통일 이후 북한 주민들의 치과의료보장을 위한 재정추계 연구

한동헌,이승표,명훈,노상호,박유이,이혜주 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2024 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.48 No.1

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to estimate the financial cost required for dental healthcare coverage by integrating North Korea’s free medical care system and South Korea’s health insurance system, assuming the unification of North and South Korea. Methods: North Korea’s health insurance and medical benefit finances were estimated based onthe benefit content, benefit target, benefit level, dental service utilization rate, and dental care costgrowth rate. Results: The results of the financial estimate assuming an average annual growth rate of dentalmedical expenses of 5% were as follows. Assuming that the proportion of health insurance recipients was 0% and the proportion of medical benefit recipients was 100%, health insurance was estimated at 0 won and government spending on medical benefits was estimated at KRW 771.9 billionin 2022. Assuming that the proportion of health insurance beneficiaries was 97% and the proportionof medical benefit recipients was 3%, health insurance was estimated at KRW 8,241.3 billion andgovernment expenditure on medical benefits was estimated at KRW 510.9 billion in 2052. In addition, the financial estimation results assuming an average annual growth rate of dental medicalexpenses of 10% were as follows. Assuming that the proportion of health insurance recipients was0% and the proportion of medical benefit recipients was 100%, health insurance was estimated at0 won and government spending on medical benefits was estimated at KRW 808.7 billion in 2022. Assuming that the rate of health insurance beneficiaries was 97% and the rate of medical benefitrecipients was 3%, health insurance was estimated at KRW 34.858 trillion and government spending on medical benefits was estimated at KRW 2.1608 trillion in 2052. Conclusions: If the rate of increase in dental medical expenditure is not controlled, it is possiblethat very high dental medical expenditure will become a significant social burden for both North andSouth Korea. A strategy needs to be developed to minimize the financial impact after unificationand promote efficient integration of the dental healthcare system.

CEO칼럼 - 참을 수 없는 행복

한동헌,Han, Dong-Heon 한국대학교육협의회 2012 大學敎育 Vol.178 No.-

Salivary Bisphenol-A Levels due to Dental Sealant/Resin: A Case-Control Study in Korean Children

한동헌,김민지,Eun-Joo Jun,김진범 대한의학회 2012 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.27 No.9

Dental sealants and composite filling materials containing bisphenol-A (BPA) derivatives are increasingly used in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between salivary BPA and the number of tooth surfaces filled with dental sealant, and to determine a cutoff BPA level. Salivary BPA concentration and the number of tooth surfaces filled with dental sealant/resin were determined in 124 age and gender matched children: 62 controls had no dental sealant/resin on their tooth surfaces and 62 cases had more than 4 tooth surfaces with dental sealant/resin. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and conditional logistic regression were performed after controlling for age, gender, salivary flow rate, salivary buffer capacity, frequency of snacking, and frequency of tooth brushing. Salivary BPA levels were 0.002 to 8.305 μg/L. The BPA level of control (0.40 μg/L)was significantly lower than that of case (0.92 μg/L) after controlling for confounders (P = 0.026). Although the 90th BPA percentile had an adjusted OR of 4.58 (95% CI 1.04-20.26, P = 0.045), the significance disappeared in the conditional logistic model. There may be a relationship between salivary BPA level and dental sealant/resin.

진공증착법에 의한 p-Zn0.31Cd0.69Se 박막의 성장 및 열처리 온도에 따른 물리적 성질

한동헌,윤은정,이정주,강광용 한국물리학회 2015 새물리 Vol.65 No.1

Zn0.31Cd0.69Se films were prepared on indium-tin-oxide(ITO)-coated glass substrates by using thermal evaporation. X-ray diffraction spectra showed that the Zn0.31Cd0.69Se films had a mixed ZnSe and CdSe zincblende structure with a lattice constant a = 6.077 °A and that the crystals were preferentially grown with a (111) orientation. The optical energy band gap, measured at room temperature, of the as-deposited Zn0.31Cd0.69Se film was 2.05 eV and decreased to about 2.04 eV ~ 1.96 eV upon annealing in a vacuum electric furnace at temperatures from 200 ℃ to 500 ℃. The dynamical behavior of the charge carriers in the Zn0.31Cd0.69Se film was investigated by using photoinduced discharge characteristics (PIDC) techniques. 진공증착 법으로 ITO (indium-tin-oxide) 기판 위에 Zn0.31Cd0.69Se 박막을 제작하였다. X-선 회절 분석에 의하여 박막의 살창상수는 a = 6.077 °A으로 ZnSe와 CdSe의 섬아연광 구조를 하고 있었으며, 그 성장방향은 (111) 방향으로 우선 성장됨을 알 수 있었다. 증착된 Zn0.31Cd0.69Se 박막에 대하여 실온에서 측정한 광학적인 에너지 띠 간격은 2.05 eV이었고, 열처리 온도를 증가함에 따라 감소하였으며, 200 ℃ to 500 ℃로 열처리한 박막의 광학적 에너지 띠 간격은 2.04 eV ~ 1.96 eV이었다. Zn0.31Cd0.69Se 박막 내의 전하운반자들의 동역학적 거동을 광유기 방전 특성 (PIDC: photoinduced discharge characteristics) 방법으로 조사하였다.

진공증착법에 의한 p-Zn0.51Cd0.49Se 박막의 성장 및 물리적 특성의 온도의존성

한동헌,윤은정,이정주,강광용 한국물리학회 2015 새물리 Vol.65 No.8

Zn0.51Cd0.49Se thin films with thicknesses of about 430 nm were deposited on indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrates by using thermal evaporation of high-purity ZnSe and CdSe mixed tablets in high vacuum. X-ray diffraction spectra showed that the Zn0.51Cd0.49Se thin films had mixed ZnSe and CdSe cubic zincblende structures with a lattice constant a = 6.077 °A and that the crystals were preferentially grown with a (111) orientation. From the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the intensities of the binding energies of the Zn 2p core levels were found to be increased with increasing annealing temperature and those of the Cd 3d and the Se 3d core levels to be decreased. The optical energy band gap of the as-deposited Zn0.51Cd0.49Se thin film was 2.32 eV. Especially, the optical energy band gaps of Zn0.51Cd0.49Se thin films annealed in a vacuum electric furnace at temperatures from 200 ℃ to 500 ℃ were about 2.30 eV ~ 2.08 eV. From measurements of the photoinduced discharge characteristics, the hole drifts in the Zn0.51Cd0.49Se thin films and the hole concentrations were found to increase with increasing annealing temperature but the hole mobilities were found to decrease. 진공증착법으로 ITO (indium-tin-oxide) 기판 위에 두께 약 430 nm의 Zn0.51Cd0.49Se 박막을 제작하였다. X-선 회절 분석에 의하여 Zn0.51Cd0.49Se 박막은 CdSe와 ZnSe가 혼합된 정육면체 섬아연광 구조를 하고 있었으며, 그 성장방향은 (111) 방향으로 우선 성장하였다. X-선 광전자 분광 결과로부터, 열처리 온도 증가에 따라 Zn 2p에 대한 결합에너지의 피크 적분 강도는 증가하고, Cd 3d와 Se 3d에 대한 결합에너지의 피크 적분 강도는 감소하였다. 증착된 Zn0.51Cd0.49Se 박막의 광학적인 에너지 띠 간격은 2.32 eV이었다. 특히, 200 ℃ ~ 500 ℃로 진공 열처리한 박막의 광학적 에너지 띠 간격은 2.30 eV ~ 2.08 eV이었다. 광유기 방전 특성으로 분석한 Zn0.51Cd0.49Se 박막은 p-형 (양공표류)이며, 열처리 온도 증가에 따라 양공의 이동도는 감소하고, 양공의 농도는 증가함을 보였다.

진공증착 법에 의한 p-ZnxCd1-xSe 박막의 성장 및 물리적 특성

한동헌,윤은정,이정주,강광용 한국물리학회 2015 새물리 Vol.65 No.7

ZnxCd1−xSe (x = 0.12, 0.31, 0.53, 0.71, and 0.92) thin films of about 430 nm in thickness were deposited on indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrates by using thermal evaporation of highpurity ZnSe and CdSe mixed tablets in a high vacuum. X-ray diffraction spectra showed that the ZnxCd1−xSe thin films were preferentially grown with a (111) orientation. The ZnxCd1−xSe crystal structure was a mixture of the ZnSe and the CdSe cubic zinc-blende structures with lattice constants from a = 6.077 °A to a = 5.515 °A for the CdSe and a = 5.969 °A for the ZnSe. The (αhv)2 vs. hv plots for the ZnxCd1−xSe thin films showed that all samples had direct-transition band gaps. The energy band gaps of the ZnxCd1−xSe thin films increased monotonically from 1.90 eV for x = 0.12 to 2.65 eV for x = 0.92. The dynamical behavior of the charge carriers in the ZnxCd1−xSe thin film was investigated by using the photoinduced discharge characteristics (PIDC) technique. 진공증착 법으로 ITO (indium-tin-oxide) 기판 위에 두께 약 430 nm의 ZnxCd1-xSe (x = 0.12, 0.31, 0.53, 0.71, 0.92) 박막을 제작하였다. X-선 회절 분석에 의하여 ZnxCd1-xSe 박막의 격자상수는 CdSe (111)면에 대하여 a = 6.077 Å 이었고, CdSe (220)면과 CdSe (311)면에 대하여는 각각 a = 5.934 Å 과 a = 5.515 Å 이었으며, ZnSe (220)면에 대하여는 a = 5.969 Å 이었다. 또한 CdSe와 ZnSe가 혼합된 정육면체 섬아연광 구조를 하고 있었으며, 그 성장방향은 (111) 방향으로 우선 성장됨을 알 수 있었다. 증착된 ZnxCd1-xSe 박막에 대하여 실온에서 측정한 광학적인 에너지 띠 간격은 x = 0.12에서 1.90 eV와 x = 0.92에서 2.65 eV이었으며, Zn 양을 증가함에 따라 단조롭게 증가하였다. ZnxCd1-xSe 박막 내의 전하운반자들의 동역학적 거동을 광유기 방전 특성 (photoinduced discharge characteristics, PIDC) 방법으로 조사하였다.

대학생의 취업스트레스와 자살위험성의 관계: 진로낙관성의 조절효과

한동헌,조영아 한국상담학회 2015 상담학연구 Vol.16 No.1

This study aims to examine the moderating effect of career optimism in the relationship between job seeking stress and suicide probability among undergraduates. To this end, a survey on job seeking stress, career optimism and suicide probability was carried out with 359 junior and senior students in Seoul and Gangwondo. The findings were as follows. First, woman and low readiness group of employment competency showed the higher suicide probabilities than man and high readiness group of employment competency group. Second, job seeking stress showed a significant positive correlation with suicide probability. The career optimism showed a negative correlation with suicide probability. Finally, the career optimism was found to moderate the relationship between job seeking stress and suicide probability. Namely, while the higher job seeking stress, the higher suicide probabilities among college students with low career optimism, but even if the higher job seeking stress, there is little difference in suicide probabilities among college students with high career optimism. These results suggest that career optimism is the important protective factor to mitigate the effect that career optimism makes on suicide probability. 본 연구에서는 대학생의 취업스트레스와 자살위험성 간의 관계에서 진로낙관성이 조절효과를 갖는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 서울과 강원도에 소재한 세 개 대학의 3, 4학년 359명을 대상으로 하여 취업스트레스, 진로낙관성, 자살위험성에 대한 설문을 실시하고 결과를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 첫째, 여성일수록, 취업준비가 낮을수록 자살위험성이 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 취업스트레스는 자살위험성과 정적으로, 진로낙관성은 자살위험성과 부적으로 유의미한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 취업스트레스와 자살위험성 간의 관계에서 진로낙관성은 조절효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 진로낙관성 수준이 낮은 집단은 취업스트레스가 높아질수록 자살위험성이 높아졌으나 진로낙관성 수준이 높은 집단은 취업스트레스가 높아져도 자살위험성에 큰 차이가 없었다. 이러한 결과는 진로낙관성이 취업스트레스가 자살위험성에 미치는 영향을 완화하는 중요한 보호요인 임을 시사한다.

Gantry Slot-die Coater-based Reinforced Composite Membrane for PEMFC

한동헌,허웅,배진우 한국공업화학회 2023 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2023 No.1

말레산 무수물로 그래프트된 고분자량의 폴리락트산 상용화제가 폴리락트산 기반의 합성목재에 미치는 영향

한동헌,오승주,윤재욱,우인선,배진우 한국고분자학회 2021 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.46 No.2

Maleic anhydride 와 divinylbenzene 을 개시제인 di(tert-butyl-perxoyisopropyl)benzene 과 함께 이축 압출기에서 용융 그래프팅 반응을 통해 상용화제인 high-molecular-weight maleic anhydride-grafted polylactic acids(HMMA-g-PLA)를 제조하였다. 제조된 HMMA-g-PLA 의 특성을 분석하기 위해 FTIR, MI, 그리고 역적정을 실시하였다. HMMA-g-PLA 는 DVB 의 함량이 증가함에 따라 MA 의 그래프팅율은 증가하나 MI 는 감소하였는데, DVB 의 도입으로 PLA 의 β- scission 반응이 억제되어 분자량이 증가되었기 때문이다. HMMA-g-PLA 를 사용한 PLA 기반 합성목재(wood-plastic composites, WPCs)는 matrix 인 PLA 에 보강재인 목재와 무기 충전재인 talc 를 첨가하여 일축 압출기로 용융 블렌드하였다. 상용화제인 HMMA-g-PLA 가 도입된 WPCs 는 도입되지 않은 WPCs 와 비교하여 더 높은 굴곡강도 및 충격강도를 보였다. 이것은 Scanning electron microscope 분석을 통해 HMMA-g-PLA 의 첨가로 PLA 와 목분과의 계면결합력이 우수해졌기 때문인 것을 알 수 있었다. 하지만 HMMA-g-PLA 의 함량이 높을 때는 WPCs의 기계적 물성을 악화시켰다.

모의 부정적 양육태도와 청소년의 공격성의 관계에서 자아분화의 매개효과

한동헌,김완일 한국상담학회 2013 상담학연구 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구에서는 중학생이 지각한 모의 부정적 양육태도와 공격성의 관계를 자아분화가 매개하는지 알아보고자 하였다. 자아분화란 개인이 사고와 정서를 분리시킬 수 있는 능력뿐만 아니라 정서적 성숙과 자기가 태어난 가정으로부터 개성화된 정도를 말한다. 중학교 2, 3학년 250명의 학생들을 대상으로 모의 부정적 양육태도 척도, 자아분화 척도, 공격성 척도에 대한 설문을 실시한 후 Amos 프로그램을 사용하여 구조모형 검증을 하였다. 그 결과, 중학생이 지각한 모의 부정적 양육태도와 공격성의 관계를 자아분화가 부분매개 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 상담 장면에서 공격성이 높은 내담자를 상담 할 때 환경적인 요인인 모의 부정적 양육태도를 긍정적으로 바꾸도록 돕고, 가족상담 프로그램을 통하여 개인 내적 특성인 자아분화 수준이 높아지도록 도움을 줌으로써 상담의 효과를 높일 수 있다는 것을 시사해주고 있다. This study is intended to examine whether differentiation of self mediates the association between the perceived negative maternal child-rearing attitude and hostility among middle school students. Differentiation of self refers to emotional maturity and degree of independence from the home in which an individual is born as well as the ability to separate one's thought and emotion. To this end, this study administered the differentiation of self scale, a hostility inventory and acceptance-rejection questionnaire to total 250 middle school students of both genders in the second and third grades. The data was submitted to Amos to test an structural equation model. As the result, this study found that differentiation of self mediates partially the association between negative maternal child-rearing attitude and hostility. This finding suggests that it would enhance the effectiveness of counseling for a client with high hostility to change the negative maternal child-rearing attitude of the client as an environmental factor and to help the client have higher level of differentiation of self.