체간부의 사상체질별 형태학적 특징에 관한 연구

홍석철,이수경,이의주,한기환,조용진,최창석,고병희,송일병,Hong, Suck-chull,Lee, Su-kyung,Lee, Eui-joo,Han, Gi-hwan,Chou, Yong-jin,Choi, Chang-seok,Koh, Byung-hee,Song, Il-byung 사상체질의학회 1998 사상체질의학회지 Vol.10 No.1

1. 연구 목적 및 배경 사상의학(四象醫學)에서의 대소음양인(太少陰陽人)의 체질 구분의 근거는 폐비간현(肺脾肝賢)의 각기 다른 장리로 인한 것으로 이는 폐비간현(肺脾肝賢)의 위치와 사상인(四象人) 구분의 근거인 체형기상(體形氣像)까지 이어진다. 이러한 각기 다른 체형기상(體形氣像)은 사상인 체질 구분의 가장 중요한 단서중의 하나로 이를 측정하여 각 체질의 사초(四焦) 체간부(體幹部)를 수기로 측정한 연구가 있었으나 이는 측정상의 오류가 많아 본 연구에서는 삼차원계측기를 이용하여 각 체질별 체간의 삼차원적인 특징을 해부학적 위치를 중심으로 측정하고 둘레, 단면적, 체적 등의 입체적 측정을 통해 체간부의 정량적인 특정을 살펴 체질 구분에 이용하고자 하였다. 2. 연구 방법 체질진단용 설문지 1번, QSCC(II), 맥진, 침진의 진단 방법을 이용하고 사상의학 전문의에 의해 체질 진단된 건강한 20대에서 40대까지의 성인 남자 40명과 여자 20명을 대상으로 Rapid 3D Color Scanner Model 3030 RGB/PS를 사용하여 삼차원 영상을 촬영한 후 해부학적 구조를 근거로 31항목의 체적, 전표 면적, 높이를 측정하고 25가지의 사초 가설을 설정하여 각 체질별 사초의 삼차원적인 특징을 구하였다. 3. 연구 결과 및 결론 1) 체간부 측정 항목의 절대치 (1) 여자의 특징 태음인이 다른 체질에 비해 체간부가 큰 편이고 소음인이 대개의 경우 가장 작은 경향을 나타내었다. 그러나 갑상연골점의 목둘레, 흉골상단의 단면적과 전둘레, 경폭에서 소양인이 가장 작은 것으로 나타나 소양인이 경부 즉, 체간의 최상부가 가장 둘레가 가는 것을 알 수 있다. 유두선 높이의 단면적, 전둘레, 깊이와 중완선높이의 전후둘레의 체간부에서 태음인이 소음인보다 큰 것으로 나타나 체간부의 상부는 소음인이 가장 작은 것으로 나타났다. 치골상단의 폭은 소양인이 가장 작은 것으로 나타났다. (2) 남자의 특징 갑상연골점, 흉골상단, 액와, 유두, 검상돌기, 중완, 하완, 제부, 상전장골극, 치골결합상단 부위에 이르기까지 전 항목에서 태음인의 체형이 가장 크며 소음인의 체형이 가장 작은 것으로 나타났다. 갑상연골점 높이에서 전후둘레, 폭, 깊이에서 태음인이 가장 크고 소음인이 가장 작은 것으로 나타났다. 유두와 유하간의 수직거리는 소양인이 가장 크고 소음인이 가장 작은 것으로 나타났다. 2) 사초부위의 절대치의 비교 (1) 여자 상초의 항목 중에서 갑상연골점 높이에서 액와선높이까지의 체적과 흉골상단높이에서 유두높이까지의 체간 상부 체적이 소양인이 가장 작았다. 소양인이 체간 상부가 다른 체질에 비해 작다. 중상초 : 중상초의 항목 중 흉골상단에서 중완까지의 체적과 흉골상단에서 검상돌기까지의 체적에서 태음인이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. (2) 남자 상초, 중상초, 중하초, 하초의 경우 태음인이 소음인보다 체적이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 3) 체간에서 사초가 차지하는 비율에 대한 고찰 (1) 상초 : 액와에서 상전장골극까지를 사초로 설정할때 상초에 해당하는 액와에서 유두선까지의 높이가 태음인이 소양인보다 큰 것으로 나타나 소양인이 액와점에서 유두선 까지의 거리가 체간에서 차지하는 비율이 가장 짧은 것으로 나타났다. (2) 중상초 : 갑상연골점에서 치골결합상단을 사초로 설정할때 흉골상단에서 유두까지의 높이와 액와에서 유두까지의 높이에서 태음인이 소양인보다 큰 것으로 나타났으며 갑상연골점에서 상 1. Objects The base of classification of Sasang Constitution was the different congenital formation of organs such as lungs, spleen, liver, kidneys, and it was expanded from the viscera region of lungs, spleen, liver, kidneys to the body shape of trunk. The researched about body shape of Sasang Constitution have had points of issues which derived by measurement with hands. But this study was measured the characteristics of body shape putting in importance of anatomical position with the computerized 3-Dimension scanner, which minimized the errors of measurement, and it was abled the cubic measurement such as volume, area of cross section as well as round length. 2. Materials & Method The examinee was healthy male 40 persons and female 20 persons from 20's to 40's, who was diagnosed by the specialist of Sasang Constitutional Medicine. The body shape was measured round length, area of cross section, and volume of 31 anatomical points and the 25 hypothesis with the Rapid 3D Color Scanner Model 3030 RGB/PS. And the characteristics of each constitution's body shape was derived. 3. Results & Concousion In female, Taeumin had the largest trunk and Soeumin had the smallest trunk compared to other constitution, but Soyangin had only the smallest neck. Soeumin has the smallest round length of nipple and the $CV_{12}$, and Soyangin has the smallest breadth of ASIS. Soyangin had the smallest volume from thyroid bone to the highest points of armpits and from sternum to nipple. Taeumin had the largest volume from sternum to the $CV_{12}$ and from sternum to xiphoid process. In male, Taeumin had the largest trunk and Soeumin had the smallest trunk from the level of thyroid bone to ASIS. Soyangin has the longest distance and Soeumin has the shortest distance from nipple to the lowest of breast. Taeumin had the largest volume of trunk and Soeumin had the smallest volume of trunk. In the ration of four-Cho, Taeumin had the longest distance from the highest points of armpits to nipple and Soyangin had the shortest distance of that. Soyangin had the smallest ratio of the height of upper middle cho. Soeumin had the smallest ratio from the $CV_{12}$ to navel among trunk. In the correlation among the four Cho, Taeumin had the negative correlation between the Upper-Cho and the Lower-Middle-Cho significantly.

사상체질별(四象體質別) 상안부(上顔部) Moire 형태(形態)의 특징(特徵)에 관한 연구(硏究)

홍석철,이의주,이수경,한기환,고병희,송일병,Hong, Suck-chull,Lee, Eui-ju,Lee, Su-kyung,Han, Gi-hwan,Kho, Byung-hee,Song, Il-byung 사상체질의학회 1998 사상체질의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

1. 연구목적 : 외형적 특징을 통한 사상체질진단을 연구하기 위한 목적이다. 상안부에 나타나는 등고선 영상을 분석하여 사상인별 형태학적 차이를 찾는데 있다. 2. 방법 : 1997년 11월부터 1998년 10월까지 경희의료원 부속한방병원 외래환자 및 직원을 대상으로 설문지 및 임상적치료 경과를 통하여 체질적 경향성이 뚜렷한 여성을 대상자로 선별하였다. 이들을 동일촬영 조건을 통하여 얻은 등고선 영상사진등 형태특이자를 제외한 98례의 모아레 사진을 분석하여 50항목을 측정하고 70항목의 공식을 제작하여 사상인별 상이점을 도출하였다. 3. 결과 : 상안부 모아레 영상을 분석하여 체질에 따른 특정은 따로 도표로 제시한다. 4. 결론 : 소양인은 태음인에 비하여 좌측상안의 일부가 전방으로 돌출되었다. 모아레 영상을 이용하여 체질에 따른 상안부의 형태학적인 특징을 도출하였다. 1. Objective : This research is a study about constitutional diagnosis through the external appearances, especialy it is for finding shape differences of the upper-face pictures of moire, according to the Sasang constitution 2. Method : We have collected 98 cases of femail patients of the Sasang Constitutional Department, including employees of the Kyung-Hee Medical Center and took pictures of moire of upper face and measured 50 points. We analyzed shape differences of the upper face according to the Sasang constitution. 3. Results : Analysing the moire of upper face, the characteristics according to sasang constitution presented. 4. Conclusion : Soyangin had a projected part of left upper face compared with taeumin. With the image of moire, the characteristics of upper face according to sasang constitution was found.

동무년표제작을 위한 동무유고의 고찰

홍석철,고병희,송일병,Hong, Suck-Chull,Ko, Byung-Hee,Song, Il-Byung 한국한의학연구원 1996 한국 한의학연구소 논문집 Vol.2 No.1

In order to improve comprehension of Dong-Mu's thought, the 'The manuscripts left by Dong-Mu' was studied. The contents of 'The manuscripts left by Dong-Mu' and the writing date of 31 articles were presumed. The chronological table of Lee Jae-Ma was made out with the affairs of everyday experience. The writing date of Lee Jae-Ma's articles and 4 articles which were written by others were presumed and the everyday experiences were excavated. The chronological table of Lee Jae-Ma was made out with upper results.

사상체질별 상안부의 형태학적인 특징에 관한 연구 -모아레의 횡단면의 특성을 중심으로-

홍석철,이수경,송일병,Hong, Suck-chull,Lee, Su-kyung,Song, Il-byung 사상체질의학회 1998 사상체질의학회지 Vol.10 No.1

1. 연구목적 : 외형적 특징을 통한 사상체질진단을 연구하기 위한 목적이다. 특별히 상안부에서 모아레 영상을 이용한 형태학적 차이를 찾고자 하였다. 2. 방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1997년 2월까지 경희의료원 부속한방병원 왜래환자 및 직원을 대상으로 설문지 및 임상적치료 경과를 통하여 체질적 경향성이 뚜렷한 대상자를 선별하였다. 이들을 동일촬영 조건을 통하여 얻은 얼굴 사진중 형태특이자를 제외한 113례의 모아레 사진을 분석하여 50항목을 측정하고 70항목의 공식을 제작하여 체질별 상이점을 도출하였다. 3. 결과 : 상안부 모아레 영상을 분석하여 체질에 따른 특징은 따로 도표로 제시한다. 4. 결론 : 소양인은 태음인 혹은 소음인에 비하여 좌측상안의 일부가 전방으로 돌출되었고, 태음인은 좌우측 상안의 비교에서 우측상안의 일부부위에서 소음인 혹은 소양인에 비하여 전방으로 돌출되었다. 모아레 영상을 이용하여 체질에 따른 상안부의 형태학적인 특징을 도출하였다. 1. Purpose : This research is a study about constitutional diagnosis through the external appearances. especialy it is for finding shape differences of the upper-face pictures of moire, according to the Sasang constitution. 2. Method : We have collected 113 cases of patients of the Sasang Constitutional Department, including employees of the Kyung-Hee Medical Center and took pictures of moire of upper face and measured 50 points. We analyzed shape differences of the upper face according to the Sasang constitution. 3. Results : Analysing the moire of upper face, tile characteristics according to sasang constitution presented. 4. Conclusion : Soyangin had a projected part of left upper face compared with taeumin and soeumin, and taeumin had a projected part of right upper face. With the image of moire, the characteristics of upper face according to sasang constitution was found.

사상인(四象人) 이목비구(耳目鼻口)의 형태학적(形態學的) 특징(特徵) 연구(硏究)

홍석철,고병희,송일병,Hong, Suck-chull,Koh, Byung-hee,Song, Il-byung 사상체질의학회 1998 사상체질의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Objective This research is a study about constitutional diagnosis through the external appearances as a basic principle, and it is for finding shape differences of the ear, eye, nose, mouth according to the Sasang constitution Method We have collected 209 cases of patients of the Sasang Constitutional Department, including employees of the Kyung-Hee Medical Center and took pictures of the frontal view, lateral view, oblique view of face and measured heights, deapth, breadths of ear, eye, nose, mouth with 'The Measurement of R. Martin'. We analyzed shape differences of the face according to the Sasang constitution with certain results Results We got the morphologic characteristics of ear, eye, nose and mouth according to the Sasang constitution as Table 3. -Table 10. Conclusion : 1. The morphologic characteristics of Ear according to the Sasang constitution (1) Morphologic ear length, Physiognomic ear length, Ear lobule length is longer in Taeumin than Soeumin. (2) Physiognomic ear breadth is wider in Taeumin than Soeumin. (3) Physiognomic ear length, lobule length ratio is higher in Taeumin than Soyangin. 2. The morphologic characteristics of Eye according to the Sasang constitution. (1) Inner Palpebral fissure width, 5th Palpebral fissure length, Bizygomatic breadth-Outercanthal distance is the longest in Taeumin (2) Palpebral fissure inclination is widest in Soeumin. (3) Palpebral fissure length is longer in Taeumin than Soeumin. (4) Pupillary diameter ratio is the lowest in Taeumin (5) Palpebral fissure length, width ratio is higher in Soeumin than Taeumin. (6)zygomatic breadth, Bizygomatic breadth-Outercanthal distance ratio is the higher in Taeumin than Soeumin. 3. The morphologic characteristics of Nose according to the Sasang constitution. (1) Nasion depth is deepest in Soyangin. (2) Nasion to pupillary depth is deeper Soyangin than Taeumin. (3) Nasal tip depth, Nostril to Nasalalar depth is deeper Soyangin than Taeumin. (4) Subnasale to Nasalalar depth is the shallowest in Taeumin (5) Nasalalar height is lowest in Soeumin. (6) Nasalalar to Nostril distance is deeper Taeumin than Soeumin. (7) Nasal tip depth, Nasal depth ratio is the highest in Taeumin (8) Nasal depth Nasalalar heightratio is lowest in Soeumin. (9) Midfaceheight, Nasal tip depth ratio is higher Soyangin than Taeumin. 4. The morphologic characteristics of mouth according to the Sasang constitution. (1) Lower mid lip height, Lower philtrum height, Lower quarter lip height, Total middle lip height, Total philtrum height, Total quarter lip height is the shottest in Soyangin. (2) Upper mid lip height, Upper philtrum height is longer in Taeumin than Soyangin (3) Lip inclination is higher in Soeumin than Soyangin. (4) Intercheilion breadth, total height ratio is lowest in Soyangin. (5) Total lip height, Upper philtrum height ratio is higher in Soyangin than Soeumin. (6) Lower lip height Lower quarter lip height ratio is higher in Soyangin than Taeumin. (8) Total lip area is wider in Taeumin than Soyangin.

태음인(太陰人) 청심연자탕(淸心連子湯)의 항(抗)스트레스 효과(效果)에 관(關)한 실험적(實驗的) 연구(硏究)

홍석철,고병희,송일병,Hong, Suck-Chull,Ko, Byung Hee,Song, Il Byung 사상체질의학회 1995 사상체질의학회지 Vol.7 No.2

In order to, study the anti-stress effect of $Tae{\breve{u}}min$ $Ch{\breve{o}}ngsimy{\breve{o}}njat^{\prime}ang$, several measures of stress, including catecholmine changes, body weight changes, and gastric ulcers were used.the following result were observed: 1. Plasma epinephrine contents of stress by food in rats, in the controlled group were $219.3{\pm}18.4pg/ml$, but in the experimental group the value was decreased to $169.0{\pm}16.6pg/ml$. 2. Plasma norepinephrine content of stress by food in rats in the controlled group was $303.0{\pm}18.9pg/ml$ but in the experimental group the value was decreased to $243.6{\pm}17.6pg/ml$. 3. Plasma dopamine contents of stress by food in rats in the controlled group was $16.9{\pm}1.9pg/ml$ but in the experimental group the value was derceased to $12.8{\pm}1.5pg/ml$, but it was nonsignificant. 4. Effects of body weight of stress by food in the Shay rats in controlled group was $175.9{\pm}3.0g$, but in the experimental grou the value was increased to $187.7{\pm}4.8g$. 5. Gastric ulcers of stress by food in Shay Rats, in the experimental group, the glade was decreased more than in the control group. 6. It is considered that the anti-stress effect of Taeumin Chongsimyonjat' depends on its concentration rate. Based on the results above, it may be concluded that Taeumin chongsimyonjat' aug is effective to prevent the harmful effects of stress.

원저 : 태음인 청심연자탕의 항스트레스 효과에 관한 실험적 연구 ( Original Article : An Experimental Study on the Anti - Stress Effect by Taeumin Chongsimyonjatang )

홍석철(Suck Chull Hong),고병희(Byung Hee Ko),송일병(Il Byung Song) 경희대학교 경희의료원 1995 慶熙醫學 Vol.11 No.2

사상의학의 객관화를 위한 유전적 분석 연구

조동욱,이창수,고병희,홍석철,이의주,권건혁,조황성,Cho, Dong-Wuk,Lee, Chang-Soo,Ko, Byung-Hee,Hong, Suck-Chull,Lee, Eui-Ju,Kwon, Gwen-Hyuck,Cho, Hwang-Sung 한국한의학연구원 1996 한국 한의학연구소 논문집 Vol.2 No.1

The main idea of Sasang medicine is that everyone has his own unique constitution. There are four kinds of constitutions and these are Taeyang, Soyang, Teaum and Soum. Although Sasang medicine is a unique and originative medical theory with creative ideas of Korean traditional medicine, the classification of individual constitution mainly depends on the methods which may not be objectively proven and scientifically understood. This study was carried out tn establish scientific understanding of Sasang medicine by investigating the possible genetic difference among four constitutions. Sasang constitution classification was performed by Sasang medicine research group in Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine and Kyung Hee University, Genomic DNA was prepared from the blood of individuals of different constitutions and RAPD(Random amplified polymorphic DNAs) analysis was then carried out to investigate the possible difference among different constitutions on DNA level. For RAPD analysis, ten different random primers were applied to Teaum, Soyang and Soum group DNA samples and the presence of DNA markers specific for each constitution was investigated.

사상체질별(四象體質別) 두면부(頭面部)의 형태학적(形態學的) 특징(特徵)

고병희,송일병,조용진,최창석,김종원,홍석철,이의주,이상용,서정숙,Ko, Byung-Hee,Song, Il-Byung,Cho, Yong-Jin,Choi, Chang-Seok,Kim, Jong-Weon,Hong, Suck-CHull,Lee, Eui-Ju,Lee, Sang-Yong,Seo, Jeong-Sug 사상체질의학회 1996 사상체질의학회지 Vol.8 No.1

1. 연구배경 : 사상의학의 가장 중요한 요점은 체질진단이다. 그간 다양한 체질변증에 관한 연구가 있었지만 신체 각부의 형태학적인 연구, 특히 얼굴을 대상으로 한 연구는 거의 전무하였다. 저자들은 그 동안 전일적이고 직관적으로 표현된 동의수세보원의 형태적 묘사를 정량화하여 정리하고, 이 자료를 체질진단의 근거자료로 삼고자 하는 연구의 일환으로 먼저 두안부(頭顔部)의 형태를 태음인 소음인 소양인 별로 그 형상적 특징을 찾아내고자 하였다. 2. 방법 : 1995년 7월부터 1995년 12월까지 경희의료원 부속한방병원 외래환자 및 직원을 대상으로 설문지 및 임상적 치료 경과를 통하여 체질적 경향성이 뚜렷한 대상자를 선별하고 동일촬영 조건을 통하여 얻은 얼굴 사진 중 형태특이자를 제외한 170례의 고경(전두고외 26항목) 방사경(두최대장외 22항목) 및 폭경(안최대폭외 18항목)등 총 69항목을 측정한 후 이를 분석하여 체질별 상이점을 도출하였다. 3. 결과 : 체질별 두면부의 형태학적인 특징을 수치화하여 설명할 수 있게 되었고, 나아가 직관적이고 전일적인 형태를 구체화시킬 수 있는 특징을 도출할 수 있었다. 4. 결론 : 이상의 결과를 이용하여 체질별 각 부분의 형태를 계량화하여 비교 설명하고, 이를 이용하여 체질판별공식을 만들었다. The clinical application of constitutional Diagnosis is the most important part of Sasang constitutional medicine. It has been studied in various way. However, the study of morphologic characteristics on the face is applied for the first time. For quantitative analysis of the correlation between the sasang constitution and the shape of the face, the head-facial part of 170 cases were measured by Martin's measurement and analysis of a) the measurement value of height and the component ratio from the Gnathion to each part of face by constitution. b) the measurement value of depth and the component ratio from T-projected to each part of the face by constitution. c) the measurement value of breadth and component ratio between each parts of the facial breadth by constitution. d) the ratio of square on every part of face by constitution. e) the characteristics on each part of the face by constitution. f) the contour line of the forehead. g) the result of discriminant analysis about the constitution. Authors obtained the results from the study as follows; 1. The characteristics of Taeum-IN (1) The measurement value of Height, Breadth, T-Projected had a tendency to maximum value in general. (2) The value of lower opthal height and the square of lower opthal part was maximum. (3) The value of Pronasal T-projected length and Subnasal T-projected length was minimum, so Taeum-In has characteristics of depression in middle face, nasal part. (4) In the ratio of Breadth, T-Projected, T-Projected was minimum. (5) It was maximum that the square of nose, Alare, Middle face, Lower face and it was minimum that the square of eye. The square of nose, Alare, Middle facc, Lower face was maximum and the square of eye was minimum. (6) The curvature of the eyebrow was minimum. (7) The projection of jaw (Pogonion T-projection length) was maximum. (8) The breadth of eye was minimum. (9) There was a tendency that the projection of the forehead to the right in general. 2. The characteristics of Soeum-In (1) In all cases of projected length the measurement value was minimum. (2) The value of lower opthal height and the square of lower opthal part was minimum. (3) By the Pupulare T-projected length, the value of Pronasal T-projected length and Subnasal T-projected length was minimum, so the Soeum In's face shape is flat. (4) The square of eye, mouth, forehead was maximum and the square of nose, Alare, Middle face, Lower face was minimum. (5) The curvature of the eyebrow was maximum. (6) The projection of mouth was minimum. (7) The jaw was flat. (8) The breadth of eye was maximum. (9) There was a tendency that the projection of the forehead to the left in general. 3. The characteristics of Soyang-In. (1) In most cases of 고경 length the measurement value was minimum. (2) By the Pupulare T-projected length, each ratio of projected length was maximum, so the Soyang-In's face shape has many protrusions (3) In the ratio of Breadth, T-Projected, T-Projected was maximum. (4) The square of mouth was minimum. (5) The inclination of the forehead was minimum. (6) The projection of mouth was maximum. (7) The breadth of eye was minimum. (8) There was a tendency that the projection of the forehead to the left in general. (9) The middle face was protruded. 4. Discriminant about the constitution. According to the result of discriminant, the accuracy probability of discriminant was 85.58% in total and Taeum-In was 90.5%, Soeum-In was 70.8%, Soyang-In was 89.5%. The accuracy probability of discriminant about 3 constitutional group increased by 49.03% than the accident probility 36.55% 5. Suggestion (1) The study which gather and analysis the data should be continued. (2) The study which subdivide the characteristics of each part of the face by the constitution should be continued. (3) The analysis method about Moire should be supplement. (4) The study about the morphologic characteristics of the whole body should be continued. (5) Computer program of constitution diagnosis s

경동맥결찰후 후두하부에 발생한 측부순환 : Bosniak's Plexus

홍석철,박영모,차희중,이규호,김달수 대한신경외과학회 1980 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.9 No.1

The importance of the suboccipital plexus (Bosniak's Plexus) described by Bosniak in 1963, is emphasized. This rich anastomotic network is formed by the deep and ascending cervical arteries and nuchal branches of the vertebral artery. We experienced this Bosniak's plexus after common carotid artery aneurysm.