소의 대동맥 내피세포에서 산화저밀도 지단백에 의한 아포프토시스에 백일해 독소 및 콜레라 독소가 미치는 영향

손호영(Ho Young Son),강성구(Sung Ku Kang),강무일(Moo Il Kang),차봉연(Bong Youn Cha),이광우(Kwang Woo Lee),장상아(Sang Ah Chang),최윤희(Yoon Hee Choi),문성대(Sung Dae Moon),안유배(Yoo Bae Ahn),손현식(Hyun Sik Son),윤건호(Kun Ho Yoon) 대한내과학회 1999 대한내과학회지 Vol.56 No.5

N/A Objectives : Oxidized LDL is thought to play a key role in atherogenesis. Among their wide variety of biological properties, oxidized LDL injures the endothelium as an early event of atherogenesis. However, the mechanisms by which oxidized LDL injures endothelial cells are not definitely known. In order to evaluate the involvement of GTP-binding protein on the mechanism of apoptosis, we studied the effects of pertussis and cholera toxin on oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis in bovine aortic endothelial cells(BAECs). Methods : Oxidized LDL elicited apoptosis in cultured BAECs as shown by characteristic morphological and biochemical changes. Chromatin condensation and nucleus fragmentation were visualized by using fluorescence microscopy of intact cells staining by acridine orange/ ethidium bromide. DNA fragmentation was quantified by an ELISA with specific antibody for bromodeoxyuridine- labelled DNA fragments and confirmed with DNA ladder formation. Results : Studies using a combination of bacterial toxins which change the function of GTP-binding protein suggest that oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis was regulated by GTP-binding protein. Oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis was not changed by pretreatment of BAECs with pertussis toxin. In contrast, pretreatment with cholera toxin completely prevented the oxidized LDL- induced apoptosis. Conclusion : These results show that oxidized LDL induces apoptosis of BAECs and suggest that cholera toxin-sensitive G-proteins are involved in signal transduction of oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis of BAEC.

정신분열병 및 정신분열형 장애에 대한 올란자핀의 효과와 안전성

안용민,강대엽,권준수,김창윤,김철응,반건호,신영민,이기철,이동우,이중서,조현상,채정호,김용식 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.4

연구목적 : 본 다기관 공동임상연구는 국내 환자를 대상으로 새로운 항정신병약물인 올라자핀의 치료 효과와 안전성을 확인하고자 시행되었다. 방 법 : 1999년 7월부터 2000년 3월까지 국내 10개 병원에 방문한 정신분열병 및 정신분열형 장애 105명을 대상으로 비대조 개방 임상연구를 시행하였다. 중등도 이상의 정신병 증상을 지니거나, 부작용으로 약물교체가 필요한 경우 또는 기분장애 증상의 치료가 필요한 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 2∼7일간의 약물 배설기간 후에 1일 10mg의 올란자핀을 투여하였고, 이후로 3∼7일 간격으로 용량을 조절하여 총 8주간 투여하였다. 치료 효과는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), BPRS(Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression-Severity), MADRS(Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale), HAM-A(Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety)로 판정하였다. 안전성 평가는 자발적인 이상반응 보고, 활력징후와 혈액 검사 및 SAS(Simpson-Angus Scale), BARS(Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale), AIMS(Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale)척도를 이용하였다. 결 과 : 105명중에서 85.7%인 90명이 8주간의 치료를 완료하였다. 평균 최빈 용량은 일일 16.1(±4.7)mg이었고, 종료시점에서의 BPRS전체 점수가 기저 상태에 비해 40%이상 감소된 반응군은 69.5%이었다. PANSS의 양성 증후군과 일반정신병리 뿐만 아니라 음성 증후군 소척도에서도 유의한 감소를 보였으며, 이 감소들은 치료 초기부터 나타나서 8주간 지속되었다. 43.8%의 피험자가 중등도 이상의 우울증상을 같이 지니고 있었으며, 올란자핀에 의해 MADRS와 HAM-A가 유의하게 감소하였다. 치료 기간 동안에 활력징후에는 뚜렷한 변화가 없었으나 체중은 8주간 지속적으로 증가하였다. SAS와 AIMS는 감소하였으며, 정좌불능증을 제외한 나머지 추체외로 증상의 발생비율도 낮았다. 임상적인 증상이나 징후를 동반하지 않는 ALT/SGPT의 상승을 보였지만 프로락틴을 포함하는 대부분의 혈액 검사상 뚜렷한 이상 변화는 없었다. 결 론 ; 비록 본 임상연구가 비대조 개방 임상연구로서 많은 제한점을 가지고 있지만, 올란자핀이 기존 약물에 내약성을 보이거나 기분증상을 동반하는 정신병에 치료 효과가 있었다. 그리고 기존 항정신병약물 치료시에 문제가 되었던 추체외로 증상과 고프르로락틴 혈증을 포함하는 대부분의 부작용면에서 안전성을 보여 주었다. Objective : This multicenter clinical trial was carried out to investigate the efficacy and the safety of olanzpine for the treatment of Korean patients. Mothod : 105 patients with schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder, visited at 10 mental or university hospitals, had received an open and non-comparative treatment with olanzapine for 8 weeks. Patients had psychotic or depressive symptoms with the severity above moderate degree or intolerable side effects to previous antipsychotics. After a wash-out period of 2-7 days, 10mg olanzapine was prescribed initially to all the patients, and then the dosage could be adjusted within the range of 5-20mg/day of olanzapine by 3-7 days. Results : 90(85.7%) of 105 patients completed the 8-weeks trial and the mean modal dose of olanzapine was 16.1(±4.7%)mg/day. At the end of the trial, 73 patients(69.5%) were classified as responder, which was defined as 40% or more improvement in BPRS(Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale) score comparing to baseline. There was a significant reduction in the scores of PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale)and subscales including negative symptom scores and CGI. Also weekly analysis showed that the reductions in scores were kept on for the whole period of the trial. 43.8% of all the patients had depressive symptoms at the baseline and total scores of MADRS(Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale) and HAM-A(Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety) were also reduced after the trials. Vital signs revealed no clinically significant changes but continuous weight gain was observed during the treatment with olanzapine. The scores of SAS(Simpson-Angus Scale) and AIMS(Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale) for assessing the EPS(extrapyramidal symptoms)and tardive dyskinesia respectively were significantly decreased and only a few patients reported EPS as adverse events. Although mild and clinically non-significant of ALT/SGPT was observed, most laboratory parameters including plasma prolactin level showed to significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : Although this trial had many limitations because it was a non-comparative and open study, olanzapine showed high efficacy on the positive, negative and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder.In addition to that, olanzapine showed a substantially favorable safety profile, such as low incidence of EPS and hyperprolactinemia.

초자체흡인술이 폐쇄우각 녹내장의 전방깊이에 미치는 영향

안병헌,김창식,김용백 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1988 충남의대잡지 Vol.15 No.2

From an eye with chronic angle-closure glaucoma, 0.4 ml of vitreous was aspirated at the same time of trabeculectomy. The ultrasonographic measurement revealed decrease in the length of the vitreous cavity and increase in the depth of the anterior chamber by 0.3 mm at 2 months following the vitreous tap when compared with the preoperative measurement. The other 4 eyes which had undergone argon laser iridectomy or trabeculectomy alone did not show change in the intraocular intersegmental distances. In certain cases with chronic angle-closure glaucoma, it seemed that the vitreous tap procedure might deepen the anterior chamber following a filtration surgery and give a beneficial effect to prevent a further postoperative synechial closure of the chamber angle.

골프 전공자의 참여 동기가 운동 몰입 행동에 미치는 영향

안창식 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.6

The purpose of this study were to investigate the effects of Flow in exercise on participating motivation of specialize in golfer. It examines closely the effect where the exercise participation motivation goes mad to a Flow. The predictive variables of exercise maintenance and drop-out was asked for the subjects. It understands the specialize in golfer behavior. In order it induces with the motive where the adherence is high and to become the exercise for lifetime. The questionnaire which is used with the research tool as exercise participation motive of the Pelletier, and it used the questionnaire of the Wessingger and Bandalos. The Flow during exercise of questionnaire will adopt the fact that the Scanlan which develops and modifies the questionnaire. The data analysis used a SPSS 10.0 for Windows statistical analysis. In order to classify subscale of the Flow during exercise, a dependent variable is an motive participation in exercise and the independent variable is a Flow in exercise. It executed a factor analysis. For the hypothesis testing about the effect where the exercise participation motivation goes mad to a Flow it executed Multiple Regression Analysis. 1. It is only that pleasure in the powerful relationship among the motivation factors. 2. The cognitive Flow which probably is pleasure, and then the skill development and the motivation are appeared. 3. The behavior Flow was ordered in extrinsic ostentation, skill development, pleasure and health-physical fitness.

정신분열병 환자에서 가족력, 산과적 합병증 및 신체미세기형의 관련성에 관한 연구

안용민,김용식,정희연,신지용,윤세창,배안,이중서,주은정,이창인 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.2

연구목적 : 저자들은 태생기 동안에 받는 유전외적 요인, 즉 환경적 요인이 산발성 정신분열병 환자들의 발병에 크게 관여할 것이라고 가정하였다. 이를 검증하기 위하여 형제 중 1인 이상이 발병하여 가족력을 분명히 알 수 있는 정신분열병 환자군(이하 형제 환자군)과 가족력이 없는 산발성 정신분열병 환자군(이하 산발성 환자군) 및 정상대조군을 대상으로 산과적 합병증, 신체미세기형 및 정신분열병의 임상 양상을 비교하였다. 방 법 : 연구 대상은 형제 환자군 43명(남 22명, 여 21명), 산발성 환자군 43명(남 23명, 여 20명), 정상대조군 43명(남 20명, 여 23명)이었다. 산과적 합병증은 Lewis 척도를 이용하여 평가하였고 신체미세기형은 Waldrop 척도를 이용하여 측정하였다. 임상 양상으로서 발병 연령, 병전 기능 수준, 정신병리, 약물에 대한 반응, 회복시의 전반적 기능 수준, 지연성 운동장애의 유무를 평가하였다. 결 과 : 정상대조군과 정신분열병 환자군 전체를 비교하였을 때 산과적 합병증과 신체미세기형의 총점과 각 소항목의 점수에 차이가 없었다. 산발성 환자군과 형제 환자군을 비교하였을 때 산과적 합병증의 전체 점수에서는 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 출생 당시에 태아가 받은 스트레스 항목의 점수가 산발성 환자군에서 유의하게 높았다. 신체미세기형에서는 전체 점수 및 입의 미세기형 점수가 산발성 환자군에서 유의하게 높았다. 신체미세기형의 전체 점수가 4점 이상인 환자수도 산발성 환자군에서 높은 경향성을 보였다. 산과적 합병증과 신체미세기형 사이의 상호 연관성은 찾을 수 없었다. 정신분열병의 임상 양상 중에서는 Krawiecka 척도의 총점 및 양성 증상 점수와 회복시의 전반적 기능 수준만이 형제 환자군에 비해 산발성 환자군에서 유의하게 높았다. 성별에 따라서는 형제 환자군에서 남자 환자의 산과적 합병증이 유의하게 높았다. 결 론 : 본 연구를 통해 산과적 합병증 및 신체미세기형 연구가 정신분열병의 원인을 규명하기 위한 유용한 방법임이 시사되었지만, 가족력, 산과적 합병증 및 신체미세기형의 관련성에 대해서는 분명한 결론을 내리지 못하였다. The authors hypothesized that sporadic schizophrenic patients had more chances of receiving environmental insults during the fetal neural development compared with familial schizophrenics. We tested our hypothesis by comparing obstetric complications(OCs), minor physical anomalies(MPAs) and other clinical features, and examining the correlation between OCs and MPAs in schizophrenic patients who had one or more sibling with schizophrenia(sibling group) and sporadic schizophrenics(sporadic group) and normal controls. OCs were evaluated by the scale of Lewis, and MPAs were measured by the Waldrop scale. There were no significant difference in OCs and MPAs between schizophrenic and control groups. Sporadic group had significantly higher fetal distress, total Waldrop score and Waldrop score for mouth than sibling group. And there was a tendency that the number of subjects having the Waldrop score over 4 points was greater in the sporadic group. No significant correlation was observed between CCs and MPAs. The scores of initial psychopathology and post-treatment functioning were much higher in the sporadic group, but the other clinical feature showed no difference. Although male patients had more OCs than female patients in sibling group, no sex difference were observed as a whole. Our results suggest that, if the methodological weakness were complemented, OCs and MPAs would be useful tools in the search for the cause of schizophrenia.

넙치 및 조피볼락용 습사료의 보관조건에 따른 안정성 평가

안창범,주용석,정관식,서경란,신태선 여수대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.13 No.2

본 실험은 습사료를 대상으로 보관조건(온도별, 시간별)에 따른 지질의 산화진행 정도를 파악하여 사료의 효율적인 이용성을 구명하고자 산가(acid value, AV), 과산화물가(peroxide avlue, POV) 및 비타민 함량을 분석하였다. 생사료와 분말배합사료를 혼합하여 제조한 습사료는 혼합비가 8:2 사료에서 5:5 사료보다 높은 AV와POV를 나타내었고, 보관기간이 경과함에 따라 보관조건과는 상관없이 8:2 사료에서 빠른 산패를 보였다. 산화진행속도는 4℃ 보관조건하에서는 48시간째, -15℃ 보관조건하에서는 72시간째에서 빠르게 일어났다. 60,000 Lux이상의 직사광선 노출하에서의 AV,POV는 노출시간이 길어질수록 증가하였고, 8:2사료에서 빠르게 변화하였다. This experiment was conducted to investigate rancidity in moist pellet(MP) during various practical condition of handling and storage conditions. The experimental moist pellet diets were prepared by mixing frozen raw fish (FRF) and commercial compound meal (CCM) in ratio of 8:2 and 5:5, respectively. Immediately before and after manufacturing of MP, the MPs were stored at 4℃ and -15℃, and exposed under the sunlight(30±2℃, 60000Lux). The rancidity of each MP was determined from 1 to 96 hours after pellting. The acid value (AV) and peroxide value (POV) in the diets stored at 4 and -15℃ increased rapidly after 48 and 72 hours, respectively. For the sample exposed sunlight, AV and POV were slightly increased with the exposed time. The rancidity increased in the 8:2MP(FRF : CCM) than in the 5:5MP(ERF : CCM) at all storage condition and the amount of vitamin E in MPs decreased rapidly as AV and POV increased.

모양체 해리로 인한 저안압의 치료효과

김창식,안승일,박근성 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1996 충남의대잡지 Vol.23 No.2

We assessed 12 eyes of 12 patients with persisting hypotony after traumatic cyclodialysis and one eye of another patient with cyclodialysis cleft after secondary intraocular lens implantation. All eyes showed persistent hypotony and no increment of intraocular pressure (IOP) nor the visual acuity during the follow up period of average 4.8 months before treatment. We treated these eyes with argon laser photocoagulation and/ or direct cyclopexy with scleral incision under the partial thickness scleral flap as the method presented by Naumann et al. The IOP changed from 3.7±1.6mmHg to 13.2±5. 6mmHg and visual acuity improved by 4.6±3.2 lines during the average 10.1 months of follow-up period. Of the 13 eyes, 9 eyes (69.2%) showed improvement of visual acuity more than 4 lines and increment of IOP more than 8mmHg and they were classified as a success, and 2 eyes (15.4%) showed no or little improvement of visual acuity despite the increment of IOP to 8 mmHg and 12mmHg respectively and they were classified as a partial success. Another 2 eyes (15.4%) were classified as a failure because they showed no improvement of visual acuity nor the IOP. The last 2 eyes had severe associated injuries on the other parts of eye such as choriod and retina. A-scan axial length measurement was performed on 6 eyes and the axial lengths were increased by 1.14±0.96mm after cyclopexy in 5 eyes those were classified as a success or partial success, but in one eye classified as a failure the IOP and the axial length were decreased after surgery. The refractive errors were examined in 7 eyes and it was changed from +1.95Dsph to +0.55Dsph on average spherical equivalent after treatment in 5 eyes that were classified as a success or partial success.

대학생의 단극성 우울증 치료를 위한 프로그램의 개발

전윤식,정영홍,안창규,임종찬,김정자 釜山大學校 學生生活硏究所 1986 硏究報 Vol.22 No.1

The study was to develop a Korean college student version of the Psychoeducational Intervention Program for unipolar depression originally developed by Lewinsohn et. al. (1982). In addition, the study was to find the effectiveness and any procedural problems for the application to the college students in unipolar depression. In order to achieve the above purposes, seven college students among volunteers were selected in terms of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Depression scale of MMPI(MMPI-D). All the subjects scored above 70 points of T-score on MMPI-Depression scale, below 60 points of t-score on MMPI-Mania scale, and also above 16 points on BDI. The original program by Lewinsohn et. al. (1982) was translated and revised to seven session program for college students and also reconstructed the related materials which were workbooks and activity tasks. Examining the effectiveness of the program to the college students, pre- and post- tests of BDI and MMPI-D were given. The results showed that there were significant reduction of post- test scores of BDI and MMPI-D. Therefore, the program was confirmed to be effective for the college students in unipolar depression. The main procedural problems implementing the program was how to make students in depression actively follow and motivate in the procedures of the program.

Fluoroacetate(Platol)중독 증상 연구 : 자살기도자를 중심으로

한창환,황주연,김경식,안석철 大韓神經精神醫學會 1984 신경정신의학 Vol.23 No.1

This study was designed to evaluate the clinical problems of fluoroacetate intoxication. The total number of the fluoroacetate intoxication patients who came to the emergency room of Han Gang Sacred Heart Hospital from Jan. 1, 1983 to Aug. 31, 1983 were 96 cases. Among them, 41 attempters who were consulted to the psychiatrist were evaluated and observed in detail. The following results were obtained. 1. The rodenticide poisoning accounts for 37.2% of all toxic substance intoxication(total 266 cases) at Han Gang Sacred Heart Hospital from Jan. 1983 to Aug. 1983. Among them, 96 cases(36.1%) of fluorcacetate intoxication were observed. 2. Female was affected 2.4 times more frequently than male. 35.5% of total cases belonged to age group 21∼30years, when incidence was most prevalent 3. As the route of drug obtainment, supplement were commonest(63.3%), purchase in 29.4%. 4. CNS disturbances such as drowsiness, stupor, semicoma and irritability were observed in 75.6% of the cases. Speech disturbances such as dysarthria, childish speech was observed in 9.8%of the cases. Convulsion(29.3%), tremor(12.2%) spasm and twitching(4.9%) were also frequently observed. Tachycardia was found in 43.8% of the cases and other frequent symptoms were nausea and vomiting(53.7%), abdominal pain(34.2%), mild or high fever(26.8%). Lower calcium(below 9mg) was found in 29.3% of the cases and lower potassium(below 3.5mEq) was found in 22.0% of the cases. EKG findings revealed QT prolongation(22.0%), ST-T change(22.0%) and u-wave, RBBB, and PVC(14.6%). 5. 92 cases(95.8%) recovered without sequelae and 4 cases(4.2%) expired.

유한요소법에 의한 도파관 급전 캐비티의 전자계해석

정봉식,안창회 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1994 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.22 No.2

Electromagnetic fields of the rectangular waveguide-loaded cavity are calculated using finite element method. Magnetic field vectors are used as vector variables with edge basis functions. The cavity analyzed in this paper is loaded by the rectangular waveguide only ?? mode excited. Also complex reflection coefficients are obtained.