산마늘의 아미노산 함량과 생리활성 효과

조자용,박윤점,오대민,류동영,김영선,천상욱,강성선,허북구 한국자원식물학회 2011 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Abstract - This study was conducted to gather the basic data on the alpine leek (Allium victorialis) for the expand of consumption and the production of its manufactured goods. Amino acid content in alpine leek leaves and various physiological activities were examined. Seventeen component amino acids and 38 free amino acids from alpine leek leaves were analyzed, and the total contents were 2,693.28 mg/100g for component amino acids and 535.39 mg/100g for free amino acids. Total phenolic compounds in the leaves of alpine leek showed the highest level from the methanol extract (37.7 mg/ℓ), and followed by ethanol extract (31.9 mg/ℓ) and hot water extract (25.4 mg/ℓ). Total flavonoid contents in 1,000 mg/ℓ extract was the highest in the methanol extract (22.2 mg/ℓ). DPPH radical scavenging activity at 1,000 mg/ℓ extract was high in the order of ethanol extract (51.6%), methanol extract (47.3%) and hot water extract (37.2%). nitrite radical scavenging activity Methanol extract from Allium victorialis leaves was the highest nitrite radical scavenging activity (79.5%). Hyperplasia suppression of lung cancer cells (Calu-6) and gastric cancer cells (SNU-601) by the methanol extract from the bulb of alpine leek were 99.9% in the extracting concentration of over 200 mg/ℓ. No significant difference in antimicrobial activity among the 3 different solvents and extract concentrations was observed, and the inhibition zones against the gram-positive and negative microorganisms were ranged from 8.23 to 10.15 mm. It was concluded that physiological activities in a human body could be improved by the intake of alpine leek as a pharmaceutical material, and that it would be useful for the prevention of health risk such as lung and gastric cancers.

장수고

조자용,Jo, Ja-Yong 대한건축사협회 1973 建築士 Vol.1973 No.6

벽사의 미술

조자용,Jo, Ja-Yong 대한건축사협회 1970 建築士 Vol.5 No.5

비비추 나물 자생지의 생태환경과 근권미생물상

조자용 전남도립대학교 2005 전남도립대학교 논문집 Vol.7 No.-

This study was conducted to investigate into the ecological environments and the soil microflora of purple-bracted plantain lily (Hosta longψes Matsumura) for wild vgetables. Native soil textures of purple-bracted plantain lily were in the order of sandy loam (SL) > loam (L) > clay loam (CL). pH in soil was relatively acid by 4.8, electric conductivity was 0.08mS/cm, and organic matter content was 0.08g/kg. CEC was measured by 100.8cmol(+)kg-1 and available phosphate was 103.4mg/kg. Contents of exchangeable cations in terms of potassium, calcium, and magnesium were measured by 0.33cmol(+)kg-1, 2.26cmd(+)kg-1, and 0.87cmol(+)kg-1, etc. Diumal changes in the air temperature of the natives were 15 to 20℃, that temperature differentia1 was relatively little compared with that in open field by 15 to 30℃. Relative humidity in the natives were much more humid by 60 to 80% compared with that in open field by 35 to 85%. Light intensity in the natives and the open field at ten o’clock were 2,300μmol/㎡/sec. and 1,750μmol/㎡/sec. Total number of soil microorganisms were 8.4x107 c.f.u./g. Mycorrhiza1 spore densities over 500μm, 355-500μm,250~354μm, 107~250μm and 45~106μm were 0.8, 1.3, 2.1, 38.1, and 110.0 respectively. Mycorrhizal root infections by vesicle and hyphae were 17% and 6%. However, arbuscules in the roots were not shown.

數種의 植物生長促進 根圈細菌이 '녹광' 고추 幼苗의 初期生長에 미치는 影響

조자용,정순주,Cho, Ja-Yong,Chung, Soon-Ju 한국유기농업학회 1998 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.7 No.1

수종의 근권세균류를 시설토양에서 분리한 후 육묘용토에 혼입처리하여 식물생장촉진효과를 측정하였다. 시설토양에서 총 125주의 단일균구를 1차적으로 순수분리하였으며, 고추에서 발생하는 위조병원균, 입고병원균, 및 묘잘록병원균 등에 대하여 항균작용이 우수한 4주의 근권세균을 최종적으로 분리하였다. 항균작용이 가장 높았던 균주로는 RB 109로서 위조병원균에 대해서는 66.0%, 입고병원균에 대해서는 65.0%, 묘잘록병원균에 대해서는 66.1% 정도의 항균작용을 나타내 전반적으로 60% 이상의 길항작용을 갖는 것으로 보였다. 길항성 균주 RB 109의 배양액을 육묘용토에 혼입처리시 고추 유묘의 초기생장이 촉진되었다. 길항성 세균 RB 109를 동정한 결과 Pseudomonas sp.와 82% 정도 유사한 균주로 동정되어 Pseudomonas sp. RB 109로 명명하였다. Various rhizobacteria was isolated, and was bacterialized into the substrates to clarify the plant growth promoting effects of rhizobacteria on the early growth of red peper seedlings. Total 125 bacterial isolates were primarily isolated and purified from the soils in greenhouse. And four strains were finally screened, based on the antifungal activities against Fusarium sp., Pythium sp. and Rhizoctonia sp. of red pepper plants. The strongest antifungal strain RB 109 has a antagonistic activity against Fusarium sp., Pythium sp. and Rhizoctonia sp. in terms of 66.0%, 65.0% and 66.1%. Early growth of red pepper seedlings was promoted, when cultured solution of rhizobacteria RB 109 was bacterialized into the substrates. Antifungal rhizobacteria RB 109 was identified as Pseudomonas sp. related strains, which has a similarity of 82% to the Pseudomonas sp.

딸기 시설재배에서 Arbuscular 균근균의 분포

조자용,허북구,양승렬 한국유기농업학회 2005 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.13 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate into the distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the greenhouse soils grown strawberry plants in Damyang and Jangheung districts. Twenty three soil samples were collected from strawberry plants under greenhouse conditions, and mycorrhizal spores in soils were separated using wet-sieving methods. Number of mycorrhizal spores per 30g fresh soil sized over 500㎛, 355~500㎛, 251~354㎛, 107~250㎛ and 45~106㎛ were 0.3, 1.0, 4.2, 50.4 and 119, etc. Total number of spores per 30g fresh soil were 173.9. Root infection by vesicles and hyphae were 25% and 4%, respectively. Mycorrhizal root infection by arbuscules was not shown in strawberry roots. Isolated mycorrhizal spores were inoculated into the host plant of sudangrass to identify the genus of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and propagated for 4 months. As a result of identification, mass propagated mycorrhizal spores were Glomus sp., Gigaspora sp., and Acaulospora sp., and so on. 전남 담양과 장흥지역을 중심으로 딸기 시설재배에서 발생하는 내생 균근균 (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF)의 분포를 조사하였다. 총 23 농가의 근권 토양을 채취한 후 arbuscular 균근균의 포자를 분리하여 계수한 결과 500㎛ 이상은 0.3개 정도, 355~500㎛는 1.0개 정도, 251~354㎛는 4.2개 정도, 107~250㎛는 50.4개 정도, 45~106㎛는 118개 정도였으며, 토양 30g 당 평균 173.9개 정도의 포자밀도로 arbuscular 균근균이 분포하였다. 딸기 뿌리의 균근 감염 양상을 보면 vesicle 25%, hyphae 4% 등 전체적으로 29% 정도의 감염율을 보였으며, arbuscule은 발견되지 않았다. 분리된 arbuscular 균근균 포자를 수단그라스에 재접종하여 4개월 정도 배양하여 arbuscular 균근균의 동정을 실시한 결과 Glomus sp., Gigaspora sp. 및 Acaulospora sp. 등으로 동정되었다.

Pre-cast Concrete 건축10년의 회상

조자용 대한건축학회 1967 建築 Vol.11 No.1

이 회상문은 필자가 지난 10년 동안 실제로 건축에 응용한 Precast Concrete 건축재 중에서 필자 자신이 독창적으로 고안했다고 생각되는 것들을 중심으로 붓이 가는데로 적어본 것이며 기술적 보고서로 꾸민 것이 아니다. Precast Concrete 건축이란 인기배우의 연극 모양으로 대중의 관심을 끄는 화려한 것이 못되고 이것을 알아줄 사람은 극히 드물다. 이제 그 알아줄 분들에게 나의 지난날의 노력을 발표할 수 있었음을 다행으로 생각하며 또 이 글을 쓸수있게 지난날 Precast Concrete 건축의 기회를 만들어 주신 여러 선배님들과 기간 이 분야에서 고락을 같이 나누어온 여러 동료들에게 이글을 통하여 다시 한번 감사를 드리고저 한다.

나물용 엉겅퀴의 근권에서 Arbuscular 균근균의 분포

조자용,허북구,양승렬 한국유기농업학회 2005 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.13 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate into the marketing states of ‘Hangalku (Cirsium japonicum DC.)’ for the soup stock of wild vegetables with Jangheung as the central districts, and to clarify the distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the native soil and roots of Cirsium japonicum DC. Hangalku for wild vegetables was used for the soup stock with soft leaves and roots. Total fresh and dry weights of leaves per 1,000won were 226.0g and 24.6g. And total root fresh and dry weights by 1,000won were 175.6g and 37.5g. Leaf fresh and dry weights of Hangalku per plant sold for wild vegetables were 9.1g and 0.9g, and number of leaves was 10.8. Root fresh and dry weights of Hangalku per plant were 19.2g and 4.1g. Thirty five soil samples were collected from the native soils grown Cirsium japonicum DC., and mycorrhizal spores in soils were separated using wet-sieving methods. Number of mycorrhizal spores per 30g fresh soil sized over 500㎛, 355~500㎛, 251~354㎛, 107~250㎛ and 45~106㎛ were 0.6, 2.1, 6.0, 55.3 and 126, etc. Total number of mycorrhizal spores per 30g fresh soil were 190. Root infection by vesicles, hyphae and arbuscules were 13%, 4% and 3%, respectively. As a result of identification, mass propagated mycorrhizal spores by the host plant of sudangrass were Glomus sp., Gigaspora sp., and Acaulospora sp., and so on. 전남 장흥을 중심으로 한 서남부권에서 ‘한갈쿠’라는 유통명으로 국거리 용도의 나물로 판매되는 엉겅퀴의 유통 현황과 뿌리에서 발생하는 뿌리 내생 균근균의 분포를 조사하였다. 나물용 한갈쿠는 부드러운 잎 또는 뿌리가 국거리용으로 이용되고 있으며, 1,000원당 한갈쿠 잎의 생체중과 건물중 무게는 226.0g과 24.5g 정도였다. 또 1,000원당 뿌리의 생체중은 175.6g, 건물중은 37.5g 정도였다. 판매되고 있는 나물용 엉겅퀴의 1주당 잎의 생체중은 9.1g, 건물중은 0.9g 정도였으며, 엽수는 평균 10.8매 정도였다. 또한. 뿌리는 생체중이 19.2g, 건물중은 4.1g 정도였다. 총 35개 지역의 근권 토양을 채취한 후 포자를 크기별로 분리하여 계수한 결과 500㎛ 이상은 0.6개 정도, 355~500㎛는 2.1개 정도, 251~354㎛는 6.0개 정도, 107~250㎛는 55.3개 정도, 45~106㎛는 126개 정도였으며, 토양 30g 당 평균 190개 정도의 포자밀도로 분포하였다. 나물용 엉겅퀴의 뿌리에서 내생 균근균에 의한 감염양상을 보면 vesicle 13%, hyphae 4% 및 arbuscule 3% 등 총 20% 정도의 감염율을 보였다. 분리된 포자를 수단그라스에 재접종하여 대량 증식한 후 균근균의 동정을 실시한 결과 Acaulospora sp., Glomus sp. 및 Gigaspora sp. 등으로 동정되었다.

LED 광질이 브로콜리 새싹의 발아, 생장 및 생리활성에 미치는 영향

조자용,김종만,양승렬,배종향,허북구,손동모,서범석 (사) 한국생물환경조절학회 2008 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.17 No.2

. This study was carried out to investigate into the effect of light-emitting diode (LED) for the light quality as a light source on the broccoli seed germination and the physiological activity of vegetable sprouts. We have also germinated seeds of the broccoli and applied LED as a light quality such as blue, green, red, white, yellow and red + blue color lights to their sprouts for 14 hours and kept dark for 10 hours at the temperature of 25oC (day) / 18oC (night). Broccoli sprouts were extracted by methanol and their physiological activities were examined. All broccoli seeds were germinated at 3 days after seeding regardless of the light color. Total sprout fresh weight were mostly became highest by 0.389 g (10 plants) at 8 days after seeding when their sprouts were grown under blue color light. Total phenol compound contents in broccoli sprouts were extremely increased by 83.0 mg • L1 under the white light, and total flavonoid contents were most much more by 72.6 mg • L1 under the blue light. DPPH radical scavenging activity at 2,000 mg • L1 were most highest by 93.5% in broccoli sprouts grown under the white light. Nitrite radical scavenging activity at the concentration of 500 mg • L1 in sprout extracts were the most increased by 66.9% under the yellow light, and tyrosinase inhibition activity at 2,000 mg • L1 in sprout extracts were by 14.5% under red light 브로콜리의 새싹 발아와 생리활성에 효과적인 영향을 미치는 LED 광질 종류를 구명하기 위해 청색, 녹색, 적색, 백색, 황색, 적색+청색광을 조광 14시간, 암조건 10시간, 온도는 주간 25, 야간 18로 조절하여 종자 발아와 새싹을 생장을 시켰다. 생리활성 조사는 새싹을 메탄올로 추출한 것을 이용하여 실시하였다. 종자 발아율은 광의 종류에 관계없이 3일 만에 100%의 발아율을 나타냈다. 파종 후 8일째의 신선중은 청색광 처리구에서 0.389g/10plants으로 가장 높았다. 총페놀화합물 함량은 백색광 처리구에서 83.0mg?-1으로, 총플라보노이드 함량은 청색광 처리구에서 72.6mg?-1로 가장 많았다. 전자공여능은 추출물 2,000mg?-1일 때 백색광 처리구에서 93.5%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 아질산염 소거능은 추출물이 500mg?-1일 때 황색광 처리구에서 66.9%로 가장 높게 나타났다. Tyrosinase 저해 활성은 추출물이 2,000mg?-1일 때 적색광 처리구에서 14.5%로 가장 높게 나타났다.

비비추 나물의 자생지 생태환경과 근권미생물상

조자용,양승렬,허북구 한국유기농업학회 2005 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.13 No.4

This study was conducted to investigate into the ecological environments and the soil microflora of purple-bracted plantain lily (Hosta longipes Matsumura) for wild vgetables. Native soil textures of purple-bracted plantain lily were in the order of sandy loam (SL) > loam (L) > clay loam (CL). pH in soil was relatively acid by 4.8, electric conductivity was 0.08mS/㎝, and organic matter content was 0.08g/㎏. CEC was measured by 100.8cmol(+)㎏-1 and available phosphate was 103.4㎎/㎏. Contents of exchangeable cations in terms of potassium, calcium, and magnesium were measured by 0.33cmol(+)㎏-1, 2.26cmol(+)㎏-1, and 0.87cmol(+)㎏-1, etc. Diurnal changes in the air temperature of the natives were 15 to 20℃, that temperature differential was relatively little compared with that in open field by 15 to 30℃. Relative humidity in the natives were much more humid by 60 to 80% compared with that in open field by 35 to 85%. Light intensity in the natives and the open field at ten o'clock were 2,300μmol/m2/sec. and 1,750μmol/m2/sec. Total number of soil microorganisms were 8.4×107 c.f.u./g. Mycorrhizal spore densities over 500㎛, 355~500㎛, 251~354㎛, 107~250㎛ and 45~106㎛ were 0.8, 1.3, 2.1, 38.1, and 110.0 respectively. Mycorrhizal root infections by vesicle and hyphae were 17% and 6%. However, arbuscules in the roots were not shown. 본 연구는 비비추 나물의 자생지 생태환경과 근권 미생물상을 조사하여 분석하였다. 비비추 나물 자생지 토양의 토성을 보면 사양토(SL)>양토(L)>식양토(CL) 등의 물리성을 보였다. 또한, 토양의 pH를 보면 4.8 정도로 다소 산성이었으며, 전기전도도는 0.08mS/㎝, 유기물 함량은 0.08g/㎏ 정도였다. 토양수분함량은 68.6% 정도였고, CEC는 100.8cmol(+)㎏-1 정도로 측정되었으며, 유효인산함량은 103.4㎎/㎏ 정도였다. 치환성 양이온을 보면 칼륨은 0.33cmol(+)㎏-1, 칼슘은 2.26cmol(+)㎏-1, 그리고 마그네슘은 0.87cmol(+)㎏-1 정도인 것으로 측정되었다. 자생지의 온도변화를 보면 15~20℃ 정도로서 노지에 비해 온도가 다소 낮으면서도 최고온도와 최저온도의 변화가 적었으며, 습도는 60~80% 정도로 노지에 비해 다소 다습조건이었다. 광도는 오전 10시에 노지가 2,300μmol/m2/sec. 정도였던 반면, 자생지의 광량은 1,750μmol/m2/sec. 정도로서 차광효과가 뚜렷하였다. 토양내 총 균수는 8.4×107 c.f.u./g 정도의 밀도를 보였고, 근권의 균근균 포자 밀도를 보면 크기가 500㎛ 이상은 0.8개 정도, 355~ 500㎛는 1.3개 정도, 251~354㎛는 2.1개 정도, 107~250㎛는 38.1개 정도, 45~106㎛는 110개 정도인 것으로 계수되었다. 뿌리에서 균근감염 양상을 보면 vesicle 17%, hyphae 6% 등으로서 총 23% 정도의 균근 감염율을 보였다. 그러나 arbuscule에 의한 감염은 발견되지 않았다.