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홍희옥,Woo Jung Kim,Sang Ho Yoo,Tae Jin Kim,Young Jin Kim,Byung Moon Jung,Sung Seob Yun,황성구,Oliver D. Abanto 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.3
It has been thought that soybean products rich in phytoestrogenic isoflavones are effective in promoting bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats. However, it is not clear if such an effect can be changed by germination of soybean and can be observed in growing males. The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of different concentrations of dietary ungerminated and germinated soybean (UGS and GS, respectively) on bone metabolism in young male rats. Forty-nine 6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to seven dietary treatment groups: AIN 93G (control); control with UGS powder at 3% (UGS-L), 15% (UGS-M), or 30% (UGS-H); and control with GS powder at 3% (GS-L), 15% (GS-M), or 30% (GS-H). The biomarkers of bone metabolism (plasma and urinary Ca and P) and the physical properties and mineral content of bones were measured. Plasma osteocalcin and urinary deoxypyridinoline levels were not affected by soybean diets. The plasma P level was significantly elevated by dietary soybeans (P<.001). However, there was a negative correlation (r=−0.555) between plasma P level and dietary UGS level (P<.01). Between the UGS and GS groups, the P level of the GS-M group was significantly higher than that of the UGS-M group (P<.001). The tibial weight was decreased with low to medium doses of soybeans, but not with higher levels. Femoral bone strength was improved in the UGS-H, GS-M, and GS-H groups. The P contents of femoral and tibial bones were increased in all UGS groups as well as in GS-M and GS-H groups. In conclusion, soybean supplementation in young growing male rats improved bone mineralization and bone strength.
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Pathophysiological Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Psychiatric Disorders
홍희옥,김병선,임혜인 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2016 International Neurourology Journal Vol.20 No.S1
Brain diseases and disorders such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, depression, schizophrenia, autism, and addiction lead to reduced quality of daily life through abnormal thoughts, perceptions, emotional states, and behavior. While the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, human and animal studies have supported a role of neuroinflammation in the etiology of these diseases. In the central nervous system, an increased inflammatory response is capable of activating microglial cells, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. In turn, the pro-inflammatory cytokines aggravate and propagate neuroinflammation, degenerating healthy neurons and impairing brain functions. Therefore, activated microglia may play a key role in neuroinflammatory processes contributing to the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders and neurodegeneration.
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홍희옥,남기택,손종연,정우석,황성구,남인식,Oliver D. Abanto 한국축산식품학회 2010 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.30 No.4
This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary low grade soybean, fermented with Aspergillus oryzae (FSB 1) or Bacillus subtilis var. natto (FSB 2), on egg production and quality, fat and cholesterol content, and the fatty acid (FA)profile of eggs by lipid layer. A total of 18 Hi-Line strain layers, 22 wk of age, were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments: no fermented soybean (control), control with 15% FSB 1 (C + FSB 1), and control with 15% FSB 2 (C + FSB 2). The rate of egg production and egg weight were evaluated between two periods: one was from the 1st to 4th wk and the other was from the 5th to 8th wk. At the 8th wk, a total of 30 eggs were randomly selected from each treatment group and analyzed for physical quality, fat content, fatty acid composition and cholesterol content. The results showed that egg production was increased in hens fed with diets containing fermented soybeans from the 5th to 8th wk period (p<0.01). A similar tendency was observed through eight weeks' cumulative egg production (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in egg production between the C + FSB 1 and C + FSB 2 treatment groups (p>0.05). Egg weight and other physical properties did not vary between treatment groups (p>0.05). Egg yolks among different treatment groups were similar in fat content,but egg yolks in the C + FSB 1 and C + FSB 2 groups had lower oleic acid (p<0.05), higher linoleic, α-linolenic, and arachidonic acids (p<0.01), and lower cholesterol content (p<0.05) than those in the control group. In conclusion, supplementation of fermented low grade soybeans might be useful as a functional feedstuff to improve egg production and quality for a healthy human diet.
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홍희옥,Won Jai Maeng 한국식품영양과학회 2004 Journal of medicinal food Vol.7 No.4
This study investigated the therapeutic effects of a malted barley extract (MBE), and banaba extract on blood glucose, insulin, and other biochemical parmedters in genetically diabetic mice(C57BLKS/J-m+/+/Leprdb). The mice were divided into three groups; control, MBE, and banaba according to supplementation. Both MBE and banaba extracts were orally administered to the animals for 12 weeks at doses of 62.5㎎/ kg bw and 0.8㎎/ kg bw, respectively . The body and organ (liver and kidney) weights were not different among groups. Fasting blood glucose was significantly lower in the MBE group compared with the control (p<0.05). Hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) content was significantly lower in MBE group compared with either the control or banaba group(p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the serum insulin level among groups. The glucose-6 phosphatase activity in kidney was significantly lower in both the MBE and banaba groups compared to the control group(p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between MBE and banaba groups. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrate that malted barley extract alleviates many of the symptoms of diabetes in genetically obese mice; and offers promise as a therapeutic supplement for the normalization of blood glucose levels in humans with hyperglycemia and may have beneficial effects on patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
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Monascus ruber-Fermented Buckwheat (Red Yeast Buckwheat) Suppresses Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells
홍희옥,박지영,Wenchie L. Lumbera,황성구 한국식품영양과학회 2017 Journal of medicinal food Vol.20 No.4
Although various treatments have been used for weight loss to date, obese people rarely have safe and effective treatment options. Therefore, the antiobesity effects of several natural compounds are being actively investigated. This study was conducted to investigate the antiadipogenic effects of Monascus ruber-fermented Fagopyrum esculentum (red yeast buckwheat, RYB) in 3T3-L1 cells. We assessed the intracellular lipid content and adipocyte differentiation by oil red O staining and the expression of genes and proteins associated with adipocyte differentiation by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and western blotting in 3T3-L1 cells. RYB dose dependently inhibited 3T3-L1 cell differentiation at concentrations of 50–800 μg/mL, without cytotoxic effects. It also suppressed the expression of adipogenic transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, and adipocyte-specific genes, such as adipocyte fatty acid—binding protein (aP2), fatty acid synthase, and leptin, during preadipocyte differentiation into adipocytes. Furthermore, RYB reduced cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and cyclin expression and increased p21 and p27 expression, thus causing cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase. Collectively, these results suggest that RYB may be an effective nutraceutical for weight loss as indicated by its ability to suppress adipogenesis-specific gene expression and cause cell cycle arrest at the G1/S interphase.
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Effects of transport stress on physiological responses and milk production in lactating dairy cows
홍희옥,이은채,이인형,이상락 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.3
Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of transport stress on physiological and hematological responses and milk performance in lactating dairy cows. Methods: Ten lactating dairy cows were randomly divided into 2 groups. The treatment group (TG) was transported 200 km for 4 h by truck, and the control group (NTG) was restrained by stanchion for 4 h in Konkuk University farm. Blood and milk samples were collected at 24 h pre-transport; 1, 2, and 4 h during transport; and 2, 24, and 48 h post-transport. Milk yields were measured at 24 h pre-transport, 0 h during transport, and 24, 48, and 72 h post-transport. Results: Leukocyte, neutrophil, and monocyte numbers in the TG were significantly higher than those of the NTG at each experimental time point. Lymphocyte numbers in the TG were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the NTG at 48 h post-transport. Additionally, the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio of the TG was 45% and 46% higher than that of the NTG at 4 h during transport and 2 h post-transport, respectively. There were no significant differences in erythrocyte numbers, hemoglobin concentrations, platelet numbers, and hematocrit percentages between two groups. Cortisol levels in the TG were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in the NTG. Milk yields in the TG were lower than those in the NTG. The somatic cell count (SCC) of the TG was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the NTG at 1 and 2 h during transport; that of the TG increased dramatically at 1 h during transport and gradually decreased subsequently. Conclusion: Transport stress increased blood parameters including leucocyte, neutrophil, and monocyte numbers by increased cortisol levels, but did not affect erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. Additionally, transport resulted in a decrease in milk yield and reduced milk quality owing to an increase in milk SCC.
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Characteristics of Chinese chives (Allium tuberosum) fermented by Leuconostoc mesenteroides
홍희옥,Kai-Min Niu,이준형,조상범,한성구,김수기 한국응용생명화학회 2016 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.59 No.3
This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of bioactive compounds in Chinese chives juice (FC) fermented with Leuconostoc mesenteroides SK1962, a lactic acid bacteria isolated from Kim-chi. L. mesenteroides SK1962 only (LO) was used as comparison. The pH of FC gradually decreased from 6.21 to 4.23 during the 48-h incubation period, which was similar to that of LO. The growth of L. mesenteroides SK1962 in FC was higher compared with that in LO for various incubation times, with the exception of the 8-h incubation. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in FC were higher as compared with those in LO during incubation, leading to increased antioxidant activity in FC at different incubation times. Moreover, FC was more effective than LO in reduction of superoxide free radical production in primary bovine mammary alveolar cells. In addition, FC demonstrated antibacterial properties against pathogenic bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes, Pantoea agglomerans, Haemophilus parasuis, Salmonella gallinarum, Escherichia coli O157, and Burkholderia. sp. Although LO also showed antibacterial effects against the above-mentioned pathogenic bacteria, its antibacterial activities were generally lower compared with those of FC. The results show that the antioxidant and antibacterial activities in Chinese chives was induced by fermentation with L. mesenteroides SK 1962. In conclusion, fermentation may lead to an increase in bioactive compounds including total polyphenol and flavonoid.
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