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Neuroprotective effect of lithium after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in mice
홍남규,최윤식,김성윤,김희정 대한약리학회 2017 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.21 No.1
Status epilepticus is the most common serious neurological condition triggered by abnormal electrical activity, leading to severe and widespread cell loss in the brain. Lithium has been one of the main drugs used for the treatment of bipolar disorder for decades, and its anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties have been described in several neurological disease models. However, the therapeutic mechanisms underlying lithium’s actions remain poorly understood. The muscarinic receptor agonist pilocarpine is used to induce status epilepticus, which is followed by hippocampal damage. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of lithium post-treatment on seizure susceptibility and hippocampal neuropathological changes following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Status epilepticus was induced by administration of pilocarpine hydrochloride (320 mg/kg, i.p.) in C57BL/6 mice at 8 weeks of age. Lithium (80 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 15 minutes after the pilocarpine injection. After the lithium injection, status epilepticus onset time and mortality were recorded. Lithium significantly delayed the onset time of status epilepticus and reduced mortality compared to the vehicle-treated group. Moreover, lithium effectively blocked pilocarpine-induced neuronal death in the hippocampus as estimated by cresyl violet and Fluoro-Jade B staining. However, lithium did not reduce glial activation following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. These results suggest that lithium has a neuroprotective effect and would be useful in the treatment of neurological disorders, in particular status epilepticus.
Synapto-protective effect of lithium on HIV-1 Tat-induced synapse loss in rat hippocampal cultures
홍남규,박정수,김희정 한국통합생물학회 2022 Animal cells and systems Vol.26 No.1
Human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) infection of the CNS produces synapse loss which correlates with cognitive decline in patients with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Lithium is mood stabilizer of unknown mechanism used to treat bipolar disorder and is known to exhibit neuroprotective properties. Here, we studied the effects of lithium on HIV-1 Tat-induced synapses between rat hippocampal neurons. The number of synapses was quantified to detect clusters of the scaffold protein postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) which is clustered at glutamatergic synapses on cultured rat hippocampal neurons in vitro. Lithium protected synapses from HIV-1 Tat-induced synapse loss and subsequent neuronal death. This synaptic protection was prevented by both the activation of NMDA receptor leading to intracellular signaling and the regulatory pathway of lithium including inositol depletion and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). These results suggest that mood stabilizers might be effective drugs to treat neurodegenerative disorders including HAND.
홍남규(Nam-Kyu Hong),박진우(Jin-Woo Park),노철호(Chul-Ho Noh),권기현(Gi-Hyeon Gwon),김철환(Chul-Hwan Kim) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2018 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.32 No.5
These days, DC distribution system is attracting attention as a promising technology to improve the efficiency of lighting system. In the case of DC-based lighting system, it is configured with the power conversion devices for DC supply, the energy meters for efficient energy operation, lighting loads, two cables. Since the power conversion device and the energy meter are composed of the power semiconductor which is vulnerable to the overcurrent. To protect such power semiconductor from overcurrent, these devices include the protective functions. However, the absence of protection coordination between the protective functions causes damage to power semiconductor and disrupts the continuity of power supply. Therefore, this paper analyzes the protective functions and fault characteristics of the DC lighting system, presents the problems caused by the absence of protective coordination, and proposes a countermeasure for coordination in the DC lighting system.