컴퓨터 법에 있어서의 책임에 관한 연구

鄭鎭世,鄭在晃,方碩皓,河泰勳,李成德,崔鳳哲 홍익대학교 1995 弘大論叢 Vol.27 No.-

This paper, coauthored by Chin-Se Chung, as well as other 5 faculty members at Hong-Ik University Department of Law (Jea-Hwang Jeong, Suk-Ho Bang, Tae-Hoon Ha, Seong-Deog Yi and Bong-Chul Choi), deals with liability issuses surrounding constitutional law, administrative law, civil law (contracts, torts), commercial law, criminal law, international law and philosophy & law. Professor of Law Jea-Hwang Jeong makes a comparative analysis of privacy protection and disclosure of information legal issues, appeared at current Korean law and draft of law in case of the latter one. He suggestes some desirable ways of legislation through revision process and operation of legal rules at his paper. Professor of Law Suk-Ho Bang makes a brief survey of civil liability issues arising out of contracts and torts in English and American law, first. He tries to show that many Parts of arguments in such legal world are attributed to Statute of Frauds tradition, unique to such legal world. New developments in the area of torts, including computer malpractice and computer virus, are shown and analysed in terms of application possibility under our current law. But, as even the Anglo-American courts are found very reluctant to accept those arguments as new grounds for torts liability, it seems more plausible and practicable to refer to contractual approach, basically, rather than to torts approach even under English American law. Professor of Law Chin-Se Chung suggests in his paper on EFT that the allocation of liability under EFT be made under the new and most relevant principle, working for useful transmission way of fund, not solely under traditional legal principles. If such new principle works with high return of risk to users, it makes imminent problems against the goats of consumer protection, and eventually will be hardly refered to. Conversely, if it requires too much sacrifice from the side of banks, then the convenience in such system will not be utilized. So, it may be natural that EFT be discarded even without proper functioning under market system. In conclusion, Professor Chung points out that, only when banks fond that the economy out of cost-saving at tasks outweighs the risk undertaken by the banks, the banks will operate the system. But, if this system makes more return of benefits to the banks with the burden of users, it is against the idea of equity. Consequently, the banks should bear the aggeviated risks in return for the cost saved under this system Professor of Law Tae-Hoon Ha focuses his research paper on criminal liability under EFT. He draws his conclusion out of current criminal statutes that illegal fund transfer under automatic teller machines, cash cards and information system can not be penalized due to lack of proper statutory provision. So, the criminal provision on computer crime, newly made on December of 1995, can be positively appreciated. But, he anticipates that the question whether such new provision will be successful in regulating all illegal activites at fund transfor system without any operation defects in criminal code, or will cause new problem in interpretation of criminal code remains unsolved. Professor of Law Seong-Deog Yi examines the international legal issues which may be given rise to by direct satellite broadcasting. In his paper, the issue of national jurisdiction in relation to direct satellite broadcasting is firstly dealt with. Secondly, the possible ways in which direct satellite broadcasting is regulated by international law are examined with special emphasis of two different approaches, that is, freedom of information approach and state sovereignty approach. In this context, many international conventions concerning direct satellite broadcasting in Particular, and international regulatory regime of outer space in general are broadly reviewed. Thirdly, the types of activities which may be a violation of international legal regime of direct satellite broadcasting are suggested and the possible lethal remedies for these violations are proposed with the traditional international state responsibility law in mind. Professor of Law Bong-Chul Choi explores the relations of computerized society to its laws throughout his paper as a kind of conclusion of this whole paper. Computerized society is one that the technical, scientific, informational knowledge prevails. With correspondence to the structural change in knowledge, the law of such a society has suffered transformation, and the knowledge and techniques distributing and computing legal responsibility has also changed. However, he does not insist that the diffusion of technical knowledge is the sole factor of the transformation of legal responsibility. It is only one of the various factors. Moreover, he does not deny the continuation between the classical techniques distributing legal responsibility and the contemporary ones. In this era, the law realizes fairness and community values at the expense of singularities. In addition, he proposes that legal scholars take the diagnosis of law from the perspective of the technology/knowledge shifts seriously.

아태지역 무선통신 표준화 동향 및 향후 대응 방향

정용준(Yong-Jun Chung),김대중(Dae-Jung Kim),박주홍(Joo-Hong Park),하준홍(Joon Hong Ha),김남경(Nam-Kyoung Kim),진병문(Byoung-Moon Chin) 한국통신학회 2011 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.2

Computer Simulation에 의한 FMS의 生産日程 計劃 硏究

최효돈,남현우,문기주,하정진 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1992 硏究報告 Vol.16 No.1

An FMS(Flexible Manufacturing System) consists of a group of computer numerically controlled machines linked by and automated material handling system, and which operates under computer control. FMS's are designed for production of small and medium-sized batchs comprising several different part types with the efficiency of automated mass production and the flexiblity of the job shop. In this research, job scheduling for minimizing APT(average processing time) was studied in FMS with 3 machining centers which are served by a cyclic-unidirectional conveyor while the conveyor speed is set to 1, 2, or 3, respectively. The results of this research could be useful to reduce APT in part manufacturing systems in practice.

Symposia : Ubiquitin-Proteasome System ; Regulation of p53-Mdm2 pathway by SUMO-specific protease SUSP4

( Chin Ha Chung ) 한국생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학회) 2007 생화학분자생물학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

Isolation and Properties of a Cytoplasmic Metalloendoprotease in Escherichia coli

Chung, Chin-Ha,Ha, Doo-Bong The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 1984 동물학회지 Vol.27 No.4

대장균의 세포질내에 존재하는 단백질 분해효소(protease Ci)를 추출하여 그 성질을 조사하였다. 이 효소는 insulin, glucagon 및 bovine growth hormone을 분해시키나, bovine serum albumin, casein 및 globin 등은 분해시키지 않는다. 이 효소의 native 한 상태에서의 분자량은 120,000이며, 54,000 dalton의 동일한 2개의 subunit로 구성되어 있다. Protease Ci의 최적 pH는 7.5이며 등전점은 5.5이다. 이 효소는 o-phenanthroline에 의해 저해되며, $Mn^++나 Co^++$와 같은 metal 이온들에 의하여 활성화되므로 metalloprotease임을 알 수 있다. 이 효소는 p-hydroxymercuribenzoate에 의해서 크게 저해되나 sulfhydryl protease의 specific한 저해제인 Ep475와 leupeptin에 의해서는 영향을 받지 않는다. 대장균 세포내에서는 또 다른 insulin 분해효소 (protease Pi)가 존재하는데, 이 효소는 periplasm에 존재하므로 protease Ci와는 다르다. A cytoplasmic endoprotease, named protease Ci, has been partially purified by classical chromatographic procedures. This enzyme degrades insulin, glucagon and bovine growth hormone to trichloroacetic acid-soluble materials, but shows little or no hydrolysis of bovine serum albumin, casein or globin. It has a molecular weight of about 120,000 as determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G200, and it appears to be consisted of two identical subunits having molecular weight of 54,000 when estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Protease Ci has an optimum pH of 7.5, and has an isoelectric point of 5.5. This enzyme is a metalloprotease, since it is inhibited by o-phenanthroline and can be activated by the addition of divalent metal cations, such as $Mn^++$ and $Co^++$. Protease ci is inhibited by p-hydroxymercuribenzoic acid, but not by either of leupeptin or Ep475 which are specific inhibitors of sulfhydryl protease. It is distinct from protease Pi, a perplasmic insulin degrading enzyme, since protease Ci is localized to the cytoplasm. The physiological function of protease Ci is presently unknown.

Control of Interferon-induced JNK Pathway by ISG15 Modification of Filamin B

Chung, Chin Ha 이화여자대학교 세포신호전달연구센터 2007 고사리 세포신호전달 심포지움 Vol. No.9

The first signaling pathway shown to be activated by interferons(IFNs) is the JAK-STAT pathway, but it becomes evident that other IFN-regulated signaling cascades are required for the generation of pleiotropic effects of IFNs, including anti-viral, anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory responses. Examples of the cascades that operate independently of the JAK-STAT pathway include the MAPK signaling pathways that link a variety of extracellular signals to cellular responses as diverse as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Of the MAPK pathways, the p38 signaling pathway has most extensively been studied for its role in the generation of IFN-induced responses. p38 is phosphorylated and activated in a type-I IFN-dependent manner and the inhibition of p38 activity blocks IFNα-dependent transcription of genes that are regulated by ISREs. However, the effects of type-I IFNs on JNK pathway remains poorly understood. ISG15 is one of the most strongly induced genes after IFN treatment. It is also strongly induced by viral infection or lipopolysaccharide. ISG15 contains two domains with significant homology to ubiquitin sequence, accounting for its cross-reactivity to ubiquitin antibodies. Therefore, it has also been called as ubiquitin cross-reactive protein, UCRP. ISG15 is covalently conjugated to target proteins by forming an isopeptide bond in a manner analogous to ubiquitin or other ubiquitin-like proteins, such as SUMO and Nedd8. UBE1L acts as E1 activating enzyme, UBCH8 functions as an E2 conjugating enzyme for ISG15, and Efp and HERC5 serve as ISG15-specific E3 ligases. Proteins that are modified by ISG15 include the signaling molecules STAT1, JAK1, and ERK1, suggesting a potential link between ISGylation and cellular signaling pathway. However, little is known about the physiological consequences of ISGylation of the target proteins. Filamins are non-muscle actin binding proteins that comprise a family of three members: filamin A, B, and C. These filamin isoforms are large cytoplasmic proteins that play important parts in cross-linking cortical actin filaments into a dynamic three-dimensional structure. Filamins also interact with more than 30 cellular proteins of great functional diversity. For example, filamin A binds to numerous proteins involved in signal transduction, including the small GTPase Ra1A, RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42, the guanine nucleotide-exchange factor Trio, and TRAF-2. These diverse interactions suggest that filamins functions as signaling scaffolds by connecting and coordinating a variety of cellular processes, in addition to their role as actin filament-organizing molecules. However, no information is available for the role of filamin B as a signaling scaffold. Here, I will discuss about the role of filamin B and its modification by ISG15 in type-Ⅰ IFN-induced JNK signaling pathway.

STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF ATP - REQUIRING Clp PROTEASE IN E . coli

Chin Ha Chung,Jae Hong Seol 생화학분자생물학회 1996 생화학분자생물학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

Cathepsin B1에 대한 Chloroquine 의 PH 의조직 저해영향

정진하 ( Chin Ha Chung ) 생화학분자생물학회 1986 BMB Reports Vol.19 No.1

Cathepsin B1 was shown to be inhibited by chloroquine in a pH-dependent manner when α-N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide was used as substrate. Chloroquine at 1 mM inhibited the naphthylamidase activity of the enzyme by about 15, 30 and 50% at pH of 5, 6 and 7, respectively, and therefore its inhibitory activity seemed to be increasing with increased buffer pH. Such a pH-dependent inhibition by chloroquine appeared to be due to the increased affinity of the compound to cathepsin B₁ at higher pH, as shown by the preincubation and dialysis experiments and by kinetic analysis. Thus, chloroquine is likely to impair the intracellular protein breakdown by directly inhibiting one of the major lysosomal proteinases, cathepsin B₁, in addition to by raising the intralysosomal pH thereby inactivating the acid proteinases in lysosomes.

Injectable Gel Type Formulation of Hydrated Egg Phosphatidylcholine and Hyaluronate for Local Drug Delivery

Kim, Sang Gyun,Chung, Hesson,Lee, In Hyun,Kang, Seung Back,Kwon, Ick Chan,Sung, Ha Chin,Jeong, Seo Young 한국약제학회 2002 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.32 No.3

Injectable gel composed of egg phosphatidylcholine (egg PC), hyaluronate (HA) and water was formulated for local drug delivery. The lamellar liquid crystalline structure of the eg PC/water system did not change by adding HA in the formulation. However, egg PC/HA/water gel was more resistant to erosion than the egg PC/water gel. The egg PC/HA/water and egg PC/water gels containing model drugs, tetracycline and sudan Ⅳ were prepared to perform I vitro and in vivo drug release experiments. In vitro release of tetracycline was sustained in the gel type formulations. The release rate of hydrophobic sudan Ⅳ was extremely slow. More than 99% of sudan Ⅳ remained inside the gel after 5 days. In vivo release of drugs from the air pouch model in Balb/c mice shows that lipophilic sudan Ⅳ remained for more that 10 days whereas tetracycline remained for 1 day in the pouch. The compatibility of the gels was also examined by histopathology. The gels did not cause any adverse inflammatory effect in the air pouch.

Usefulness of Methylcellulose (MC) in Barium Suspension for Oral Contrast Medium in CT Examination

Chin Chong Hon,Kim Keon Chung,Ha Hyun Kwon Korean Radiological Technologists Associaton 1999 대한방사선사협회지 Vol.25 No.1

We tested MC in barium suspension for the evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract on CT examination. A total of 30 subjects who underwent CT with use of 900 ml of MC in barium suspention ($1.5\%$ weight/volume) were included for the study. Ant