings suggest that DEHP exposure may affect body mass change in early life through changes of obesity-related markers.</P>
Kim, Sunmi,Eom, Soyong,Kim, Hai-Joong,Lee, Jeong Jae,Choi, Gyuyeon,Choi, Sooran,Kim, Sungjoo,Kim, Su Young,Cho, Geumjoon,Kim, Young Don,Suh, Eunsook,Kim, Sung Koo,Kim, Seunghyo,Kim, Gun-Ha,Moon, Hyo-B Elsevier 2018 Science of the Total Environment Vol.624 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Exposure of the developing fetus and infants to toxic substances can cause serious lifelong health consequences. Several chemicals have been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental disorders in the early life stages of humans. However, most epidemiological studies have focused on a limited number of chemicals, and hence may exclude important chemicals from consideration or result in conclusions built on associations by chance. In the present study, we investigated the chemical exposure profile of the women, and associated these with the early neurodevelopmental performance of their offspring at 13–24months of age. The chemicals assessed include four phthalates, bisphenol A, three heavy metals, 19 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 19 organochlorine pesticides, and 19 polybrominated diphenyl ethers, which were measured from urine, whole blood, serum, and/or breastmilk of the pregnant or lactating women. For neurodevelopmental performance, the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II (BSID-II), Social Maturity Scale (SMS), and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were measured from a total of 140 toddlers. Among the measured chemicals, monoethyl phthalate (MEP) in maternal urine was significantly associated with early mental, psychomotor, and social development. In addition, breast milk di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) metabolite and blood lead concentrations were inversely associated with mental and psychomotor development indices, respectively. Maternal blood PCB153, heavy metals, and urinary MEP levels were also higher among the children with behavioral problems, as indicated by the CBCL range. Taken together, maternal exposure to several EDCs such as PCBs and DEHP was associated with adverse neurodevelopmental performances among the children aged 1–2years. Confirmation of these association in larger populations, as well as longer-term consequences of such exposure warrant further investigation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Prenatal Hg, Pb, BPA, or DEP exposures were associated with neurodevelopmental delay. </LI> <LI> DEHP exposure through lactation showed negative association with mental index. </LI> <LI> Prenatal Hg, DEP, or PCB exposures showed positive associations on CBCL scores. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
이아람 ( Aram Lee ),최경호 ( Kyungho Choi ),김해중 ( Hai-Joong Kim ),이정재 ( Jeong Jae Lee ),최규연 ( Gyuyeon Choi ),김성주 ( Sungjoo Kim ),김수영 ( Su Young Kim ),조금준 ( Geumjoon Cho ),김영돈 ( Youg Don Kim ),서은숙 ( Eunsook 한국산업보건학회 2018 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.28 No.3
Objectives: This study aims to analyze manganese (Mn) concentrations in maternal and cord bloods at delivery and to estimate the Mn exposure risk for fetuses whose mothers were occupationally exposed to Mn. Materials and Methods: Forty-six pairs of maternal and cord blood samples were collected at delivery from mothers who were occupationally unexposed to Mn. Mn concentrations of blood were analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer. Mn exposure levels for fetuses of female workers were estimated by simulating two working exposure scenarios. Results: The geometric mean concentration of Mn in maternal and cord blood were 27.0(1.34) ㎍/L, 46.6(1.25) ㎍/L, respectively. Transfer ratios of Mn from maternal to cord blood were 1.81±0.62, which indicated that the Mn concentrations in cord blood were higher than those in maternal blood. Mn concentrations in cord blood for the worse or general scenarios were estimated to 22.3-1,881 ㎍/L and 1.59-308 ㎍/L, respectively. The probabilities of exceeding 74 ㎍/L, which was adopted as a reference level reported in a previous study, were 95% and 44% for the two scenarios, respectively. Conclusions: Comparable levels of Mn exposure in maternal or cord blood to those in this study have shown various health effects in previous studies. This suggests that Mn exposure levels in mothers and fetuese in Korea need to be monitored and managed. In addition, female workers who are occupationally exposed to Mn should be protected from the exposure since their fetuses can be exposed to Mn at risky levels during their pregnancy.