「경찰관 직무집행법」상 손실보상심의절차의 알고리즘과 프로토콜 개발

한승훈(Seung-whoon Han) 한국국가법학회 2018 국가법연구 Vol.14 No.3

4차 혁명시대의 핵심기술인 인공지능의 기본 바탕이 되는 알고리즘은 오늘날 컴퓨터 영역뿐만 아니라 전 영역에서 일반화되어 문제해결 방법에 활용되고 있다. 유독 법학분야에서만큼은 냉대를 받고 있으나 이를 활용한다면 각종 심의, 쟁송해결 등에 있어서 국민의 권리보호에 절대적인 향상을 가져올 수 있다. 본고는 경찰상 직무집행에서 발생하는 국민의 재산상의 손실을 보상해주는 손실보상 심의위원회가 보상여부와 보상액을 결정하는 심의를 대상으로 삼아 법학분야에서는 최초로 알고리즘을 만들어보았다. 먼저 손실보상심의를 위한 전 단계로서 위원회 구성과 개의(開議)의 적법성 검토와 청구서면의 완전성을 심사한 후에 청구의 적법성 심의를 거쳐 본안심의에 이르도록 설계하였다. 이렇게 설정된 각 단계마다 적용할 법령을 수집하여 검토하고 심의단계에 적용될 프로토콜을 개발한 후 알고리즘을 작성하였다. 이 과정에서 손실보상심의위원회가 심의할 사항 중 사건발생의 원인이 된 경찰관 직 무집행의 적법성 판단이나 보상액 산정에 있어서 경찰관의 직무와 손실 사이의 인과관계 정도, 그리고 청구인의 손실발생에 대한 책임정도 등을 정하는 문제는 논리적 프로토콜을 작성하기에 너무 많은 과정을 거쳐야 하므로 결국 손실보상심의위원들의 판단을 모아 의결하는 방식으로 결정하도록 하였다. 이 점은 법률문제에 있어서의 각종 심의나 분쟁 해결을 위한 쟁송에 있어서 아직은 인간의 판단이 필요하다는 매우 의미 있는 사실일 수 있지만, 장차 이 분야에 빅데이터를 활용하여 이들에 관한 판단마저도 알고리즘으로 만들어진다면 위원회나 재판부를 대체하여 인공지능(AI)에게 재결이나 판결을 맡길 수 있게 될 것이다. 논란이 있겠지만 이로부터 국민의 권리보호는 더욱 공평하고 철저하게 실현되리라고 확신한다. Algorithm, underlying Artificial Intelligence as a core technology of the fourth industrial revolution, is used to solve problems, generalized in all the other fields besides the area of computers. The utilization of this method in the field of law, even though not welcome so far, will necessarily improve the protection of the rights of the people particularly in various deliberations and settlements of disputes. This paper established the first jurisprudential Algorithm in the investigation of the deliberation committee, which decides whether and how much to compensate the people’s property loss resulting from police officers’ performance of duties. First, as a previous step toward the investigation of loss payments, I designed that the procedure leads to the core procedure on the merits after organizing committees, reviewing the legitimacy of starting the deliberation, and examining the completeness of claiming papers. I collected and observed the legislations to apply to each stage and then created Algorithm through the development of protocols used for the stages. On the while, the committee seems to have too many processes to make the logical protocols in the aspects such as the legitimacy judgment of the police officers’ performance causing the occurrence of events, the extent of the relationship of cause and effect between the act and the loss in assessing the amount of compensation, and the level of responsibility of claimers’ damage. For this matter, a majority of the committee members’ judgment was selected as an alternative. This point still wants humans’ reasonable decisions in the various investigations and the settlements of legal disputes. However, a new kind of Algorithm-the practical use of big data in this field-will entrust AI(Artificial Intelligence) with the verdict or judgment, replacing the committee or the judging panel. This procedure is supposed to protect the people’s rights more fairly and thoroughly.

태권도 선수들의 격투 영상자극이 신체리듬과 뇌파변화에 미치는 영향

한승훈(Han, Seung-whoon),김병태(Kim, Byung-Tae),최동재(Choi, Dong-Jae) 세계태권도문화학회 2016 세계태권도문화학회지 Vol.- No.13

The objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of a psychological method with videos as a psychological and physical conditioning control method in Taekwondo players before their games. It is verified by the time that represents psychological effects of fighting video stimulations on the players through observing changes in physical rhythms and brain waves according to applies of such video stimulations. Changes in physical rhythms (Biofeedbacks) and in brain waves (EEG) for 15 Taekwondo players are investigated during watching fighting videos. After applying the video stimulation, the body heat is increased (p=.017) and the Alpha (p=.014) is decreased in which the Alpha is instantly decreased and the decreased state is maintained by five minutes. It shows that the fighting video stimulation affects the psychological and physical conditions and represents expectations of presenting psychological stables and physical activities according to such video stimulations.

자치입법과 행정입법의 비교를 통한 체계 구성 문제에 관한 소고

한승훈(Han Seung-Whoon) 조선대학교 법학연구원 2020 法學論叢 Vol.27 No.3

Under the principle of rule of law, there is no objection to the fact that autonomous legislation is a sublaw of the act. However, the principle of statutory superiority that the local government legislation should be a sub-law of government legislation cannot be easily absorbed under the legal principles of decentralization and local autonomy systems. This paper tried to demonstrate that it does not conform to the principle of local autonomy, by comparing autonomous legislation and administrative legislation in terms of separation of power and rule of law, views of legislative authority, delegation, subject and scope to which the two legislations are applied. In addition, this paper set the interpretation direction of Article 117 clause 1 of the Constitution that can deviate from the principle of statute superiority, and loked for the legal principle to find answers to the question that various autonomous and administrative legislation wil have superiority in efect on each other in acordance with the new interpretation. As a result of this study, it is found that the self-governing ordinance which is enacted without the mandate of the act or by the delegation of the act, cannot be infringed by administrative legislation, and revealed that the self-governing ordinance had a superior efect in relation to the executive rules. Since the implementation of local autonomy in Korea, local autonomy jurists have lacked eforts to interpret laws or create new theories to break away from the principle of statutory superiority. However, I hope that this research wil lead to many discusions on the arguments of this paper’s subject. 지방자치제를 보장하고 있는 우리 헌법 제117조 제1항과 지방자치법 제22조는 법령의 범위 안에서 자치사무에 관한 규정을 제정할 수 있다고 하여 자치입법이 법령의하위법으로 취급되어 왔다. 그러나 법치주의 하에서 자치입법이 법률의 하위법이라는 점에는 이의가 없지만, 법령 속에 포함된 행정입법의 하위법이 되어야 한다는 법령우위의 원칙은 지방분권과 지방자치제도의 법원리 속에 쉽게 흡수되기 어렵다. 본고는 이러한 의문에서 출발하여 자치입법과 행정입법을 권력분립과 법치주의적 관점, 헌법적 근거가 되는 수권규정의 관점, 자치입법과 행정입법에서 행해지는 위임의관점, 양자의 입법이 적용되는 대상과 범위의 관점 등에서 비교해 보고, 자치입법이행정입법에 종속되는 것은 지방자치의 원리에 어울리지 않음을 논증하려 하였다. 더불어 법령우위의 원칙을 벗어날 수 있는 해석의 방향을 설정하고, 이에 따라 각종의 자치입법과 행정입법들이 상호 간에 효력상의 우열이 있을 것이라는 의문에 답을 찾기 위한 법원리를 찾아 보았다. 그리하여 법률의 위임규정 없이도 제정할 수 있는 자치조례나 법률이 위임하고 있는 조례는 행정입법으로 침해할 수 없다는 점을 발견하였고, 위임조례는 대통령령이나 부령과의 관계에서 효력상의 우열관계가 있음을 밝혔다. 우리나라에 지방자치가 본격적으로 시행된 이래 법령우위의 원칙을 벗어나기 위한새로운 해석론을 제시하거나 법원리를 찾는 데에 미흡했던 지방자치법학에 본고의 주장들이 이에 관한 논의의 기폭제가 되기를 기대한다.

동영상 자극에 따른 태권도 선수들의 민첩성과 순발력 변화

한승훈(Han, Seung-Whoon),김병태(Kim, Byung-Tae),최동재(Choi, Dong-Jae) 세계태권도문화학회 2015 세계태권도문화학회지 Vol.- No.11

The purpose of this study is to verify the effectiveness of videos as a psychological and physical conditioning method for Taekwondo players before games. For this research, 12 students, majoring in Taekwondo and currently Taekwondo players, from K University in Korea was selected. To measure the effectiveness, the agility (side steps) and quick instinct (whole body reactions and high-standing jumps) of students was measured, both before and after watching the video. This study used SPSS 20.0 statistical program to process the collected data. Paired t-test was used to compare the two samples, which are the data before watching the video and the data after watching the video. The results are as follows. First, Taekwondo players showed no significant increase in agility after martial arts video stimulation was given. Second, the students, however, did show significant increase in quick instinct which includes whole body reactions and high-standing jumps after watching the video. In short, the student showed much more energy after watching the video, while the video may not have effect on parts where continued endurance is necessary. It can be concluded from the results that by watching the video Taekwondo players showed a desire for strong physical activity. Therefore, their quick instinct response momentarily improved. However, its effect was not shown where continuous maximum exercise performance is needed. This indicates that the players’ confidence derived from watching the video may not be a lasting effect. Further study is needed on how to make the stimulus a lasting effect.

경호무도 수련목표설정과 상상훈련인식에 따른 자기효능감 차이 분석

홍용식 ( Yong Sik Hong ),한승훈 ( Seung Whoon Han ),최판암 ( Pan Am Che ) 한국시큐리티융합경영학회 2015 한국융합과학회지 Vol.4 No.2

Purpose: The objective of this study is to investigate differences in self-efficacy with goals of martial arts training and image training recognition in order to improve social business performances that contribute to career capabilities in guards. Method: A total of 571 questionnaires for goals of training, image training recognitions, and self-efficacy were collected from guard martial arts trainees. An one-way ANOVA method was sued to verify statistical differences in self-efficacy and an ANCOVA method was implemented by careers as a concomitant variable in order to verify differences in both the set of short- and long-term goals and the self-efficacy according to image training. Conclusion: Regarding self-efficacy, male trainees represent high levels in subordinate factors of self-confidence and self-control and trainees with higher skills show higher levels. The level of self-control is increased according to increases in training careers and the highest level is represented for the career of 5-10 years. There exist differences in self-efficacy according to the interaction between short- and long-term goals and the frequent and concrete goal settings increases the self-efficacy. The higher image training recognition represents more increases in the self-efficacy.

연구논문 : 청원경찰의「경찰관 직무집행법」 수행에 관한 고찰 -직무권한을 중심으로-

김용근 ( Yong Geun Kim ),한승훈 ( Seung Whoon Han ) 아시아문화학술원 2015 인문사회 21 Vol.6 No.3

청원경찰은 민간인 신분이므로 경찰의 경비업무를 수행할 때, 경찰권한을 어디까지 행사할 수 있는가에 관한 문제가 대두된다.「청원경찰법」에 따르면 청원경찰에게 경비목적의 범위 내에서「경찰관 직무집행법」에 따라 직무를 수행하도록 하고 있지만,「경찰관 직무집행법」에 규정된 각종의 표준적 직무조치 권한은 경찰관이 경찰활동에 필요한 권한 사항을 정하고 있기 때문에 청원경찰은 경비활동 과정에서 그 권한들을 그대로 행사할 수는 없다. 이에 관하여「청원경찰법」은 청원경찰의 권한행사에 대한 기준이나지침을 정하고 있는 규정도 전혀 없다. 본고는 이러한 문제를 해결하고자 청원경찰은 경비과정에서 경찰권한을 어느 정도 행사할 수 있는가에 관한 연구주제를 갖고 관련된 실정법 해석을 시도하였다. 우선「청원경찰법」과 관련 법률들에 나타난 청원경찰의 법적인 지위와 직무범위를 설정하고 이에 따라 청원경찰이「경찰관 직무집행법」에 나타난 개별적인 경찰권한의 행사에 있어서의 청원경찰의 직무권한을 해석하면서 문제점들을 지적하였다. 이 연구에서 얻은 해석의 결과는 청원경찰의 권한 행사에 관한 직무표준이 될 수 있으며, 향후「청원경찰법」을 개정할 때 입법적인 지침으로서 참고할 의견이 될 것으로 믿는다. The registered security guard has a twofold status: a civilian in terms of a social standing and a policeman in the way that they execute the authority of security. This condition brings about a question of how far the performance of his or her duty is recognized as public power. According to「The police assigned for special guard act(PASGA)」, the guard does the duty within the security-oriented range, following 「The act on the performance of duties by police officers(APDPO)」. However, the immediate compulsion in police, regulated by the above act, cannot be permitted to the guard working just for security because the authority belongs to the police. Indeed,「PASGA」 does not have any code of conduct defining the standard or guide line of the guard’s execution of authority. This paper attempts to interpret the related positive law to solve this problem: to set up the guard’s legal position and scope of work shown in the police assigned for special guard act and the related laws; to point out the problems in exercising of the individual police power based on 「APDPO」; and to limit its sphere under the career goals the guard has. The outcome of this research is believed to be the performance standard to the execution of authority of the security guard and be used as a legislative guide in revising「PASGA」

경호 무도 수업 내적동기가 진로결정자기효능감과 진로정체성에 미치는 영향

최봉준(Choi, Bong-Jun․,Han),한승훈(Seung-Whoon) 한국민간경비학회 2016 한국민간경비학회보 Vol.15 No.3

본 연구에서는 경호무도수업에 대한 내적 동기가 진로결정 자기효능감과 경호 종사직의 정체성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 확인하여 타전공으로의 이전이나, 이탈 없이 경호학과를 졸업하고, 경호 관련 직종에 취업 할 수 있도록 하는 것에 목적을 두고자 한다. 전국에서 대학에서 경호학과에 재학 중이며, 경호 무도 수업을 받고 있는 학생들 모집단으로 비확률표본추출법 중 편의표본추출(convenience sampling)을 사용하였고, 설문응답은 자기 평가 기입법(self-administration method)으로 내용에 응답하도록 하였다. 총 650장의 자료가 실제 분석에 사용되었다. 설문지 내용은 경호무도수업에 대한 내적동기에 재미, 유능감, 긴장 문항, 진로결정 자기효능감에 직업정보수집, 목표설정, 계획수립, 문제해결 자기평가, 직업정체성에 소명의식, 신념으로 구성되었다. 회수한 설문지를 연구 연구목적에 SPSS 22프로그램을 통해 빈도분석, 요 인분석, 신뢰도 분석, 상관관계 분석, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 내적 동기의 하위요인 유능감과 재미 순서로 진로결정 자기 효능감의 하위요인 직업 정보수집, 목표설정, 문제 해결, 자기 평가에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 경호 종사직 정체성의 하위 요인 소명의식과 신념에 재미만이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The objective of this study is to prevent the transition and breakaway of the majoring in security guards to other fields and helps to getting jobs in this field through verifying the effects of the internal motivation in guard martial art classes on both the self-efficacy for deciding carriers and the carrier identify in the security guards. A total of 650 questionnaires were collected from the college students who took guard martial art classes. The questionnaire consists of six questions on interests, four questions on self-efficacy, three questions on pressure, five questions on collecting job information in the self-efficacy for deciding carriers, five questions on establishing goals, five questions on establishing plans, five questions on solving problems, five questions on self-assessment, four questions on the obsession of the carrier identity, and five questions on beliefs. Analyses of the frequency, factor, reliability, correlation, and multiple regression of the data were performed using the SPSS 22 program. In results, the sub-factors, self-efficacy and interests, of the internal motivation affect the sub-factors, collecting job information, establishing goals, solving problems, and self-assessment, of the self-efficacy for deciding carriers. Also, the interests only affect the sub-factors, obsessions and beliefs, of the identify in security guards. Increasing the internal motivation for training the guard martial arts will improve the awareness of the specialty in guards and help educating guard specialists without any losses in majoring courses through increasing the self-efficacy of class activities and carriers in security guards.

초등학교 아동의 공격행동 개선을 위한 태권도 프로그램의 효과

유은주(Yoo, Eun-Ju),최동재(Choi, Dong-Jae),김병태(Kim, Byung-Tae),한승훈(Han, Seung-Whoon) 세계태권도문화학회 2015 세계태권도문화학회지 Vol.- No.11

The object of this study is to examine the effect of cognitive behavior program on elementary school students’ aggressiveness when the program is applied to Taekwondo practices. The target group of the study is 12 boys, who started learning Taekwondo and are enrolled in first year of elementary school, located in Daegu province of Korea. During their Taekwondo practices, twice a week for 10 weeks, thus, in total 20 sessions of cognitive behavior program was conducted. The aggressiveness and K-CBCL test was carried out both before and after the program. The SPSS 20 program was used to process the collected data. To verify the construct validity of the collected data, exploratory factor analysis was used and to check the reliability, reliability test was conducted. The results indicate that overall aggressiveness, physical aggressiveness, verbal aggressiveness, indirect aggressiveness, pessimistic personality and excitement decreased after 20 sessions of the program. Overall aggressiveness (p=0.003) and physical aggressiveness (p=0.026) verbal aggressiveness (p=0.007) show statistically significant difference between before and after the program. K-CBCL decreased after the program, and was statistically significant (p=0.027). The following conclusion may be drawn from the results. Frist, cognitive behavior program through Taekwondo practices have significant effect on decreasing elementary school students’ aggressiveness, especially physical and verbal aggressiveness. Second, the program also has decreasing effect on K-CBCL. That is, cognitive behavior program through Taekwondo practices help release stress by way of physical exercise, help students to control their emotions and to find solutions to their problems. Therefore, programs which may enhance communication between parents and children, and are easily understandable by students need to be developed.

舊 都市計劃法 第21條에 대한 憲法不合致決定의 의미와 전망

韓承勳 朝鮮大學校 法學硏究所 2000 法學論叢 Vol.6 No.-

우리나라 사회보험행정상 심급적 행정심판을 위한 법제적 고찰

한승훈 한국사회보장학회 2004 사회보장연구 Vol.20 No.3

행정심판제도는 권리구제의 용이성, 신속성, 경제성, 전문성 등을 충족시켜줄 수 있는 사회보장수급권자들의 권리를 구제하는 제도로서 매우 중요한 법적 시스템이다. 그러나 행정소송제도에 비한다면 행정심판제도는 신중성 내지는 공정성이 부족하다. 이에 대한 보완방법의 하나로 행정상 불복제도를 단 1회의 심사에 그치도록 하지 않고 소송구조에서와 같이 심급제를 도입하는 것이다. 우리나라 사회보험법들에서는 불복절차를 단계적으로 규정하고 있으므로 이것이 가능할 수가 있다. 이러한운영이 가능하려면 현행 사회보험법률들의 해석상 심급적인 행정심판이 가능한지를 검토해 봐야 한다. 사회보험법들의 불복절차에 대한 복잡한 규정들은 특히 행정소송과 행정심판과의 관계에서 깊은 성찰을 요한다. 우리나라의 개별적인 사회보험법들의 불복절차에 관한 규정의 분석 결과 현행 법규정의 해석상 행정심판을 2심적으로 운영하는 데에는 별 무리가 얽는 것으로 판단된다. The administrative appeal system is a very important one which relieves the rights of social welfare clients. Administrative appeals review system is evidently valuable in that judicial review in agency action takes long time and high cost and has low expertise. But The administrative appeal system lacks carefulness and fairness compared with judicial review in agency action. The compensation of that point is to introduce the review instance system instead of stopping with only one time review. That is, we should pursue the way to instance reviews to the administrative appeal system similarly to the administrative litigation. This is possible because our country social insurance laws provide appeals procedures step by step. To make it possible, we should look into the legislation realities stipulated by the current social insurance laws, and investigate whether to operate in that way especially the relationship between the administrative litigation and the administrative judgement. This report tries the interpretation about it. After the first appeal, the judgement by the administrative judgement law is not supposed to be raised. We should apply the secondary appellate, waiting for the results, and if unsatisfied with them, we can institute the administrative litigation. This attitude of interpretation can be applied in other areas of social welfare. With the appeals procedure provisions like the social insurance, we could operate the instance appellate procedures.