최신판례분석 : 검사 작성 피의자신문조서의 진정성립의 입증방법으로 ‘그 밖의 객관적인 방법` - 대법원 2016. 2. 18. 선고 2015도16586 판결 -

천진호1 ( Chun Jin Ho ) 법조협회 2016 法曹 Vol.65 No.8

2007. 6. 1. 시행된 제17차 형사소송법은 제312조 제2항에서 검사 작성의 피의자신문조서의 실질적 진정 성립을 입증하는 방법으로 영상녹화물이나 그 밖의 객관적인 방법을 새롭게 도입하면서, 같은 조 제5항에서 피고인 또는 피고인이 아닌 자가 수사과정에서 작성한 진술서에도 이를 준용하는 것으로 규정하고 있다. 형사소송법 개정 이후 영상녹화물의 증거능력에 대해서도 여전히 견해가 대립되고 있을 뿐 아니라, 제312조 제2항에서 규정하고 있는 ‘그 밖의 객관적인 방법`에 수사과정에 참여한 변호인이나 조사자 또는 통역인의 진술이 이에 해당하는지가 여전히 다투어지고 있다. 대상판결에 의하면 검사 작성의 피의자신문저서의 실질적 진정 성립의 입증방법은 조서의 내용과 검사 앞에서의 진술 내용을 대조할 수 있는 수단으로서의 객관성이 보장되어 있어 있어야 한다는 점에서, ‘객관적인 방법`은 영상녹화물에 필적할 만큼 강력한 증명력을 갖춘 것이어야 한다. 따라서 대상판결은 피고인을 피의자로 조사하였거나 그 조사에 참여하였던 자들의 증언은 오로지 해당 증언자의 주관적 기억 능력에 의존할 수밖에 없어 객관성이 보장되어 있다고 보기 어렵다는 점을 이유로 검사의 피고인에 대한 피의자신문시 피고인의 진술을 통역한 통역인의 증언은 내심의 기억에 불과하여 이를 ‘객관적인 방법`에 해당한다고 볼 수 없다고 해석하고 있다. 형사소송의 가장 기본적인 원칙인 공판중심주의와 전문진술증거의 증거능력을 제한하고 있는 전문법칙의 관점에서 볼 때 검사 작성의 피의자신문조서의 실질적 진정 성립을 입증하기 위해서는 영상녹화물과 같이 인위적인 편집이나 조작의 가능성이 낮은 과학적ㆍ기계적인 방법에 제한되어야 한다. 또한 제312조 제2항을 개정할 당시의 입법취지를 고려한 목적론적 해석과 체계적 해석의 관점에서 보더라도 하며, 피의자신문에 참여한 변호인의 진술이나 조사자의 증언은 ‘그 밖의 객관적인 방법`에 해당하지 않는다고 해석하는 것이 타당하다. 나아가 ‘그 밖의 객관적인 방법`이라는 추상적ㆍ포괄적 표현으로 인한 해석의 혼란을 불식시키기 위해 입법적으로는 ‘영상녹화물과 같은 기계적인 방법`과 같이 구체적으로 이를 규정해야 할 것이다. June 1, 2007 the 17th Criminal Procedure Code has introduced a new video recordings or other objective methods as a way to prove the authenticity of the formation of substantially suspect interrogation depositions, written by inspection(§312②). And it is applying it to self-written statement in the investigation process, not the defendant or defendants in criminal procedure code §312⑤. The opinion about the competence of the Criminal Procedure evidence video recordings after the amendment has been opposed. And then this other objective methods, attorney or investigator or translator who participated in the investigation process in this statement of opinion about whether it is appropriate to vary. According to the Supreme Court, it proves the authenticity of the written record established for questioning suspects inspection method as a means to verify the objectivity of the statements before the contents of the dossier and the inspection is to be ensured. Such methods shall have the force of a powerful proof comparable to video recordings. Thus, the Supreme Court stated the person attending to investigate the cases examined the defendant or the defendant sees that there is no objectivity. So one of the translations of the defendant`s testimony is not stated interpretation can be seen as the only objective way to subjective memory of an individual. Criminal Procedure Code has adopted the system of justice, the trial center. With this in principle it does not admit the evidence of the ability to hear statements that passes through the others. This is called hearsay rule. From this point of view, In order to prove the veracity of the test is satisfied record statements of the accused in writing shall be limited to the lowest possibility of the scientific method and the mechanical method of editing and manipulation. In addition, even from the point of view of legislative intent or teleological interpretation of time to amend the second paragraph 312 of Criminal Procedure, testimony of a lawyer`s statement and investigators who participated in the suspects questioned is reasonable to interpret does not apply to any other objective methods.

수사권행사의 기본원칙과 인권보장

천진호(Jin Ho Chun) 한국비교형사법학회 2001 비교형사법연구 Vol.3 No.1

N/A

불능미수범의 ‘결과발생 불가능’과 관련한 해석상의 문제점

천진호(Chun Jin-Ho) 동아대학교 법학연구소 2008 東亞法學 Vol.- No.42

Im Ergebnis soll die Entscheidung fur den untauglichen Versuch nicht von der Gefahrlichkeit als Strafgrund des Versuchs, sondern von dem Irrtum uber Mittel oder Objekt als Grund der Erfolglosigkeit abhanigig sein. Die heftige Diskussion um den Massstab fur die Gefahrlichkeit im untauglichen Versuch stammt aus der unkritischen Aufnahme der Lehre im Rahmen des Strafgrundes des Versuchs in Deutschland. Bei der Auslegung des untauglichen Versuchs(§ 27 kStGB) handelt es sich darum, die Bedeutung der Tatbestandsmerkmale ‘Unmoglichkeit der Deliktsvollendung’, ‘Irrtum uber Mittel oder Objekt’ und ‘Gefahrlichkeit der Handlung’ zu konkretisieren. Der Unterschied zwischen dem tauglichen und untauglichen Versuch zeigt sich also die Moglichkeit der tatbestandlichen Vollendung. Eine Diskution uber das gefahrliche untaugliche Versuch und die ungefahrliche Untauglichenvornahme ist nur moglich, wenn eine Tat die allgemeinen Tatbestande des Versuches erfuhlt. Danach die aberglaubischen Versuche oder irreale Versuche, wie z. B. mit dem Beten oder dem Zucker ein Mensch toten will, sollten in dieser Diskution ausgenommen werden, weil sie kein tatbestandlichen Vorsatz haben konnten. Und ‘Unmoglichkeit der Deliktsvollendung’ nicht bedeutet tatsachlichen und empirischen Begriff, sondern normativen Begriff. Man wird das Merkmal ‘Unmoglichkeit der Deliktsvollendung’ auf nomologische Zustande beschranken mussen, und nicht auf faktische ausdehnen durfen. Und es darf dabei hochstens eine abstrakte Gefahr fur das geschutzte Rechtsgut eingetreten sein. Nach dem Urteil eines einsichtigen Menschen, der sich in die Position des Taters vor der Tat versetzt, besteht diese normative Unmoglichkeit der Deliktsvollendung. Im Begriff ‘Irrtum uber Mittel oder Objekt’ konnen sowohl ontologische Irrtumer als auch nomologische Irrtumer umgefasst werden, und die Unmoglichkeit der Deliktsvollendung soll fachmannisch, namlich von demjenigen, der entsprechende fachmannische Erkenntnisse besitzt, festgelegt werden.

증거방법으로서 영상녹화물 활용 방안 연구

천진호(Chun Jin-Ho) 동아대학교 법학연구소 2011 東亞法學 Vol.- No.52

본 연구에서는 2010.12.20. 법무부가 수사과정에서 작성된 영상녹화물을 독자적인 증거방법으로 인정하는 내용을 담아 입법예고한 「형사소송법 일부개정법률안」에 대한 비판적 관점에서 먼저 수사과정 영상녹화의 형사소송법적 의미를 살펴보고(Ⅱ), 수사과정 영상녹화의 유형과 영상녹화물의 진정성 확보방안(Ⅲ)과 진술증거로서 영상녹화물의 증거능력(Ⅳ)에 대해 고찰한 것으로, 전문증거에 해당하는 검사 작성의 피의자신문조서의 증거능력과 관련하여 그 예외의 길을 열고자 하는 접근은 어떠튼 수사과정에서 수집하는 피의자 또는 참고인의 진술을 실체 판단의 유력한 증거로 사용하고자 하는 인식에서 출발하고 있다고 보여진다. 공판중심주의의 실천적 의미는 법정이라는 장소를 중시하여 법정에서 사건의 실체 파악에 필요한 자료와 정보를 현출하고, 검사와 피고인 그리고 변호인이 모두 출석하여 추장과 입을 하는 공간인 법정에서 나타난 정보를 중심으로 당사자의 변론과 추가입증 및 반증이 이루어져야 하며, 사실판단자는 법정 외에서 얻은 정보를 자신의 판단자료로 삼아서는 안된다는 점이다. 공개된 법정에서 구두에 의하여 변론을 행할 때에만 법관은 공판정에서의 심리를 통하여 심증을 얻을 수 있고, 공판정에서 반대심문의 기회를 주면서 직접 조사한 증거에 의하여 심증을 형성하여야 법관은 정확한 심증을 얻을 수 있고, 피고인도 변명의 기회를 가질 수 있기 때문이다. 이러한 공판중심주의를 전제로 하여 공판절차에서는 피고인을 보호하기 위한 기본원칙이 의미를 가질 수 있게 되며, 정의와 법적 안정성 및 비례성의 원칙이라는 법치국가원리의 내재적 본질요소가 실현될 수 있게 된다. 지금까지 형사재판의 모습은 공판정에서 이루어지는 진술의 구체적 내용을 들어보려는 노력보다는 수사기관 작성의 조서와 공판정에서의 진술 내용이 왜 틀리는 지를 추궁하는데 주력하거나, 새로운 주장이 나온 경우 새로운 주장의 허위 여부를 판단하는데 주력하고 있었다는 비판을 면할 수 없다. 원칙을 벗어난 왜곡된 수사관행과 공판중심주의에 충실한 형사재판의 모습을 제자리로 돌려놓기 위해서는 형사사법체계의 패러다임을 전면적으로 수정할 필요가 있다는 점에서 검사 또는 사법경찰관이 작성한 피고인 또는 피고인 아닌 자의 진술을 내용으로 하는 영상녹화물도 조서에 준하여 증거능력을 인정하는 내용을 담은 법무부의 ?형사소송법 일부개정법률안?은 재검토되어야 한다. The current Criminal Procedure Code the recording system which records the investigation process of the criminal must interpret protocol of examination that will not be able to substitute. In compliance with the Criminal Procedure Code illegal to video tape the statement features and a contents of the criminal, admissibility of evidence will not be able to recognize because is an evidence which is collected. But the legal practical affairs and to between scholars was visible a different view about visual recording evidence value. but Amends several times Criminal Procedure Code and under using visual recording, but the use is not becoming actually well. There is cause which is various with the reason where visual recording system which is introduced with difficult is not applied actively. Avoiding the opposition of the opinion which what is presented from discussion process and the shape which is negotiate and with the features which is strange drawing to do rather changing probably is not, there is a necessity which will look back. In order to apply with visual recording evidence amends the Criminal Procedure Code to be, the meaning which the visual recording system from criminal action and investigation about the opinion which is discussed. To understand the meaning which the visual recording system and to investigate the visual recording will be able to apply with evidence in order, must amend the Criminal Procedure Code.

사회상규에 위배되지 아니하는 행위 에 대한 비판적 고찰

천진호(Jin Ho Chun) 한국비교형사법학회 2001 비교형사법연구 Vol.3 No.2

N/A

제7회 한증 형법 국제 학술심포지움 : 국제형법의 국내적 수용에 관한 논의현황과 주요 내용

천진호 ( Jin Ho Chun ) 한국비교형사법학회 2009 비교형사법연구 Vol.11 No.2

Due to the impact of internationalization and globalization of foreign crimes is increasing. As a result, the field of criminal law that the state is expanding the scope of cooperation. The Republic of Korea`s economic growth since 1990 while human and material exchanges with foreign countries grew, the influence due to the Republic of Korea from committing a crime criminals fleeing abroad is also increasing. The phenomenon of the internationalization of crime while faster terrorism, drug trafficking, human trafficking and international organized crime has also increased. And foreign citizens from increased crime carried a sentence in a foreign country, as well as citizens serving in foreign countries was also increased, as a result, the state of criminal law the principle of substantial part of the correction was inevitable. For international crimes, International Criminal Law traditionally does not conflict with the sovereignty of foreign countries within the area of criminal law applicable to a range of prescribed laws and regulations of the Penal Code is the coverage of place. Today, however, the effect on the results of a foreign court, enforcement, transfer of foreign criminal procedure and criminal judicial cooperation, criminal jurisdiction, including information on international transport prisoners are being expanded. The international criminal court, depending on the expansion of Korea`s tendency to create Law of Treaty on Extradition and Criminal justice assistance law are implemented. The current July 2009, for criminal justice cooperation treaties with 26 countries was signed, a crime that can be transported into the country and 29 countries and signed treaties. And Romes Statute of the International Criminal Court, Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons CETS No.: 112 for a concrete realization, the International Criminal Court the jurisdiction to punish for criminal law and international transport prisoners and law enforcement is to establish. South Korea and China to increase exchanges between the real human situation, in March 2009 is currently detained in prison, the Republic of Korea, China National convicts 124 people, in May 2009 drafts are currently in prison in the Republic of Korea Chinese prisoners of 622 people, Therefore, the Republic of Korea is admitted to the prison of the Chinese, the most important foreign prisoners are accounted for. South Korea and China in the lively exchanges between the crimes committed by South Korea who was also raised to increase the possibility that prisoners will continue to grow as a result is expected. Prisoners housed in prisons in China are Korean language communication problems, such as treatment issues and are experiencing many difficulties in ensuring the basic rights. So, families of prisoners and prisoners in this area needs improvement, and for transporting prisoners and the results have a high interest in the treaty is being evaluated. Mongolia, South Korea by the practical need for these (Mongolia, 2007.5.28. Signed, August 23, 2008 effective) as second only to China, May 27, 2008 "Treaty between the Republic of Korea and the People`s Republic of China on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons" was signed. And July 6, 2009 Different countries has been confined to prison for convicts sentenced to the punishment of his country`s remaining period of the certificate in their home country to send the treaty were exchanged. The treaty for the rest of the prisoners by more than 1 year if they want the rest of the nation`s prison and was able to. The Treaty of August 5, 2009 Republic of Korea and China becoming effective extradition treaties, mutual legal assistance treaty criminal and civil judicial cooperation and mutual legal assistance treaties with all the major treaties have been effective. In this study, increasing phenomenon of international criminal justice cooperation in accordance with acceptable international criminal law on the domestic level and the main topics discussed extradition system, on the International Criminal Court Rome Statute, the international system and the prisoners transferred the contents of the relevant international conventions and examine the status of agreement. And Law of Treaty on Extradition, International Criminal Court jurisdiction over the crime rate on the penalty law, Convicts transported International Law look at some of the key information, and should.

범죄피해자의 권리 확보방안

천진호(Chun, Jin-Ho) 한국피해자학회 2007 被害者學硏究 Vol.15 No.1

The human rights of the suspect and the accused very is important from criminal case process. It takes but also the human rights of the crime victim must be respected and it is and the righteous criminal case judicial system is possible. From like this viewpoint it began the legal position of the victim from criminal case process and the discussion regarding a victim protective necessity ! or a justifiability sprouted the whole long and it was proposed. Today the problem of 'victim protection', victim support' or the position reinforcement of the victim from criminal case administration of justice is rising with focus issue. This research first tries to observe the result of victim protection and the past which relates with a support. And the fact that from the current law it is guaranteed with right of the victim. Foundation it does like this fact, In order to strengthen the right of the crime victim it tries to search a new method. And from this research, in order to strengthen the right of the crime victim will present the legal ground. Also being various for the right reinforcement of the victim, it makes a policy and the ground which is necessary to an execution will make.

결과적 가중범과 중지미수

천진호(Chun Jin-Ho),조상제, 문채규 한국형사법학회 2006 刑事法硏究 Vol.26 No.-

경제범죄에 대한 정책적 대응방안

천진호 ( Jin Ho Chun ) 한국형사정책학회 2006 刑事政策 Vol.18 No.1

First of all, this study examines, in a policy way, a notion of crime related to a sphere of the economical crime that rises in change of an economical domain and then, compares with a traditional economical crime and new one. types of the economical crime rising all over the world, in terms of a present condition and a parallel aspect, are arranged by three category below. Type of crime that occurred in the managemental process, such as a monopoly and an unfair transaction, that make social-ills from unjust managements like offering money for political activities illegally and that cause the personal damage like a ruining people`s health with the indiscreet development. In the theoretical aspect, we analysis economical factors of the crime and examine factors individually with the social aspect. This paper shows to how this country and others are regulating the economical crime with an administrative way and a commercial law(Act) as well as criminal law and how they are letting their administrative organizations operate the political control and prevention, then what problems they have in upper process will be an important issue. As a countermeasure, Problems of legal and political regulation are analyzed in the next step. Especially, this chapter is completed a theoretical construction with the question about how legal restricts operate against the crime and an extent of the legal obligation of companies. Finally, this paper approach the crime with internal and external restricts as the central issue.

保護觀察 關聯法律의 問題點과 改善方案

千鎭豪(Chun Jin-Ho) 한국형사법무정책연구원 1999 형사정책연구 Vol.40 No.-