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최환,홍석진,김연수,조재구,백승국,우정수,정광윤,권순영,Choe, Hwan,Hong, Seok-Jin,Kim, Yeon-Soo,Cho, Jae-Gu,Baek, Seung-Kuk,Woo, Jeong-Soo,Jung, Kwang-Yoon,Kwon, Soon-Young 대한기관식도과학회 2010 大韓氣管食道科學會誌 Vol.16 No.2
Background: Penetrating neck injuries are potentially dangerous and require emergency management because of the presence of vital structures in the neck. The risk of airway, vascular, neurological, and pharyngoesophageal injuries leads to many difficult diagnostic decisions. The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate our experience with management of penetrating neck injuries, and to assess treatment outcome. Material and Method: Forty-two consecutive patients were identified (26 patients from Korea university Ansan hospital, 16 patients from Guro hospital) as having penetrating neck injuries from 2003 to 2009. With review of medical records, variables were collected and evaluated including the location of injury, mechanism of injury, number of significant injuries, diagnostic modalities, duration of hospital stay and outcome. Results: The location of injury was zone I (lower neck) in 13 cases (31%), zone II (midportion of the neck) in 22 (52%), and zone III (upper neck) in 7 (17%). Injuries were caused by stab wounds in 23 patients, penetrating foreign bodies in 12. Among 35 patients who had deep injuries that violated the platysma, significant injuries, including major vascular (20), trachea (5) Pharyngoesophageal injuries (5) were identified in 24 patients. The mean hospital stay was 9.5 days. Conclusion: The penetrating trauma in the neck may show various degrees of severity. However, Cervical penetrating injury should not be underestimated in spite of the minimal width of the lesion.
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최환,이검국 영남중국어문학회 1999 중국어문학 Vol.33 No.1
《新羅殊異傳》是産生於新羅末期的最甲的漢文小說集, 久巳失傳. 由於文獻記載的不足和저오, 還存有許多疑點. 至今學術界沒有一致的看法, 因比흔有深入硏究的必要. 本論文通過진可能詳盡的考證. 幷且分地用唐人傳奇的文學背景及意義和崔致遠生活經歷, 分析了《新羅殊異傳》崔致遠本的諸多問題. 例如 $lt;崔致遠$gt;篇作者爲崔致遠·$lt;崔致遠$gt;篇原題爲'雙女墳記'·$lt;雙女墳記$gt;作如准南募《新羅殊異傳》成書時間·崔致遠本的書名及佚文等. 特別, 從崔致遠本的佚文考證, 輯錄了八篇不可確定而有可能的佚文.
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최환 한국중국소설학회 2005 中國小說論叢 Vol.22 No.-
考察明代的出版情況, 就發現類書和小說的發行數量比其他種類還多。 這一點可能意味著使類書和小說之間在某種程度上保持密切的關係。 本文就基於這種觀點來闡述自己的見解。 在明代發行的一般類書中, 像宋代的『太平禦覽』一樣, 有不少記載說部資料的類書。 如『永樂大典』中的宋代文言小說資料, 就能證明這一點。 這不僅說明收集類書資料的對象範圍非常廣泛, 而且也正說明類書在前代小說資料的保存及傳播過程中起了不少的作用。 而故事專門類書是編撰類書時收集和引用的資料皆爲說部(故事)的類書。 這種類書, 明代就有『群書類編故事』、 『故事選要』、 『白眉故事』、 『黃眉故事』、 『事類捷錄』等。 盡管編撰這一類書的主要目的就是便於檢索, 但使人感到有興趣的是, 類書中的項目說明部分的引用文章, 不是由具有普遍規律的經、 史、 子、 集等繁雜的資料構成, 而是大部分都由說部資料構成。 這一點就說明類書和小說的正式結合。 而且這種現象到了明代使閱讀類書的讀者大量增加, 因而推動了類書的發行。 到了明代, 大量發行所謂『太平廣記』之類的類書體小說集, 比起一般類書及故事專門類書, 這種類書體小說集, 在分類方式上大體具有濃厚的類似『太平廣記』的小說性。 受到『太平廣記』影響而發行的明代許多類書體小說集, 就是借著類書的基本屬性之一的分類這形式, 幷收集小說而編成, 相對來說故事專門類書仍被讀者當作檢索所利用, 相反, 這種類書體小說集爲廣大讀者提供更多的可讀性資料而更具意義。 最後提到的是被譽爲明代道家小說家的鄧志謨與類書編撰之間的問題。 其實, 鄧志謨在一生當中所編撰的類書比小說還多, 這就說明他比小說創作更注重類書的編撰。 不管즘마樣, 鄧志謨卽是一位小說家同時又是類書編撰者, 他在創作小說的過程中흔可能有效地利用了類書。 령外, 可以說編撰類書和故事眞正結合的故事專門類書是一種自然的現象。 當然, 鄧志謨的那種表現也與明代出版界大量發行的類書及小說的客觀環境幷不無關。
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崔桓 한국중국소설학회 2006 中國小說論叢 Vol.23 No.-
本论文对被称为'新生代导演'的第六代导演在电影创作中表现的类似模式进行了探讨. 我们在以城市为背景的三部影片中, 从背景描写、人物类型、现实认识等方面证实了所具有的类似性. 第六代导演如在这三部影片中表现出, 喜欢以城市为背景, 根据自己的城市生活经验而进行创作. 他们都出生於城市、生长在城市, 而且亲眼目睹了城市暴露的各种社会问题, 所以自然而然的运用了与作品相关的各种城市背景. 更有趣的是这三部影片都是以娱乐业场所和主要演员宿舍为主要背景, 这些都在影片的展开情节和制造氛围上起到了很重要的作用. 甚至《小武》和《安阳婴儿》的女主角宿舍环境极其相似, 而且导演用坐着或躺在床上的姿势来表现了她们的孤独. 另外, 第六代导演创作的以城市为背景的电影中的主要人物, 大部分是小市民, 而且他们都擅长於表现城市中疏离阶层的人当作主要人物. 三部影片中大部分人物都是反面人物或被社会所疏离的人, 其类型很相似. 更让人感兴趣的是三部影片中刻画的三名女主角都是从事娱乐行业的人. 影片中大部分人物都不是城市居民, 而是从农村来的所谓'外来人'. 第六代导演对城市中疏离阶层和下层人民以及从乡下来的人持有很大的关爱, 并且喜欢把他们刻画成主要人物或周边人物. 第六代导演的现实认识主要体现在关心当时的平民生活, 他们重点突出普通百姓的人性美和人情美. 如上所言, 第六代导演中有些人特别关注城市中疏离阶层以及下层人民. 他们通过自己的电影地反映了改革开放以後城市的产业化和城市化的过程中所显出的贫富之差、失业人、犯罪、卖淫、城市贫民阶层和民工问题等而引起的各种矛盾、不合理现象. 这种现实认识就是他们自己在城市生活中亲身体验的产物, 所以更为真切. 第六代导演不尽直接描绘了这种现象, 而且更加关心城市中的疏离阶层或下层人民日常生活中内在的人情人性问题. 三部影片的导演不约而同地关心主要人物的孤独感和疏离感, 而为解决这种孤独感和疏离感所取的就是爱情. 但是结果还是离别或者爱情未能实现而告终, 结尾几乎都濒於绝望. 如上所见, 第六代导演对城市中的疏离阶层或下层人民不能实现的希望和理想无法提出正确的解决方法, 但是不可否认至少在影片中对那种问题表示关心, 并且还有点提到了那种问题, 这是导演对他们表现的一种爱心和关怀.
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럭셔리브랜드개성이 브랜드충성도에 미치는 영향: 브랜드신뢰 매개역할 및 브랜드관여도 조절효과
최환,최철재 한국무역연구원 2022 무역연구 Vol.18 No.5
Purpose – The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of luxury brand personality on brand loyalty, and to check the mediating role of brand trust and the moderating effect of brand commitment. Design/Methodology/Approach – This study investigated 305 people through face-to-face interviews. The subjects of the survey were adult men and women over the age of 19 that have purchased luxury goods in department stores. For the empirical analysis of this study, SPSS win 24.0 and AMOS 24 Version statistical software were used. The hypothesis of this study was confirmed through structural equation modeling(SEM). Findings – Brand personality had a positive effect on self-congruence and emotional satisfaction. Self- congruence had a positive effect on emotional satisfaction. Emotional satisfaction had a positive effect on brand trust, brand commitment, and brand loyalty. Brand immersion had a positive effect on brand loyalty. Brand trust had a positive effect on brand loyalty, but had no effect on brand commitment. As a result of testing the mediating effect of brand trust, brand trust was partially mediated in the relationship between emotional satisfaction and brand loyalty. As a result of the test of the moderating effect of brand involvement, the moderating effect between brand personality and emotional satisfaction was significant. Research Implications – What should luxury brand marketers do to increase loyalty to luxury brands? Luxury brand marketers need to develop products that match the brand personality and the self- congruence of consumers. Then, emotional satisfaction with the luxury brand increases, and then brand trust is created. As a result, it was confirmed that loyalty to luxury brands increased.
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무역자유화의 경제적 효과 : CGE 모형과 FCGE 모형을 이용한 비교 분석 A Comparative Analysis using CGE and FCGE Models
崔煥,申東天 한국국제경제학회 2004 국제경제연구 Vol.10 No.2
많은 연구자들은 관세철폐와 같은 무역자유화의 경제적 효과를 단지 실물부문만을 고려한 CGE(computable general equilibrium) 모형을 이용하여 계측하였다. 하지만 현실적으로 일국의 국민경제는 실물부문과 금융부문이 상호 연계되어 있다. 따라서 금융부문이 고려되지 않은 실물 CGE 모형을 이용한 분석에서는 관세철폐의 경제적 효과를 과소 혹은 과대평가 할 가능성이 있다. 금융연산균형(financial CGE: FCGE) 모형은 실물 CGE 모형에 금융부문을 포함시켜 실물부문과 금융부문 간의 상호작용을 명시적으로 고려할 수 있는 계산 모형이다. 본 논문에서는 무역자유화 -관세철폐-의 경제적 효과를 FCGE 모형을 이용하여 계측하고, 그 분석결과를 실물 CGE 모형을 이용한 분석결과와 비교하였다. 분석결과에 따르면, 관세철폐는 총수입과 총수출을 증가시킨 반면, 총산출을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. CGE 분석의 경우 물가수준은 환율의 고정성 가정 하에서 하락하는 것으로 나타난 반면, FCGE 분석의 경우 물가수준은 환율의 신축성 가정 하에서 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 실질 GDP는 두 경우 모두 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 FCGE 분석의 경우 실질 GDP 증가율이 CGE 분석의 경우 실질 GDP증가율보다 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 동등변동으로 측정된 사회후생수준은 CGE 분석의 경우 증가하는 것으로 나타난 반면 FCGE 분석의 경우 감소하는 것으로 나타났다 이러한 분석결과는 CGE 모형을 이용한 기존의 연구들이 관세철폐와 같은 무역자유화의 경제적 효과를 과대평가 했을 가능성이 있음을 시사한다. Many researchers have evaluated the economic effects of trade liberalization such as the tariff abolition by using a CGE(computable general equilibrium) model with only real sector. However, the national economy consists of both real and financial sectors which are interlinked. There is a possibility to under - or over - estimate the economic effects of the tariff abolition in an analysis utilizing a CGE model without financial sector. A real CGE model can be extended to a FCGE(financial CGE) model by adding the financial sector to it and this extension enables us to consider the interaction of the real and financial sectors explicitly. This paper evaluated the economic effects of trade liberalization - the tariff abolition - by using a FCGE model and compared the result with that of the CGE analysis without financial sector. The simulation results show that the tariff reduction increases both aggregate import and export while decreasing aggregate output. Also, the level of price index in the CGE analysis falls under the fixed exchange rate, but the level of price index and exchange rate in FCGE analysis rise under the flexible exchange rate. Consequently, real GDP in-creases in both CGE and FCGE analyses, but the rate of increase in real GDP in the FCGE analysis is less than the rate of increase in real GDP in the CGE analysis. Also, the level of social welfare evaluated by equivalent variation increases in the CGE analysis while it decreases in the FCGE analysis. This suggests that the established results obtained by a real CGE analysis might overestimate the economic effects of trade liberalization such as the tariff abolition.
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