Association of Change in Smoking Status and Subsequent Weight Change with Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Jeong Seogsong,Oh Yun Hwan,Choi Seulggie,Chang Jooyoung,Kim Sung Min,Park Sun Jae,Cho Yoosun,Son Joung Sik,Lee Gyeongsil,Park Sang Min 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2023 Gut and Liver Vol.17 No.1

Background/Aims: Smoking is considered a risk factor for the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the association of a weight change after a change in smoking status and the risk of NAFLD remains undetermined. Methods: This study used the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. Based on the first (2009 to 2010) and second (2011 to 2012) health examination periods, 139,180 adults aged at least 40 years were divided into nonsmoking, smoking cessation, smoking relapse, and sustained smoking groups. NAFLD was operationally defined using the fatty liver index. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression. Results: Compared to nonsmoking with no body mass index (BMI) change, the risk of NAFLD was significantly increased among subjects with BMI gain and nonsmoking (aOR, 4.07; 95% CI, 3.77 to 4.39), smoking cessation (aOR, 5.52; 95% CI, 4.12 to 7.40), smoking relapse (aOR, 7.51; 95% CI, 4.81 to 11.72), and sustained smoking (aOR, 6.65; 95% CI, 5.33 to 8.29), whereas the risk of NAFLD was reduced among participants with BMI loss in all smoking status groups. In addition, smoking cessation (aOR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.35 to 2.29) and sustained smoking (aOR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.39 to 1.94) were associated with higher risk of NAFLD among participants with no BMI change. The liver enzyme levels were higher among participants with smoking cessation and BMI gain. Conclusions: Monitoring and management of weight change after a change in smoking status may be a promising approach to reducing NAFLD.

중부지역 옥수수 파종기에 따른 생육단계 및 수량성 변화

서종호, 문중경, 정건호, 서민정, 구자환, 박장환, 배환희, 신성휴, 권영업 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2014 農業科學硏究 Vol.30 No.2

Maize hybrids were planted on April 1, April 25, May 20 and June 15 in 2012, 2013 at the experimental paddy and upland fields in Suwon city , respectively to know changes of growth stage and yield according to different planting time. Maize planting on April 1 was not recommended because total growing days at planting on April 1 was not different with that at planting on April 25 due to many days from planting to emergence over 20 days at planting on April 1. Total growing days were not much different among three planting time after April 25 because days from silking to maturity was lengthened though days from planting to silking was shortened at later planting time. Stalk weight was decreased as planting time was delayed, particularly at planting times after May 20 at paddy field by excess water injury during early growth stage. But, grain yield was not low as in May and June. It is needed to introduce early maturity maize variety as Yanganok at late planting for higher grain yield and enough time for soil preparation for next winter crops

Interaction of Ribose - binding Protein with Trg Chemosensory Transducer in Escherichia coli

Park, Chang Kyu,Jung, Kwang Hwan 한국유전학회 1990 Genes & Genomics Vol.12 No.4

The Trg transducer of E. coli, located in cytoplasmic membrane mediates attractant response to ribose. The periplasmic ribose-binding protein (RBP) is encoded by rbsB gene and is thought to interact with Trg transducer. Ligand-occupied ribose-binding protein is supposed to exert chemotatic response by binding to the Trg transducer and to transport ribose into the cytoplasm. To study the interaction of RBP with Trg, we used trg-8 mutation (Arg85His) that has specific defects in chemotactic response to ribose. We have mutagenized pA112 plasmid containing rbsB gene with hydroxylamine. The mutagenized rbsB plasmids were introduced into the strain that has trg-8 mutation and then ribose taxis positive transformants were screened on ribose swarm plate. Four suppressors that restore ribose taxis have been isolated. Two of the mutations were sequenced by DNA sequencing to find their mutational changes. One has Glu191Lys change and the other Pro65Ser. These results suggest that the residues of 65 and 191 of RBP are important for the interaction with Trg transducer. The structural role and significance of these residues in receptor interaction are discussed based on their locations in three dimensional structure of RBP generated by computer modelling.

Development of vitrification protocol in Rubia akane (nakai) hairy roots using a systematic approach.

Park, Sang-Un,Kong, Hyunjung,Shin, Dong-Jin,Bae, Chang-Hwan,Lee, Sheong-Chun,Bae, Chang-Hyu,Rha, Eui-Shik,Kim, Haeng-Hoon Royal Veterinary College 2014 Cryo letters Vol.35 No.2

<P>A solution-based vitrification protocol is a process of sequentially changing-solutions from which both influx of cryoprotectants (loading) and efflux of water (dehydration) were accomplished before cryo-exposure. Hence, we need to properly control the concentration /composition of the cryoprotectant solutions.</P>

카드뮴 측적량과 붕어(Carassius auratus) 아가미 조직 변화의 상관성에 관한 연구

배희경,김은경,남성숙,문창규,전성환,나진균,박광식 한국환경독성학회 2002 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.17 No.1

Histopathological changes and cadmium accumulations in the gills were investigated in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 mg/l cadmium (Cd)concentrations for 25 days. After 25 days of exposure, cadmium accumulations increased in each of the different exposure concentrations. Histopathological changes in the gills of curcian carp exposed to cadmium included the acidification of mucous cell, the terminal clubbing of lamellae, the hyperplasia of epitherial cell and the curved of secondary lamellae. The similar histopathological changes were observed once the accumulations of cadmium reached the similar levels found in the present study with the different exposure schemes. Also the acidification of mucous cell in gills appeared when cadmium accumulations reached 5 ㎍/g and more. These results suggested that histopathological changes in the gills, an appearance of mucous cell acidification, be used to estimate the relation between toxic effect and cadmium accumulations in the gills.

도시공원에 있어서 공원적 수목원 조성 방안에 관한 연구 : 목포시 유달산 도시자연공원을 사례지역으로 A Case for Urban Natural Park of Yudal-San in Mokpo City

조영환,우창호,곽행구,박송희 木浦大學校 沿岸環境硏究所 1996 沿岸環境硏究 Vol.13 No.1

This study aims is suggested a development methods of reasonable for security to identity of urban park which supplement to demerits of urban natural park and arboretum. Park orinted arboretum had characteristic not only enjoyment but learned to use all facility of park and exhibition at the same time to function of scientific research, education and park. Case study is conducted on the YU DAL SAN in Mok po city.

천연물이 간대사에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구(Ⅱ)

최기환,김순선,박윤주,안미령,서수경,신윤용,김동섭,장영섭 식품의약품안전청 1997 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.1 No.-

천연물이 간대사에 미치는 영향페 대한 연구의 일환으로 세계 전 지역에서 널리 사용되고 잇으며 우리나라에서도 사용빈도가 높으나 간염등 간질환 유발사레가 보고되고 있는 마황, 황금 및 샐제 임상에서 이들 생약과 복합해서 자주 사용죄고 있는 대황을 선정하여, 띠들 천연물의 투여가 간 대사에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 대황,마황, 황금 수침액을 1.09/kg의 용량으로 럿드에 7일간 경구 투여하고,최종투여 24시간 후 랫드의 간을 적출하였다. 간 대사에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위한 모질약뿔인 7-etliokycournarin을 적출간에 과관류하면서 2시간동안 일정시간 간격으로 관류액을 채취하여 생성된 7-ethoxycoumarin의 대사체인 7-hydroxycoin, glucuronide 포합체, sulfate포합체를 대조군과 배교 관찰하였다. 또한 긴독성 지표로서 혈청 ALT, AST를 측정하였으며 적출관류간에 대해 lipid peronidation 정도를 살펴보고 ÷t직병리검사를 실시하였다. 대촹 투여군에서는 7-ethoxycoumarin의 gulcuronidation이 갛소하였고fP<0.01), 마황투여군에서는 7-ethoxycoumarin의 o-deethylation이 증가하였다(P<0.01). 이러한 7-ethoxycoumariu 대사의 변화가 대황, 마황에 의한 관련 효소의 생합성 증가/감소에 의한 것인지 여부를 살펴보고자 일착로 CYPIAI, Ct'P2Bl CDHA primer를 사용하여 적출관류간 소포체에서 mRNA level을 측정하였다.마황투옥군에서 CVPIAI mRNA level의 증가가 관찰되었지만 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내지는 않았다. 또한 이들 천연물에 의한 간독성 유발여부를 비교 평가한 결과 혈청 ALT 및 AST는 대조군에 비하여 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 만성 간염정도를 나타내는 지표인 ALT/AST ratio는 마황 투여군에ㅓ 대조군에 비하여 유으한 차이를 나타내었고 대황투여군에서 간소포체내 lipid Peroxidation(MDA production)이 대조군에 비해 증가하였다.반면 조직학적 관찰결과는 대조군에 비하여 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 요약하면 랫드에서 대황 투여에 의해 7-ethoxycoumarin gtucuronidation이 감소되었으며, 마황 투여에 의해서 7-ethoxycoumarin의 o-deethylation은 증가되었고 마창 투여군의 경우 이러한 효소의 활성증가는 CYPIA1 induction에 의한 것일 수도 있다는 가능성을 제시하고 있다. In recent 3rears, hepatotoxicity concerned with Ephedrae herba or Scutellariae radixadmiBistration was case reported and Rhei rhizoma is commonly used with them. Tn order to study theeffect of Rhei rhizoma, Ep]ledrae herba and Scutellariae radix on hepatic metabolism, we exalnined theeffect of those pretreatment on the metabolism of 7-ethoxycoumarin(EC). Water extracts(Ig/fg) ofRhei rhiaoma, Ephedrae tterba and Scutetlariae radix were admi3tistered orally to rats for T days,respectively. Livers were t:ten isolated and perfused with 100uM EC for 2 hours. The metabolites of EC,7-hydroxycoernarin, sulfate conjugate and glucuronide conjugate, were measured in the perfusates dur-ing perfusion. The amount of glucuronide conjvgates was decreased iB ahei rhizoma pretreated rats (p <0.01) and 7-bfdroxycournarin was increased in Ephedrae herba pretreated rats(p < 0.01). To examineTrhether the change of enByme activity is related to the induction ,or inhibition of enzymes concerned,we measured the change oif CYPIAt and CYPaBl mRNA level in the perfused rat liver, which are con-sidered to be EC specifie. However, CYPIAI and CYPEBI rnRNA ilevel were not found to be changedwith Rhei rhizoma nor I]3hedrae herba pretreatmen·t. We also assessed the hepatic toxicity of Rheirhizoma,.:phedrae herba and Scutellariae radix. The activity of ALT and AST was assayed at 34hrsafter 7 dfyt ndrninistratiofl and it was not found to be changed- Only the ratio of ALT over AST was in-creased in Epedrae herbs. pretreated rats(p < 0.05), which implies possible chronic hepatitis. Lipidperoxidation was increased in Rhei rhizoma treatment(p <0.05) , while histopathological examinationperformed after liver perfusion did not show any difference compared with vehicle treatmeut. Theseresutts suggest that Ephedrae herba pretreatment increases the o-deethylation of 7- ethoxrcoumariB inrats, which Inay be mediated by CYPIAI mRNA induction.

폐질환이 동맥혈 이산화탄소 분압과 호기말 이산화탄소 분압의 차이에 미치는 영향

김재환,장문석,임춘학,박영철 대한마취과학회 1999 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.36 No.5

Background : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of lung disease on the difference between arterial and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension by placing patients from the supine to the lateral decubitus position and by the changes from two lung ventilation (TLV) to one lung ventilation (OLV) during thoracic surgery. Method : Fifteen patients who had no parenchymal lung disease were selected for control group and 15 patients who had parenchymal lung disease on non-dependent lung were selected for disease group. All patients had been intubated with double lumen endobronchial tubes and respiration was controlled with a rate of 14∼15 breaths per minute and tidal volume 8 ml/kg. End-tidal and arterial carbon dioxide tension were measured at three different measurement periods (supine plus TLV, lateral decubitus plus TLV, lateral decubitus plus OLV). Results : The arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide tension difference was more increased in disease group than control group. But there was no significnt difference in arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide tension with position change, ventilation method change in each groups. Conclusion : We conclude that the arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide tension difference is increased in lung disease, but it does not changed with position and ventilation method change. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1999; 36: 818∼822)

가스성분 및 용접와이어의 변화에 따른 SS400소재의 CO₂용접에서 용접부의 상태변화 고찰

김법헌(Bub-Hun Kim),김원일(Won-Il Kim),최창(Chang Choi),박용환(Yong-Hwan Park) 한국기계가공학회 2012 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.11 No.5

On this study, CO₂ gas, net of Ar gas, and mixed gas in solid wire(AWS ER 70S-6) and flux cored wire(AWS E71T-1) were used to weld on Mild steel(SS400). After the progress, the status changes of the welds in Mild steel(SS400) were investigated with compositional changes. For stable experiments, welding was conducted using the automatic feeder. Radiation testing, hardness testing, chemical composition analysis and penetrated cross-section were measured. Through these experiments, shapes of penetrated cross-section, chemical composition changes, and weld defects according to the variation of welding gas were known. Weld defects and weld cross-sectional shapes by the variation of the welding voltage were also detected.

상피성 암세포주에 대한 녹차 Catechin의 효과

박정현(Jeong Hyun Park),김대중(Dae Joong Kim),한장희(Jang Hee Hahn),김홍태(Hong Tae Kim),정용욱(Yong Wook Jung),성훈기(Hoon Ki Sung),김주영(Joo Young Kim),송인환(In Hwan Song),성언기(Eon Gi Sung),이융창(Yung Chang Lee) 대한해부학회 2001 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.34 No.5

Catechin은 녹차에서 추출되는 폴리페놀의 주요성분으로 고혈압 및 동맥경화의 예방효과, 당뇨억제효과, 항산화작용, 항암작용 등에 직접 관여하는 물질이다. 본 연구에서는 태평양에서 제공받은 녹차 catechin을 이용하여 상피성 암세포주인 A549 (폐암)와 EATC (복수암)세포에 투여한 후 처리농도와 시간에 따른 변화를 비교, 관찰함으로써 녹차의 효과와 작용기전을 밝혀내는데 목적이 있었다. 본실험은 A549 세포와 EATC 세포를 배양한 후 녹차 catechin을 1, 10, 100, 500 μg/ml의 농도로 48시간 동안 처리하였고, 광학현미경, 공초점현미경, 전자현미경 등을 이용하여 세포의 구조적 변화를 확인하였으며 MTT분석, 전기영동, 유세포분석기 등을 사용하여 세포 손상정도를 파악하였다. A549 세포에서는 catechin 1 μg/ml와 10 μg/ml 농도에서는 대조군에 비하여 큰 변화를 관찰할 수 없었다. 100 μg/ml catechin을 처리하였을 때 세포내의 검은 과립들의 수가 증가하였고 층판소체의 손상이 나타났다. 세포주기의 장애가 나타나 DNA 합성전기에 있는 세포들의 수가 급격히 증가하였다. 500 μg/ml 농도에서는 층판소체와 사립체의 파괴가 심하게 나타났으며 세포생존율이 감소하였고 세포주기의 장애도 관찰되었다. EATC 세포에서는 catechin의 농도가 A549 세포의 경우보다 낮은 농도에서도 세포증식 억제 및 세포손상 효과가 나타났다. 10 μg/ml 농도에서도 세포의 위축과 생존율의 감소가 일어났으며 전기영동상에 괴사되는 세포들이 파악되었다. 100μg/ml catechin을 처리하였을 때 자연사의 형태학적 관찰, 전기영동, 유세포분석 등에서 자연사 과정에 있는 세포들이 많이 나타났다. 결과적으로 녹차 catechin을 배양한 상피성 암세포에 투여함으로서 세포의 생존율과 증식이 억제되었고 그 과정에서 괴사, 자연사, 세포주기의 장애 등이 관여하는 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 일련의 세포손상과정을 유도하는 데 있어 세포의 종류, 처리 시간, 농도에 따라 다소 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. Catechin is main component of polyphenol extracts from green tea, it is associated with prevention of hypertension and atherosclerosis, anti-diabetic effect, antioxidant, antitumor. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect and its mechanism of green tea catechin on epithelial cancer cell lines in various concentrations and durations. For this study, epithelial cancer cell lines, A549 (lung cancer), EATC (Ehrlich-Lettre ascites tumor cell) were used. Inverted, light, confocal and electron microscopes were applied to find morphological changes. MTT assay, flowcytometric analysis, gel electrophoresis were used to compare severity of cellular damages to control after exposure to 1, 10, 100 and 500 μg/ml catechin for 48 hours. In the A549 cells, after 1 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml catechin treatments, there was no notable changes. However, exposure to 100 μg/ml catechin induced increase of cytoplasmic granules, destruction of lamellar body, inhibition of cell cycle, especially G0/G1. In the early phase of 500 μg/ml catechin administration, decrease of cell population, severe destruction of lamellar bodies and mitochondria, derangement of cell cycle were shown. In the EATC, such as those effects occurred after exposure to lower concentration of catechin than in that of A549 cells. After exposure of 10 μg/ml catechin, rounded-up cells and necrotic cells were found. Whereas, most of cells were under apoptotic changes-cytoplasmic condensation, nuclear fragmentation, cellular shrinkage, ladder pattern in the electrophoresis, when administrated 100 μg/ml catechin. These results suggested that exposure of catechin induced severe cellular damage and growth inhibition in dose- and time-dependent manner. And we confirmed that these effects of catechin were involved with apoptosis, necrosis and cell cycle arrest and were quite different according to cancer type. Therefore, much more research would be demanded before clinical application of catechin to human cancer therapy and this study would be the basic source for further study of green tea.