HPV 16 양성 자궁경부암 세포주에서 cDNA Microarray에 의한 유전자 발현

허걸 ( Kuol Hur ),임정화 ( Zhen Hua Lin ),장향란 ( Xiang Lan Zhang ),박찬우 ( Chan Woo Park ),김혜옥 ( Hye Ok Kim ),조준형 ( Jun Hyung Cho ),강인수 ( In Soo Kang ),김영식 ( Young Sik Kim ),김인선 ( In Sun Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2003 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.46 No.4

목적 : 본 연구는 HPV 16 양성인 편평상피세포암과 선암 세포주에서 암화과정과 관련된 여러 유전자들의 전반적인 발현을 보아 암화과정의 차이를 보고자 하였다. 연구 방법 : 세포주기 억제자인 p16에 대한 항체를 이용하여 면역효소염색을 시행한 결과 세포핵과 세포질 모두에 양성을 보였던 HPV16 양성 편평상피암종 세포주 SiHa, 세포핵에만 양성인 HPV16 양성 편평상피암종 세포주 CaSki, 그리고 세포핵에만 강한 반응을 보인 HPV16 양성 선암 Objective : To estimate the difference in gene expression related to carcinogenesis between HPV 16 positive squamous cell carcinoma and HPV 16 positive adenocarcinoma of cervix. Methods : We used cDNA microarray technology to identify alterations in gene

보조생식술에서 유전자재조합 난포자극호르몬제재 사용시 난자 및 배아의 질에 대한 고찰

허걸 ( Kuol Hur ),천강우 ( Kang Woo Cheon ),변혜경 ( Hye Kyung Byun ),양광문 ( Kwang Moon Yang ),김진영 ( Jin Young Kim ),송인옥 ( In Ok Song ),유근재 ( Keun Jai Yoo ),강인수 ( Inn Soo Kang ),궁미경 ( Mi Kyoung Koong ) 대한산부인과학회 2002 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.45 No.12

목적 : 과배란유도에서 유전자 재조합 난포자극호르몬 (rFSH)제재 사용시 채취난자 및 배아의 질을 난포자극호르몬 (uFSH)제재와 비교하고자 하였다. 연구 방법 : 2001년 1월 1일부터 2001년 8월 31일까지 삼성제일병원 불임크리닉 내원환자 중, rFSH투여군 131주기와 uFSH투여군 123주기, 총 241명의 불임환자를 대상으로 하였다. 모든 과배란유도주기에서 뇌하수체 억제를 위해 성선자극호르몬유리호르몬을 단기투여법으로 피하주사 하였다. 성 Objective : To estimate the efficacy of recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH) versus highly purified urinary human FSH (uFSH) in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF

과배란유도주기와 크로미펜주기의 보조생식술에서 기저난포자극호르몬 상승에 따른 난소반응과 임신율에 대한 고찰

허걸(Kuol Hur),양광문(Kwang Moon Yang),김진영(Jin Young Kim),송인옥(In Ok Song),송지홍(Ji Hong Song),유근재(Keun Jai Yoo),전종영(Jong Young Jun),궁미경(Mi Kyoung Koong),강인수(Inn Soo Kang) 대한산부인과학회 2002 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.45 No.8

목적 : 기저 FSH의 상승이 난소의 저반응과 임신율에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해, 과배란유도주기와 크로미펜주기를 대상으로 기저 FSH의 상승정도애 따른 난소반응과 보조생식술의 결과를 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1999년 1뭘 1일부터 12월 31일까지 삼성제일병원 불임클리닉에서 보조생식술을 위한 과배란유도 1067주기와 크로미펜을 사용한 119주기, 총 1033명의 l186주기를 대상으로 하였다. 연구대상주기에서, GnRH효능제 투여 전, 월경주기 제 2일 혹은 월경주기 제 3일에 채취한 정맥혈로 면역방사계측법을 이용하여 기저 FSH를 측정하였다. 과배란유도는 GnRH효능제 단기투여법을 사용하여, 월경주기 제 3일부터 FSH와 HMG 를 복합사용하였다. 크로미펜주기는 월경주기 제 3일부터 7일까지 clomiphene citrate를 5일간 100 ㎎씩 경구투여 하였다. 기저 FSH의 상승정도에 따라 연구대상 과배란유도주기와 크로미펜주기를 10 mIU/㎖ 미만 주기를 정상군: A군 (n=796)과 I군 (n=35), 10 mIU/㎖ 이상에서 15 mIU/㎖ 미만인 주기를 경한 상승군: B군 (n=192)과 Ⅱ군 (n=39), 15 mIU/㎖ 이상에서 20 mIU/㎖ 미만인 주기를 중등도 상승군: C군 (n=44)와 Ⅲ군 (n=11), 20 mIU/㎖ 이상인 주기를 중한 상숭군: D군 (n=35)과 Ⅳ군 (n=34)으로 각각 분류하여, hCG주입일의 E_2농도, 채취된 난자의 수, 주기취소율 등으로 난소반응을 구하였고, 이들의 임상적 임신율과 생존아 출생률을 비교하였다. 통계학저인 분석은 일원배치분산분석, 다중비교, Fisher`s exact test, 카이제곱 및 상관분석과 회귀분석을 이용하였다. p값이 0.05 미만인 경우 유의한 것으로 판정하였다. 결과 : 과배란유도에서 난소의 반응은 기저난포자극호르몬이 증가한 군일수록 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다 (P<0.001). 시작주기당 임상적 임신율은 A군 (24.6%), B군 (23.4%), C군 (13.6%), D군 (5.7%)으로 D군 (5.7%)에서 유의하게 감소하였고 (P=0.01), 시작주기당 생존아출생율도 A군 (10.6%), B군 (18.2%), C군 (13.6%) D군 (2.9%,)으로, D군에서 유의하게 감소하였다 (P=0.014). 그러나 35세 이하 668주기만을 대상으로 분석한 경우, 기저 FSH의 경한 상승군인 B군에서 시작주기당 임상적 임신율과 생존아 출생률의 저하는 없었다. 크로미펜 주기에서는 Ⅳ군에서 난소반응이 의미있게 저하되었고, 시작주기당 임상전 임신율과 생존아 출생률은 네군 (Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ)간의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론 : 과배란유도시 기저 FSH의 경한 상승군은 난소반응이 유의하게 감소하고 소요된 성선자극호르몬의 양이 의미있게 증가하였으나, 임신율의 저하는 없었다. 기저 FSH가 중둥도 이상으로 상승한 경우 임신율의 저하는 채취난자의 양적감소와 질 저하에 의한 것이며, 기저 FSM가 중한 상숭군은 과배란유도와 크로미펜주기의 임신율의 차이가 없었으나, CC주기가 경제적이고 순응도가 높을 것으로 생각된다. Objective : To evaluate whether elevation of basal FSH predict poor ovarian response and lowered pregnancy rate in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and Clomiphene Citrate stimulated cycle (CC cycle) for assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Meterials and Methods : From January 1999 to December 1999, total 1067 COH cycles and 119 CC cycles from 1033 patients were included in this study. At each cycle, on cycle day 2 or 3, basal FSH was measured before GnRH agonist starting. FSH value (mIU/㎖) was 2 nd IRP 78/549 standard. We divided COH and CC cycles into 4 groups according to elevated basal FSH concentration, respectively. i ) Normal (Basal FSH<10 mIU/㎖): Group A (n=796), Group I (n=35), ⅱ) Mildly elevated (10 mIU/㎖<basal FSH<15 mIU/㎖): Group B (n=192), Group Ⅱ (n=39), ⅲ) Moderately elevated (15 mlU/㎖<basal FSH<20 mIU/㎖): Group C (n=44), Group Ⅲ (n=11), ⅳ) Markedly elevated (basal FSH≥20 mIU/㎖): Group D (n=35), Group Ⅳ (n=34). Retrospectively, we obtained mean total ampules of gonadotropin, mean serum E_2 concenturation on hCG day, mean number of retrieved oocyte, mean number of embryo transferred, mean number of good embryo, cancellation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate. Results : Ovarian response by elevation of basal FSH decreased more significantly in COH cycles than CC cycles. In COH cycles, ovarian response of Group B, C and D decreased significantly (P<0.001). In CC cycles, ovarian response of Group Ⅳ decreased significantly (P<0.01). Including cycles only under 35 years old, COH cycles with mildly elevated basal FSH had poor ovarian response (P<0.01), but the clinical pregnancy rate (28.3%) and live birth rate (24.2%) did not decrease, compared with normal FSH Group (27.5%, 23.1% respectively). In cycles with markedly elevated basal FSH, clinical pregnancy rate (5.9%) and live birth rate (2.9%) of CC cycles were equal to that of COH cycles (5.7%, 2.9%, respectively). Conclusion : Mildly elevated basal FSH does not predict poor outcome in ART. Poor prognosis conferred by mildly elevated basal FSH may be overcome by maximizing stimulation protocol. Therefore other stimulation protocol for poor ovarian response may be effective in mildly elevated basal FSH cycles. In cycles with moderately to severe elevated basal FSH, lowered pregnancy rate was mainly due to quantitative and qualitative decrease in ovarian response. In cycles with markedly elevated basal FSH, CC stimulated cycle was more cost effective with good compliance.

습관성 유산환자의 향후임신에서 분석한 산과적 결과

허걸(Kuol Hur),양광문(Kwang Moon Yang),한정열(Jung Yeol Han),한국선(Kuk Sun Han),이홍복(Hong Bok Lee),김진영(Jin Young Kim),송인옥(In Ok Song),송지홍(Ji Hong Song),전종영(Jong Young Jun),궁미경(Mi Kyoung Koong),유근재(Keun Jai Yoo) 대한산부인과학회 2002 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.45 No.3

N/A Objective: To obtain etiology and obstetric outcome of women who had a history of recurrent miscarriage. Met hods: From 1 June 1998 to 30 June 2000,82 patients who attended infertility & recurrent miscarriage clinic at Samsungcheil hospital and progressed beyond 24 weeks gestation following pregnancy were included in this study. The control population was 154 pregnancies considering age and parity over the same period. Retrospectively, we analyse the etiology of recurrent miscarriage and compare obstetric outcomes of two groups. Results: The etiology of recurrent miscarriage was immunologic factor (36.6%),unexplained (30.4%), anatomic cause (13.4%), endocrinologic abnormality (13.4%)and chromosomal abnormality (5.6%).The rate of preterm delivery (11%)and incidence of pregnancy induced hypertention (8.5%)were significantly higher than those of control group (3.2%and 2.5%respectively). There was no significant difference in the rate of small for gestational age, oligohydroamnios, cesarean section, perinatal loss and the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The pregnancy with a history of recurrent miscarriage is associated with increased risk of pregnancy induced hypertension and preterm delivery and represent a population at high risk of obstetric problems. Therefore, close surveillance during antenatal period is required.

동결보존 배아이식에서 분비기 자궁내막 유도시 프로게스테론 투여 방법에 따른 착상율과 임신율의 비교

박찬우,허걸,김문영,송현정,김혜옥,양광문,김진영,송인옥,유근재,천강우,변혜경,궁미경,강인수,Park, Chan-Woo,Hur, Kuol,Kim, Moon-Young,Song, Hyun-Jung,Kim, Hye-Ok,Yang, Kwang-Moon,Kim, Jin-Yeong,Song, In-Ok,Yoo, Keun-Jae,Cheon, Kang-Woo,Byun, 대한생식의학회 2003 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.30 No.3

Objective: To evaluate the difference of implantation rate (IR) and clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) between two protocols of endometrial preperation in women undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Methods: This study was performed during the different time periods: A retrospective study from January 2000 to June 2001 (phase I) and a prospective study from July 2001 to March 2002 (phase II). All the patients received estradiol valerate (6 mg p.o. daily) starting from day 1 or 2 of the menstrual cycle without pituitary down regulation. Progesterone was administered around day 14 after sonographic confirmation of endometrial thickness $\geq$7 mm and no growing follicle. In Group A (n=88, 99 cycles) of phase I, progesterone was administered i.m. at a dose of 50 mg daily from one day prior to thawing of pronuclear (PN) stage frozen embryo or three days prior to thawing of 6-8 cell stage frozen embryo and then each stage embryos were trasnsferred 2 days or 1 day later after thawing. In Group B (n=246, 299 cycles) of phase I, patients recieved progesterone 100 mg i.m. from one day earlier than group A; two days prior to PN embryo thawing, four days prior to of 6-8 cell embryo thawing. During the phase II, to exclude any differences in embryo transfer procedures, in Group 1 (n=23, 28 cycles) of phase II embryo was transfered by one who have used the progesterone protocol since the phase I. In Group 2 (n=122, 139 cycles) of phase II embryo was transfered by one who use the progesterone protocol from the phase II. Results: When compared across the phase and group, there were no significant differences in the characteristics. During the phase I, there were significant increase in IR (14.4% vs 5.9%, p=0.001) and CPR (28.3% vs 14.5%, p=0.000) in group A. During the phases II, IR (11.8% vs 10.6%) and CPR (27.6% vs 27.3%) show no differences between two groups. Conclusions: In FET cycles, IR and CPR are increased significantly by the change of dosage and timing of progesterone administraton. And the timing is considered to be more important factor because the dosage of progesterone did not affect implantation window in previous studies. Therefore, we suggest that progesterone administration in FET cycle should begin from one day prior to PN stage embryo thawing and three days prior to 6-8 cell stage embryo thawing.

난관 불임환자에서 난관 개통술시 진단복강경의 효용성

박찬우,김혜옥,허걸,양광문,김진영,송인옥,유근재,전종영,이경상,강인수,궁미경,Park, Chan-Woo,Kim, Hye-Ok,Hur, Kuol,Yang, Kwang-Moon,Kim, Jin-Young,Song, In-Ok,Yoo, Keun-Jae,Jun, Jong-Young,Lee, Kyung-Sang,Kang, Inn-Soo,Koong, Mi-Kyoung 대한생식의학회 2003 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.30 No.2

Objective: To evaluate whether diagnostic laparoscopy before transcervical fallopian tube catheterization (TFTC) would improve tubal recanalization rate and pregnancy rate in patients with bilateral proximal tubal blockage in hysterosalpingogram (HSG). Methods: The retrospective study was performed in those underwent TFTC from January 1998 to December 2001. A total of 50 patients with bilateral proximal tubal blockage in HSG were subjected to TFTC sequentially using repeated HSG (rHSG), selective salpingography (SS) followed by tubal catheterization (TFTC). Each procedure was terminated once patency had been achieved without proceding to the next technique. In Group A patients (n=35, 64 tubes), diagnostic laparoscopy was performed before TFTC was taken to exclude the tube combined with peritubal adhesion or distal tubal pathology. In Group B, patients (n=15, 26 tubes) were performed TFTC without diagnostic laparoscopy. Results: There were significant difference in clinical pregnancy rate (45.7% vs 15.4%, p=0.034) but no differences were found in recanalization rate (75.0% vs 73.1%) and complication rate (8.6% vs 13.3%). Although there is no signficant difference, more tubes were canalized by SS, which means tubal obstruction rather than occlusion, in Group A (25.0% vs 5.3%, p=0.069). Conclusion: Diagnostic laparoscopy would be effective in the selection of tube for the relatively inexpensive and less invasive TFTC or patients in need of assisted reproductive technologies. With the tubes without combined peritubal adhesion or distal tubal pathology, pregnancy rate was significantly increased.

클로미펜에 부적절한 반응을 보이는 다낭성 난소 증후군 환자에서 Aromatase Inhibitor의 유용성

김혜옥,양광문,허걸,박찬우,차선화,김해숙,김진영,송인옥,궁미경,Kim, Hye Ok,Yang, Kwang Moon,Hur, Kuol,Park, Chan Woo,Cha, Sun Hwa,Kim, Hae Suk,Kim, Jin Yeong,Song, In Ok,Koong, Mi Kyung 대한생식의학회 2005 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.32 No.1

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of aromatase inhibitor (AI) for ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients with thin endometrium, hyper-responsiveness after clomiphene citrate (CC) treatment. Material and Methods: A prospective study was performed in 43 PCOS patients (50 cycles) with ovulatory dysfunction between March 2004 and September 2004. AI group (total 36 cycles) included the patients 1) with thin endometrium below 6 mm on hCG day after CC (n=17), 2) with more than 5 ovulatory follicles after 50mg of CC (n=4), 3) who do not want multiple pregnancy (n=14). Patients were treated with Letrozole 2.5mg for days 3 to 7 of the menstrual cycle. CC group (total 14 cycles) were treated with CC 50~100 mg. Results: In PCOS patients, ovulation was occurred 97.2% after AI use. Between AI group and CC group, there was no significant difference in the mean age, duration of infertility, interval of menstruation, basal FSH, prior treatment cycles, and the day of hCG administration. But, the number of mature follicles (${\geq}15mm$) was lower in the AI group ($1.08{\pm}0.45$ vs. $1.64{\pm}0.75$) (p=0.018), and the thickness of endometrium (mm) was significantly thicker in the AI group ($10.35{\pm}1.74$ vs. $9.23{\pm}1.61$) (p=0.044), and E2 (pg/ml) concentration on hCG day was lower in the AI group ($116.9{\pm}75.8$ vs. $479.5{\pm}300.8$) (p=0.001). Among the AI group, patients with prior thin endometrium (below 6 mm) during CC treatment showed $10.6{\pm}1.6mm$ in the endometrial thickness and $106.6{\pm}66.8pg/ml$ in $E_2$ concentration. Patients with more than 5 ovulatory follicles after CC showed decreased follicle number ($1.25{\pm}0.5$) compared to prior CC cycle. Conclusions: In PCOS patients, AI group showed significantly thicker endometrium, lesser number of mature follicles, and lower E2 concentration on hCG day than CC group. AI might be useful alternative treatment for ovulation induction in PCOS patients with thin endometrium and hyper-responsiveness after CC treatment.

임신과 관련된 감염성 심내막염의 증례

차승희 ( Seung Hee Cha ),허걸 ( Kuol Hur ),조연경 ( Yeon Kyung Cho ),유승연 ( Seung Youn You ),류소라 ( So Ra Ryu ),박수현 ( Su Hyun Park ),최현아 ( Hyoun Ah Choi ),박정배 ( Jeong Bae Park ),궁미경 ( Mi Kyung Koong ),강인수 ( Inn 대한산부인과학회 2004 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.47 No.9

The heart disease during gestation complicates approximately 0.5-1.5% of pregnancies. The common cause of heart disease during gestation is acquired rheumatic valvular lesions and congenital heart defects. In contrast, infective endocarditis during pregna

보조생식술시 원인불명 불임환자의 산과적 결과에 대한 고찰

조연경 ( Yeon Kyung Cho ),허걸 ( Kuol Hur ),김선희 ( Sun Hee Kim ),차승희 ( Seung Hee Cha ),조준형 ( Jun Hyung Cho ),김진영 ( Jin Yeong Kim ),양광문 ( Kwang Moon Yang ),전종영 ( Jong Young Jun ),궁미경 ( Mi Kyoung Koong ),강인수 대한산부인과학회 2004 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.47 No.6

목적 : 본 연구는 원인불명 불임환자가 보조생식술 시행 후 임신된 경우 자연임신과 산과적 예후 및 주산기 예후를 비교, 분석하고자 하였다. 연구 방법 : 199년 1월부터 2002년 2월까지 성균관의대 삼성제일병원에 내원하여 최종적으로 진단복강경으로 원인불명불임으로 진단받고 보조생식술 시행 후 임신된 단태임신 79예와 연령과 산과력을 고려한 동일 기간의 172예의 자연임신군간에 산과적, 주산기 합병증을 후향적으로 비교, 분석하였다. 통계처리는 Chi-square test 및 t-test를 시행하였고 p<0.05인 경우를 유의한 차이가 있다고 판정하였다. 결과 : 보조생식술을 시행받은 원인불명 불임환자군이 자연임신군에 비해 분만시 제태연령 (38.2±0.5주 vs. 39.4±0.1주, p>0.001)이 유의하게 낮고, 임신성 당뇨병 (7.6% vs. 1.2%, p<0.01)이 유의하게 증가하였다. 자간전증, 임신주수대비 저체중아, 양수과소증, 주산기 사망률, 제왕절개술의 빈도, 조기진통, 신생아의 1분, 5분 아프가 점수 등은 두 군간 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 자연임신인 경우와 비교하여 보조생식술에 의한 원인불명 불임환자의 임신은 분만시 제태연령이 낮았지만 조산은 증가하지 않았으며, 임신성 당뇨병 이외의 주산기 합병증은 증가하지 않았다. Objective : This study was aimed to evaluate the obstetric and perinatal outcomes of women with unexplained infertility following assisted reproductive technology (ART). Methods : From January 1999 to February 2002, a total of seventy-nine singleton pregnancies which progressed beyond 20 weeks gestation following embryo transfer in women finally diagnosed as unexplained infertility by diagnostic laparoscopy were enrolled in this study. The matched control was spontaneously conceived 172 singleton pregnancies. Retrospectively, we analyzed the obstetric outcome and compared gestational age at delivery, birth weight, Apgar score, and the incidence of perinatal mortality, preterm labor, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and oligohydramnios between two groups. Results : The mean gestational duration of study group was shorter than control group (38.2±0.5 vs. 39.4±0.1 weeks, p=0.001). The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus was significantly higher in the study group (7.6% vs. 1.2%, p=0.001). There was no significant difference in the mean birth weight (3088.1±86.1 g vs. 3243.8±37.2 g), the incidence of small for gestational age (10.1% vs. 11.6%), preeclampsia (3.8% vs. 2.3%), oligohydramnios (3.8% vs. 5.8%), preterm labor (7.6% vs. 5.2%), cesarean delivery (45.6% vs. 41.3%), and perinatal mortality (1.3% vs. 0.6%) between the two groups. Conclusion : The gestational duration of women with unexplained infertility after IVF-ET was shorter, but the incidence of preterm birth was not increased. And the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus of study group was higher than that of spontaneously conceived pregnancies.

유전질환 및 염색체 이상의 예방을 위한 착상전 유전진단의 결과

김진영,임천규,송인옥,유근재,양광문,한국선,허걸,송지홍,전진현,민동미,박소연,전종영,궁미경,강인수,Kim, Jin-Yeong,Lim, Chun-Kyu,Song, In-Ok,Yoo, Keun-Jai,Yang, Kwang-Moon,Han, Kuk-Sun,Hur, Kuol,Song, Ji-Hong,Jun, Jin-Hyun,Min, Dong-Mi,Park, So- 대한생식의학회 2002 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.29 No.4

Objective s: Chromosome aneuploidy is associated with recurrent abortion and congenital anomaly and genetic diseases occur repeatedly in the specific families. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) can prevent aneuploidy or genetic disease by selecting normal embryos before implantation and is an alternative to prenatal diagnosis. The aim of this study is to assess the outcome of PGD cycles by using FISH or PCR, and to determine the clinical usefulness and values in patients with risk of chromosomal aneuploidy or genetic disease. Materials and Methods: From 1995 to Apr. 2001, a total of 108 PGD cycles in 65 patients with poor reproductive outcome were analyzed. The indications of PGD were translocation (n=49), inversion (n=2), aneuploidy screening (n=7), Duchenne muscular dystrophy (n=5) and spinal muscular atrophy (n=2). PGD was applied due to the history of recurrent abortion, previous birth of affected child or risk of aneuploidy related to sex chromosome aneuploidy or old age. Blastomere biopsy was performed in 6$\sim$10 cell stage embryo after IVF with ICSI. In the single blastomere, chromosome aneuploidy was diagnosed by using FISH and PCR was performed for the diagnosis of exon deletion in DMD or SMA. Results: The FISH or PCR amplification was successful in 94.3% of biopsied blastomeres. The rate of transferable balanced emb ryos was 24.0% in the chromosome translocation and inversion, 57.1% for the DMD and SMA, and 28.8% for the aneuploidy screening. Overall hCG positive rate per transfer was 17.8% (18/101) and clinical pregnancy rate was 13.9% (14/101) (11 term pregnancy, 3 abortion, and 4 biochemical pregnancy). The clinical pregnancy rate of translocation and inversion was 12.9% (11/85) and abortion rate was 27.3% (3/11). In the DMD and SMA, the clinical pregnancy rate was 33.3% (3/9) and all delivered at term. The PGD results were confirmed by amniocentesis and were correct. When the embryos developed to compaction or morula, the pregnancy rate was higher (32%) than that of the cases without compaction (7.2%, p<0.01). Conclusions: PGD by using FISH or PCR is useful to get n ormal pregnancy by reducing spontaneous abortion associated with chromosome aneuploidy in the patients with structural chromosome aberration or risk of aneuploidy and can prevent genetic disease prior to implantation.