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그래핀나노플레이트렛 및 재활용 페놀폼으로 제조된 목재기반 복합보드의 난연 및 열적 특성
한정인 ( Jeong-in Han ),김민지 ( Min-ji Kim ),송은지 ( Eun Ji Song ),김경훈 ( Kyung Hoon Kim ),인세진 ( Se-jin In ),이영석 ( Young-seak Lee ) 한국공업화학회 2019 공업화학 Vol.30 No.3
그래핀나노플레이트렛(GnP)이 목재기반 복합보드의 열적 및 난연 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여, 5, 10, 및 20 wt% 등 여러 가지 GnP 함량으로 GnP/재활용 페놀폼(re-PF)/목재 복합보드를 제조하였다. 제조된 복합보드의 열적특성 및 난연성은 열중량분석(TGA) 및 한계산소지수(LOI) 시험을 통하여 각각 분석되었다. 복합보드의 열안정성은 GnP 첨가량에 따라 비례하게 증가하였고, 이 복합보드의 탄화수율(char yield)은 순수 목재보드 대비 최대 22%까지 증가하였다. 복합보드의 LOI 값은 순수 목재보드보다 약 4.8~7.8% 높았다. 또한, 재활용 페놀폼 및 GnP 첨가로 인하여 복합보드의 난연성이 크게 향상되었음을 확인하였다. 이는 열안정성이 높은 재활용 페놀폼과 GnP가 복합보드의 열분해 개시 온도를 지연시키고, 탄화층(char layer)을 보다 조밀하고 두껍게 형성하였기 때문에, 복합보드의 연소 지연효과를 이끌었다. 특히 탄소기반 재료로서 GnP는 탄화층의 형성을 용이하게 하고, 탄화수율을 현저히 증가시켜 재활용 페놀폼에 비하여 난연성에 높은 효과를 나타내었다. Graphene nanoplatelet (GnP)/reused phenolic foam (re-PF)/wood composite boards were fabricated with different GnP content as 5, 10 and 20 w/w% to investigate the effect of GnP on thermal- and flame retardant properties of wood-based composite boards. The thermal- and flame retardant properties of fabricated composite boards were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and limiting oxygen index (LOI), respectively. The thermal stability of the composite boards increased proportionally with respect to the amount of GnP, and the char yield of these boards increased up to 22% compared to that of the pure wood board. The LOI values of composite boards were about 4.8~7.8% higher than those of using pure wood boards. It was also confirmed that the flame retardant properties of composite boards were remarkably improved by the addition of re-PF and GnP. These results were because of the fact that the re-PF and GnP with a high thermal stability delayed the initial thermal degradation temperature of composite boards and made their char layers denser and thicker which led the overall combustion delay effect of the composite board. Especially, GnP as a carbon-based material, facilitated the char layer formation and increased remarkedly the char yield, which showed higher effect on flame retardant properties than those of the re-PF.
공손성 원리에 입각한 한-중/중-한 번역의 직시어 연구
한정은(Han Jeong Eun) 한국통번역교육학회 2005 통번역교육연구 Vol.3 No.1
This paper is a study of pragmatic aspects of deixis and linguistic politeness in Korean and Chinese. The main thrust of the thesis is that underlying all the diverse politeness phenomena, one basic principle, self-humbling has traditionally been such a highly valued virtue in Korean society that it is reflected in the syntactic form. The goal is not so much to theorize as to describe and explain the actual use of deictic elements, especially honorifics, from a politeness perspective. Therefore, it is important to collect as much relevant data as possible from actual speech acts. Preceding an operational definition of politeness, two types of language function will be defined in order to clarify discussion: the function of conveying informational messages and the function of reinforcing interpersonal relationships. It is admittedly very difficult to compare politeness between and among languages. This is because politeness is a very subtle area of language use that is difficult to describe in one’s own language. It is claimed that the formal varieties are most suitable for conveying informational messages and the informal varieties for maintaining and reinforcing interpersonal relationships.