잘피의 광합성에 대한 중금속 및 TBT의 독성 영향과 중금속 흡수에 대한 연구

최태섭,김광용,이병권,이정석,Choi, Tae-Seob,Kim, Kwang-Young,Lee, Byeong-Gweon,Lee, Jung-Suk 한국조류학회(藻類) 2005 ALGAE Vol.20 No.2

Uptake kinetics of Cd and Zn by leaves and rhizome of the seagrass Zostera marina were examined in controlled laboratory radiotracer experiments. Subsequently, acute toxicity of Cd, Cu and TBT on photosynthetic quantum yield (ΔF/Fm’ of Z. marina were determined, and the differential sensitivities of rapid light curve (RLC) to those harmful substances were also compared. All measurements on photosynthetic activity were determined by chlorophyll a fluorescence method using pulse amplitude modulation (PAM). Metal uptake by Z. marina was saturated with increasing exposure time in leaves and rhizomes. Uptake of Zn by Z. marina was faster than that of Cd. Metal uptake rates in Z. marina decreased with the increase of dissolved metal concentrations and also with the increase of biomass. The adverse effect of TBT on effective quantum yield was stronger than other pollutants. Average acute toxicity on the RLC of the seagrass exposed to TBT and two heavy metals (Cd and Cu) was going to decrease as follows: TBT > Cd > Cu. Our preliminary results in this study suggested that Z. marina potentially can be used as a biomonitor of harmful substances contamination in coastal waters.

구멍갈파래(Ulva pertusa Kjellman)의 생태생리에 대한 생육기질의 효과

최태섭,김광용,Choi, Tae-Seob,Kim, Kwang-Young 한국조류학회(藻類) 2005 ALGAE Vol.20 No.4

Seashore joining with land and sea, which is typical habitat for marine macroalgae, is classified two types of shore as soft- and hard-bottom shore according to topographical (geological) and ecological features. We compared two of Ulva pertusa Kjellman from two contrasting habitats, sandy (soft-bottom, Haenam) and rocky shore (hard-bottom, Hadong) in terms of chlorophyll-a fluorescence and its parameters, and various photosynthetic pigment and nutrient content in the tissue of those. Both of habitats were different in the light environment such as light attenuation coefficient and even in nutrient concentration of ambient seawater. Electron transport rate (ETR) of Ulva from sandy shore was higher than from rocky shore. The range of photosynthetic pigment content in the tissue of U. pertusa was significantly much more in from sandy shore, and also nitrogen and phosphorus content were significantly higher except for carbon content. However, there were no significant differences in the ratio of among photosynthetic pigments, and N:P ratio was similar between each other, even though significantly different. Our result implied on the reason of why most of green tides in the worldwide concentrated and frequently occurred at sites with sandy, muddy and silty bottoms, being classified as soft-bottom shore.

돌돔(Oplegnathus fasciatus) 혈구세포의 DNA 손상을 활용한 생태위해성평가

최태섭(Tae Seob Choi),성찬경(Chan-Gyoung Sung),이지혜(Ji-Hye Lee) 환경독성보건학회 2013 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2013 No.10

이산화탄소로 산성화된 해수에 노출된 돌돔(Oplegnathus fasciatus) 혈구세포에 대한 유전독성(DNA 손상)

최태섭 ( Tae Seob Choi ),이지혜 ( Ji Hye Lee ),성찬경 ( Chan Gyoung Sung ),이정석 ( Jung Suk Lee ),박영규 ( Young Gyu Park ),강성길 ( Seong Gil Kang ) 한국환경과학회 2014 한국환경과학회지 Vol.23 No.3

DNA damage such as genotoxicity was identified with comet assay, which blood cell of a marine parrot fish (Oplegnathus fasciatus) was exposed to an acidified seawater, lowered pH gradient making of CO2 gas. The gradient of pH were 8.22, 8.03, 7.81, 7.55 with control as HBSS solution with pH 7.4. DNA tail moment of fish blood cell was 0.548 ± 0.071 exposed seawater of pH 8.22 condition, on the other hand, DNA tail moment 1.601 ± 0.197 exposed acidified seawater of pH 7.55 lowest condition. The approximate difference with level of DNA damage was 2.9 times between highest and lowest of pH. DNA damage with decreasing pH was significantly increased with DNA tail moment on blood cell of marine fish (ANOVA, p < 0.001). Ocean acidification, especially inducing the leakage of sequestered CO2 in geological structure is a consequence from the burning of fossil fuels, and long term effects on marine habitats and organisms are not fully investigated. The physiological effects on adult fish species are even less known. This result shown that the potential of dissolved CO2 in seawater was revealed to induce the toxic effect on genotoxicity such as DNA breakage.

겨울철 암반 조간대에서 갈파래 ( Ulva species ) 매트의 생물량

최태섭(Tae Seob Choi),최종관(Jong Kwan Choi),박승민(Seung Min Park),김정하(Jeong Ha Kim),김광용(Kwang Young Kim) 한국환경생물학회 2001 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.19 No.1

N/A The biomass of Ulva mats was surveyed in a lower rocky shore of the southern coast of Korea during the 1998∼1999 winter. The population selected for the present study was located on the tidal zone ranging from 118㎝ to 136㎝ below mean sea level(MSL), where abundance of Ulva species was highest. The biomass of Ulva species increased gradually from December 1998 until February 1999, reaching the maximum of 374g dry wt·m^-2 in February. The biomass varied little among the sampling quadrats for each sampling time. Over the course of the study a total of 16 taxa were sampled from Ulva mats, of which 5 were macrophytes and 11 were macroinvertebrates. Rodophyta comprised 3 taxa, followed by Phaeophyta of 2 taxa, but there was no Chlorophyta except for Ulva species. The macrofaunal assemblage was consisted of 8 taxa of Mollusca, 2 Arthropoda and 1 Annelida. There was a dramatic increase in Maytilus sp. in February. Moreover, the trend of biomass were similar between some macroinvertebrates and Ulva species. The results suggested that macroinvertebrates may play an improtant role in nutrient dynamics as well as food web. Further experimental evidence may be necessary to explain the correlation between Ulva mats and abundance of coexisting macroinvertebrates.

이산화탄소 해양 지중저장사업의 환경위해성평가관리 방안

최태섭(Tae Seob Choi),이정석(Jung-Suk Lee),이규태(Kyu-Tae Lee),박영규(Young-Gyu Park),황진환(Jin-Hwan Hwang),강성길(Seong-Gil Kang) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2009 한국해양환경·에너지학회지 Vol.12 No.4

일부 중금속과 제초제에 대한 저서규조류 Nitzschia sp.의 광합성 반응

강은주,최태섭,김광용,Kang, Eun-Ju,Choi, Tae-Seob,Kim, Kwang-Young 한국조류학회(藻類) 2007 ALGAE Vol.22 No.4

This study was conducted with using chlorophyll a fluorescence (indicated as photosynthetic activity) to examine the toxic effect of 96 h exposure of heavy metals and herbicides on the benthic diatom Nitzschia sp. which was isolated from pristine sediment in Pamquat Harbour, Nova Scotia, Canada. Samples of benthic diatom were exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg L?1 of copper, 0, 1, 10 and 100 mg L?1 of chrome (VI), 0, 2.45, 24.5 and 245 mg L?1 of paraquat dichloride, and 0, 4.37, 43.7 and 437 mg L?1 of alachlor during 96 hours. The effective quantum yield of photochemistry (ΔF/Fm’) was evaluated by subjecting light acclimated samples to saturating pulses of light using a pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometer. The impact of heavy metals on Nitzschia sp. photosynthesis was not severe in < 1 mg L?1 but in the high concentrations (> 1 mg L?1) clearly increased toxic stress during 96 h. Herbicides had a limited impact during the exposure period but clearly increased stress on the benthic diatom with increasing concentrations. Acute response of Nitzschia sp. to selected heavy metals and herbicides was characterized, and the capacity of a benthic diatom to tolerate and recover from toxic stress was assessed.

동해 남부 해역 퇴적물과 저층 해수 세균 군집 조성의 계절적 변화 연구

최동한,김병모,최태섭,이정석,노재훈,박영규,강성길,Choi, Dong Han,Gim, Byeong-Mo,Choi, Tae Seob,Lee, Jung-Suk,Noh, Jae Hoon,Park, Young-Gyu,Kang, Seong-Gil 한국해양학회 2014 바다 Vol.19 No.2

해양 환경에서 세균은 다양한 생지화학적 순환에 있어서 중요한 역할을 수행하고 있으며, 그들의 다양성에 대한 정보는 생태계에서 세균의 생지화학적 기능을 이해하는데 중요하다. 본 연구는 $CO_2$ 해양지중저장의 후보지인 동해 남부해역의 표층 퇴적물과 퇴적물 위의 저층 해수에서 최신 연구 기법인 pyrosequencing을 통하여 세균의 계절적 다양성을 분석함으로써, 동해 퇴적물 세균상의 특성을 이해하고자 하였다. 퇴적물에서는 대부분의 시기에 Gammaproteobacteria가 우점한 반면, 저층 해수에서는 Alphaproteobacteria가 우점하여 두 서식처에서 세균의 다양성은 큰 차이를 보였다. 또한 속 수준의 다양성 분석에서도 저층 해수에서는 대부분의 시기에 SAR11 그룹에 속하는 Pelagibacter가 가장 우점한 반면, 퇴적물 시료에서는 Gammaproteobacteria에 속하는 미동정 속이 가장 우점하였다. 그러나 두 서식처 모두에서 5% 이상의 점유율을 보인 속의 수는 10 속 미만으로 소수였으며, 낮은 점유율을 갖는 많은 종류의 세균들이 군집 내에 공존하는 공통적인 특성이 나타났다. 본 연구의 세균 다양성 연구는 동해 저층 해수 및 퇴적물의 세균 다양성에 대한 특성의 이해와 더불어 $CO_2$ 해양지중저장 사업의 진행에 따른 세균의 다양성 및 기능 변화에 대한 사전 자료 및 해역이용영향평가 배경 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. Bacteria play an important role in biogeochemical cycles in marine environments and their functional attributes in ecosystems depend primarily on species composition. In this study, seasonal variation of bacterial diversity was investigated by pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA in surface sediment and overlying seawater collected in the south East Sea, planned for the site of $CO_2$ sequestration by the carbon capture and storage (CCS) project. Gammaproteobacteria was dominant in the sediment in most seasons, whereas Alphaproteobacteria was a most dominant group in the overlying water. Thus, the bacterial diversity greatly differ between sediment and seawater samples. On the genus level, bacterial diversity between two habitats was also different. However, the number of genera found over 5% were less than 10 in both habitats and the bacterial community was composed of a number of diverse minor or rare genera. Elevation of $CO_2$ concentration during a $CO_2$ storage process, could result in change of bacterial diversity. Thus, this study will be very useful to access the effect of $CO_2$ on bacterial diversity and to predict functional change of the ecosystem during the process of CCS project.

한국 동해 남부해역 대륙붕에 서식하는 대형저서동물군집 공간분포를 결정하는 환경요인

이정호,이정석,박영규,강성길,최태섭,김병모,류종성,Lee, Jung-Ho,Lee, Jung-Suk,Park, Young-Gyu,Kang, Seong-Gil,Choi, Tae Seob,Gim, Byeong-Mo,Ryu, Jongseong 한국해양학회 2014 바다 Vol.19 No.1

본 연구는 동해 남부 이산화탄소 해저지중저장 후보지 주변 수심 100-500 m 해역에서 저서생태계의 공간분포와 이를 결정하는 환경요인을 이해하기 위해 수행되었다. 2012년 8월-9월 총 16개 정점에서 대형저서동물군집과 환경요인을 조사하였다. 총 158종의 저서동물이 채집되었으며, 평균 서식밀도는 $843indiv/m^2$, 평균 생물량(습중량)은 $26.2g\;WW/m^2$로 나타났으며, 생물다양성이 높은 지역에서 주로 서식밀도가 높았다. 측정된 33개 환경변수를 대상으로 주성분분석을 실시한 결과 조사해역의 저서환경은 크게 퇴적물환경, 저층해수환경, 수심에 의해 지배된다. 저서동물의 분포는 세 가지 주성분과 밀접한 관련을 보였는데, 특히 사질함량이 많은 정점일수록 출현종수가 많아지고 생물량은 적어지는 경향이 관찰되었다. 조개 2종을 포함한 우점종 6종은 ${\Omega}$ aragonite, ${\Omega}$ calcite 농도가 높은 곳을 선호하였는데, 이 종들은 이산화탄소 유입으로 인해 해양산성화가 진행되면 가장 먼저 피해를 입을 수 있는 생물로 판단된다. 저서동물 상위 1% 우점종의 종조성을 바탕으로 집괴분석한 결과 지리적으로 뚜렷하게 구분되는 4개의 정점군이 분류되었다. 각 정점군은 고유의 저층해수 및 퇴적물 환경을 보이고 있으며, 대표적인 특성종으로는 A) Ampelisca miharaensis, (B) Edwardsioides japonica, (C) Maldane cristata, (D) Spiophanes kroeyeri을 들 수 있다. 측정이 용이한 5개의 환경요인(수심, 사질함량, 수온, 염분, pH)을 이용하여 4개의 정점군을 정확도 100%로 예측할 수 있는 판별함수모델을 제시하였다. 조사지역의 저서동물군집은 환경요인과 밀접한 관계를 보이고 있으며, 이는 환경변수에 기반하여 저서동물 분포를 예측할 수 있는 통계적모델 개발 가능성을 시사한다. This study aims to understand environmental factors that determine spatial distribution of macrozoobenthic community in the southern area (ca 100-500 m depth) of East Sea, Korea, known as a candidate site for carbon storage under the seabed. From sixteen locations sampled in the summer of 2012, a total of 158 species were identified, showing density of $843indiv/m^2$ and biomass of $26.2g\;WW/m^2$, with increasing faunal density towards biologically higher diverse locations. Principal component analysis showed that a total of 33 environmental parameters were reduced to three principal components (PC), indicating sediment, bottom water, and depth, respectively. As sand content was increasing, number of species increased but biomass decreased. Six dominant species including two bivalve species favored high concentrations of ${\Omega}$ aragonite and ${\Omega}$ calcite, indicating that the corresponding species can be severely damaged by ocean acidification or $CO_2$ effluent. Cluaster analysis based on more than 1% density dominant species classified the entire study area into four faunal assemblage (location groups), which were delineated by characteristic species, including (A) Ampelisca miharaensis, (B) Edwardsioides japonica, (C) Maldane cristata, (D) Spiophanes kroeyeri, and clearly separated in terms of geography, bottom water and sediment environment. Overall, a discriminant function model was developed to predict four faunal assemblages from five simply-measured environmental variables (depth, sand content in sediment, temperature, salinity and pH in bottom water) with 100% accuracy, implying that benthic faunal assemablages are closed linked to certain combinations of abiotic factors.

이산화탄소 증가로 인한 해수 산성화가 해양생물에 미치는 영향평가 및 생태영향기준 도출

김병모(Byeong-Mo Gim),최태섭(Tae Seob Choi),이정석(Jung-Suk Lee),박영규(Young-Gyu Park),강성길(Seong-Gil Kang),전의찬(Ei-Chan Jeon) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2014 한국해양환경·에너지학회지 Vol.17 No.2