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조정봉(Cho Jeong Bong) 한국교육철학회 2017 교육철학 Vol.63 No.-
I agree with Paulo Freire in that literacy education is not merely a process designed for reading letters and words but for reading the world. As he knew the social character of learning language, he never agreed with the opinion that we can separate the political struggle and literacy education movement. The neutrality of education prefer the language of educator rather than educatee, so the educational method is just pouring the words into the head of educatee. The participants of the cultural circle critically analyzed the myth of their society they lived in. They realized that they are not unable, insincere, and lazy in the cultural circle. They dreamed a new world where they are respected by the people, and can practice literacy process and political struggle for freedom. I hope the educational philosophy of Paulo Freire will not be forgotten in our country even though the period of illiterate person was gone. The important message he gave to us is the politics of education should be recognized by the educators, and the educational movement should be practiced with social change. For this purpose, I wrote about the coordinator, participant, and educational content of the cultural circle in ‘Brazil’ and ‘Sao Tome and Principe’.
조정봉 경북대학교 사범대학 부속 중등교육연구소 2005 중등교육연구 Vol.53 No.2
야학을 자생적 '우리교육론'으로 정립해보려 한다. 역사적 난관에 처할수록, 교사들은 당대 그 곳의 삶의 현장, 민중의 삶의 고통을 깊이 이해하려하고, '교육'이라는 문화적 방편을 통해 일제의 민족침략에 저항한다. 이 연구는 야학이 마을 '속에서' 이루어진 사회 문화적 활동이었다는 것, 다시 말해 마을은 삶의 현장이었고, 야학은 삶의 현장을 구성하는 목적의식적인 활동이었음을 밝히려고 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 신문기사와 재판기록을 토대로 하여 마을이 야학의 과정과 결과에 대해 책임을 졌음을 양적 · 질적 지표를 통해 확인할 것이다. The school of Nodong Yahak was erected in a village that had a traditional admiration of human knowledge. The village worked as a supporting system for the teachings of Yahak. The hidden educational relationship had already existed before Nodong Yahak was ever erected in the village. This study takes a third point of view about Yahak. Yahak was erected for the study of academics more so than for enlightenment or political struggle, but it dovetailed with educational practices within the village itself. The students of Nodong Yahak learned Korean history, Korean geography, and philosophy. They also learned that social practice was as important as acquiring human knowledge. A major component of the educational content of Nodong Yahak was an intimate relationship with our tradition of admiring human knowledge. This is a key point for researchers to understand about Nodong Yahak that was erect in a village.
미국 야학에 대한 비판적 이해 : 성인을 위한 ESL 수업을 중심으로
조정봉 경북대학교 사범대학부속 중등교육연구소 2003 중등교육연구 Vol.51 No.2
This study summarizes my impressions of English As a Second Language(ESL) classes for adult(Yahak) in the USA. I agree with Paulo Freire in that literacy education is not merely a process designed for reading letters and words but for reading a country`s entire way of life. From this point of view, I collected many ideas about ESL classes(Yahak) during my stay in the USA, and participated in one such class for a year. It occurred to me that there are many things in common between an ESL class(Yahak) and a Korean class in Japanese Imperialism. We students were encouraged to learn to speak English. It is interesting that Americans are not so equally pressed to learn foreign languages. Perhaps Americans feel that everyone the world over should learn English. However, if cultures are to maintain their diversity and integrity, even Americans should be encouraged to learn to speak foreign languages. Just as we learn English while traveling in America, perhaps Americans should learn the language of the country to which they are traveling. To fail to do so will be another step toward animosity between nations and the breakdown of the sovereign culture of all non-American countries. In every country there is profound meaning behind it`s culture, including it`s unique language, artistic life, customs and history that could be lost forever if time in the not-too-distant future when the need for economic development may do battle with the need to preserve a nation`s culture, language, history and environment. One must ask oneself which of the two is more important.