기능성소화불량 환자에서 나타나는 정신적 증상의 한약 치료 : 체계적 문헌고찰과 메타분석

조윤재,이하늘,정해인,이현진,금창열,한아람,하나연,김진성,Cho, Yun-jae,Lee, Hanul,Jeong, Hae In,Lee, Hyun-Jin,Keum, Chang-Yul,Han, Aram,Ha, Na-Yeon,Kim, Jinsung 대한한방내과학회 2021 대한한방내과학회지 Vol.42 No.4

Purpose: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a chronic syndrome accompanied by repetitive digestive symptoms that appear in the upper gastrointestinal tract and are not caused by specific diseases. Psychological symptoms like anxiety, depression, insomnia, and somatization are frequently observed in FD. The purpose of this study was to review the effect of herbal medicine on the psychological symptoms that accompany FD. Methods: Database search (PubMed, EMBASE, KISS, Kmbase, KoreanMed, NDSL, OASIS, CNKI) was performed on February 24, 2021; a total of 1825 studies were searched. After the screening, 22 studies were included. Results: The studies were assessed by Cochrane RoB 2 and sorted into a table according to psychological symptoms. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate the effect of herbal medicine. Twenty of the twenty-two studies reported that herbal medicine was significantly more effective than the control group. Only three of the studies did not have a high risk of bias. Conclusion: Herbal medicine was significantly effective with or without Western medicine and had fewer adverse effects. Severe adverse effect was not reported. Psychological symptoms in FD affect onset and duration of FD, and some FD patients want to be treated for their anxiety before other symptoms. Reliable information about treatment for the psychological symptoms of FD is lacking. We reviewed the effect of herbal medicine treatment in this study, the results of which could be selected for primary or secondary treatment for FD.

中國 戰國時期 重要 戰爭의 고고학적 고찰

조윤재(CHO YUN JAE) 부산고고학회 2016 고고광장 Vol.- No.18

The great affairs of state in ancient China lies in ‘祀(sacrifice)’ and ‘戎(warfare)’. In other words, it was political judgment made by the ruling class that recognized the conduct of sacrifice and warfare as the key of affairs of state. This can be said to be a general phenomenon viewed from the history of civilization angle, which is shown not only in case of China but also in the initial state-building period. In the Zhanguo period of China, the situation was that conflict and warfare was inevitable because competition among states was severe. A description of warfare was an important material as a national history started to be recorded through the oracle bone script in the XiaShang period. After that time, approaches to and understanding of conflict and warfare in successive dynasties became ampler through documents as descriptions of warfare in the documents of ancient China became more specific and diverse. However, with regard to the material culture of the parties concerned with the conduct of real war, it was at a level of perceiving fragmentary situations mainly through private arms, saddlery, chariot fittings unearthed from ancient tomb, and iconographic materials including relief sculpture and mural painting. Real objects regarding a battlefield where a fierce battle was going on and spatial movement made in the conduct of real warfare could not become the center of attention. A large number of Pre-Qin documents mention that disputes and collisions occurring among states were very violent at that time in common, though there was a process of touch up in part. However, such some fields of battle were recently proved by archeological survey and excavation, which attracts attention from the academic world. This study is intended to archeologically examine the background to the outbreak of war and the present condition of battlefield where a specific battle was in progress through a study on recently surveyed Pre-Qin battlefield remains and unearthed relics and related documents. Though there is a limit to the quantitative accumulation of data, it is thought that newly produced archeological data in recent years can overcome limitations shown in the previous literature review, and it is regarded to be a chance to take a view of situation of war and conflict among respective feudal states in the ZHANGUO period in a new light different from previous one.

漢晉 喪葬儀禮의 形成과 棺槨制度의 變容

조윤재(Cho Yun jae) 중부고고학회 2013 고고학 Vol.12 No.3

중국에서의 喪葬儀禮에 대한 논의는 시간의 폭이 길고 역사 내면의 복잡성으로 인해 인식의 통합 자체가 아직은 이루어지지 못하고 있다. 특정 시기 당해 사회에서 통용되었던 상장제도는 그 사회의 사유 혹은 사상 등의 인식체계를 일정 부분 반영할 뿐만 아니라 그 사회의 물질문화의 수준을 가늠할 수 있는 지표도 제공한다. 고대 중국의 사회관계는 일련의 禮制의 규범을 통해 실현되고 운용되었는데, 신분과 지위라는 시스템에 의해 형성된 상장의례에서 특히 棺槨制度와 수장기물의 多寡 및 厚薄程度는 묘주의 사회적 위치와 비례하기 마련이다. 선진시기의 복잡한 제도변용의 과정을 거치고 형성된 漢晉時期의 상장의례는 당해 사회의 시대적 특성과 습합되면서 새로운 가치와 질서를 도출하였다 漢의 상장제도는 前代의 葬送體系를 상당 부분 계승하고 있으나 이 시기 새로이 출현한 상장의례는 漢制의 형성을 이루는 한 요인으로 작용 하였으며 상장의례의 상대적 차별화와 독립성을 확보하는 계기가 된다. 이는 晉制의 형성에도 큰 영향을 주게 되며 東漢末期와 三國을 거쳐 晉이 전국을 통일하는 신국면이 전개되자 漢의 舊制는 일부분 축약되고 소실되어 박장을 기저로 하는 晉制가 형성된다. 漢晉 사회의 특수한 배경은 이 시기의 상장의례가 형성ㆍ변용되는데 구체적인 계기를 제공함으로써, 제도가 시대적 반영을 담아내는 현상을 고고학적으로 확인할 수 있었다. 더욱이 晉制는 南北朝 및 隋唐 시기까지 유효한 상장의례로서 존속하게 된다. In the discussions on the funeral rituals (喪葬儀禮) in China, an integration of perception itself has not yet been made due to the great length of the time and complexity of the internal history. Since funeral systems commonly accepted in the society during certain times reflect the recognition systems (認識體系) such as possessions or thoughts of the society to some extent, they also provide the indices that measure the level of material culture of the society. Social relations in ancient China were realized and operated through a series of fundamental rules of courtesy and ritual (禮制). In particular, coffin-burial systems (棺槨制度) as well as the Juantities and levels of buried utensils (隨葬器物) are proportional to the social position of the owner of the tomb in the funeral rituals formed by the position and status systems. The funeral rituals of Han and Jin Dynasty times (漢晉時期) which were formed through the process of complex transformation of the system before the Jin Dynasty derived new values and social order based on the integration with characteristics of the times. The funeral systems of Han Dynasty (漢) inherited many of funeral systems (葬送體系) of the previous period, but the funeral rituals that appeared in this period served as a factor that helped to form the system of Han Dynasty (漢制), leading to a chance to secure independence and relative differentiation of funeral rituals (喪葬儀禮), which in turn had a huge effect on the formation of the system of Jin Dynasty (晉制). As the new phase where Jin Dynasty unified a nation through the end of Eastern Han (東漢末期) and Three Kingdoms (三國) was developed, previous systems of Han Dynasty (漢) were reduced and wiped out, and the system of Jin Dynasty (晉制) based on the poor burial came to emerge. Meanwhile, special background of the society in Han and Jin (漢晉) Dynasty times provided an opportunity to form and transform funeral rituals (喪葬儀禮) of this period, subseJuently helping to identify the phenomenon in which the system reflects the times archaeologically. Moreover, the system of Jin Dynasty (晉制) continued to be retained as a valid funeral ritual to the period of North and South Dynasties (南北朝) and Sui and Tang (隋唐) period.

서울시 인구 이동 패턴과 지역 특성 분석

조윤재(Yoon-Jae Cho),황철수(Chul-Sue Hwang) 대한지리학회 2023 대한지리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.06

古代 韓國의 鳥羽冠과 실크로드

조윤재(趙 胤 宰 Cho yun Jae) 한국고대학회 2013 先史와 古代 Vol.39 No.-

고대 한반도 국가들의 복식문화는 주변지역과는 다른 고유성을 지니기에 매우 표징적인 성격을 지닌다. 그 중 鳥羽冠이라는 관식은 문헌기록은 물론 고고자료에서도 확인되고 있어 당시의 사회상을 복원하는데 유용한 자료로 평가된다. 이러한 한반도 고대 국가의 관식이 실크로드상의 고대 유적에서도 검출됨으로써 당시 한반도와 실크로드와의 연계를 밝히는 증거로 부각되었다. 관식의 출현은 당연히 관식 착용자의 실체가 연관되어야 가능한 일일 것이다. 이는 관식을 착용한 인물의 출현 배경 및 그들의 출자와 연동됨으로써 실크로드 지역과 고대 한반도의 교류정황을 더욱 구체화하는 계기를 제공하고 있다. 본문은 고대 한국 鳥羽冠을 통해 실크로드와의 교류를 조명해보는 것이 목적이며 아울러 기존의 연구 성과를 검토함으로써 향후 兩者의 교류를 고찰하기 위한 선행연구의 의미도 가진다. The costume culture of ancient countries in the Korean peninsula has quite symbolic characteristics, as it shows different uniqueness from the surrounding area. Diadem ornaments, called“Jowoo–Guan,”are of course confirmed in archaeological materials, so evaluated as a useful material to restore the social aspect at the time. As the diadem ornaments of ancient countries in the Korean peninsula are discovered in ancient remains along the Silk Road, they have been highlighted as the evidence to identify the connection between the then Korean Peninsula and the Silk Road. The emergence of diadem ornaments may be available only if it is connected with the wearers of diadem ornaments. In other words, the connection between the advent background of persons wearing diadem ornaments and the origin of the diadem ornaments provides an opportunity to concretize the state of things in exchange between the Silk Road region and the ancient Korea peninsula. The purpose of this study is to capture the exchange with the Silk Road through “Jowoo–Guan” of ancient Korea. In addition, this study is expected to be significant as a previous study to review the bilateral exchange by reviewing the results of the existing studies.

한국 출토 綠釉聯珠紋碗과 동아시아 連珠紋碗의 系譜

趙胤宰(Cho Yunjae) 한국고고학회 2021 한국고고학보 Vol.- No.120

연주문완은 중국 북조~수당시기 서역의 영향으로 인해 유행했던 도자이다. 1989년 洛陽漢魏故城 大市遺跡 부근에서 출토된 倣琉璃黑釉陶碗은 기물의 소성과 시문의 독특함으로 주목을 받은 바 있다. 중국을 제외한 동북아시아 지역에서 연주문완의 출토는 일본의 나가사키 이키시마 소로쿠(雙六)古墳, 아스카(飛鳥) 후지하라(藤原)궁 이시카미(石神)遺跡에서 확인되었다. 그 외 전세 혹은 소장품의 聯珠紋碗이 일본에서 공개된 바 있다. 이들 출토유물은 6~7세기대 중국과 일본의 교류를 언급할 때 자주 제시되는 물질자료이다. 최근 한국에서도 이와 유사한기형인 녹유연주문완이 출토되어 주목을 끌고 있다. 경남 창원 石洞 複合遺跡 삼국시대 석실분 M490에서 녹유연주문완 1점이 출토되었다. 경주 안압지의 녹유도자편 출토 이후 최초의 완형 녹유연주문완이다. 낙양의 漢魏 故城 大市遺跡 출토품은 외기벽 전체에 크기가 서로 다른 聯珠文을 돌리고 있어. 사산조페르시아의 유리기를 모방한 기형으로 추정된다. 중국의 연주문 기원은 비교적 이른 시기부터 확인되고 있는데 서한시기 서역과의 통교가 본격화된 후 실크로드의 교통로가 확보되면서 위진남북조시기 페르시아의 연주문 소재가 중국 경내로유입되었을 것이다. 이 시기 주로 페르시아의 화폐에 사용되었던 연주문은 중앙아시아를 거쳐 돈황, 투루판, 중국 내지로 확산되었으며 이후 연주문은 불교벽화, 직물, 금은기 및 도자 등의 기물에 광범위하게 사용되며시기에 따라 변주되는 양상을 보여주고 있다. 본문은 이러한 연주문을 장식 소재로 사용한 중국 도자기물의 고찰을 통해 동아시아 연주문완의 기원과 계보를 검토하고, 아울러 경남 창원 석동 복합유적에서 출토된 녹유연주문완의 원산지와 연대에 대한 논의를 진행하고 경주 안압지 출토 녹유도자편의 성격과 연대도 새로이 살펴보고자 한다. L inked pearl patterned bowls, popular in the Northern, Sui, and Tang Dynasties of China, had been produced as a result of the influence of the Western regions. The Bangyurigi black-glazed bowls excavated in the vicinity of the site of the Han-Wei castle of Luoyang in 1989 gained much attention due to the uniqueness of the firing atmosphere and the decorative patterns. Outside of China, linked pearl patterned bowls have been excavated at Nagasaki Ikishima Soroku Ancient Tomb, Asuka Fujiwara Palace, and the site of Ishigami in Japan. Other collected or inherited examples have also been made open to the public in Japan. The excavated examples are often mentioned when discussing exchange between China and Japan in the 6th to 7th century. Recently in South Korea, a similar excavated example of a linked pearl patterned bowl has gained much attention. Stone Chamber Tomb M490 of Seokdong, Changwon, dating to the Three Kingdoms Period, yielded an example, which was the subject of much interest as it was the first completely intact example to have been discovered since the previous discovery of green-glazed pottery from Anapji Pond in Gyeongju. In the case of the examples from the site of the Han-Wei castle of Luoyang, linked pearls of different sizes were rendered throughout the entire outer surface, believed to be imitating the glass products of Sassanian Persia. The origins of the linked pearl pattern in China dates to a relatively early period. As the traffic route of the Silk Road was secured following the building up of friendly relations with the Western regions, the linked pearl pattern was likely introduced into China during the Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties. The linked pearl pattern, which had generally been used for coinage in Persia at that time, spread to Dunhuang, Turpan, and China through Central Asia. The linked pearl pattern subsequently became varied and was widely used for articles such as Buddhist murals, fabrics, golden/silver products, and pottery. This article aims to review the origin and spread of linked pearl patterned bowls in East Asia by examining Chinese pottery that used the linked pearl pattern for decoration. Through this, this article aims to discuss the country of origin and period of use of the green-glazed linked pearl patterned bowl excavated from Seokdong Ancient Tomb in Changwon, and also to newly examine the nature and period of use of the green-glazed pottery excavated from Anapji in Gyeongju.

코로나19에 따른 질병관리 분야 정부조직 개편의 탐색적 연구

조윤재(Yoonjae Cho),한지원(Jiwon Han) 서울대학교 보건환경연구소 2022 보건학논집 Vol.59 No.1

Objectives: 코로나19에 대응하기 위해 질병관리청 승격이 이뤄졌으며, 이 조직개편이 적절했는지에 대해 평가하고자 한다. Methods: 조직생태학 관점을 토대로, 질병관리청 과 단위 조직 변동을 분석했다. 이후, 인적, 재정적, 법적 수단을 중심으로 개편 방향을 분석했다. Results: 질병관리청 과 단위 하부조직은 유지, 변화, 신설 등 변동을 경험했다. 기능이 생성되는 개편이 이뤄진 한편, 기능 추가 및 폐지 없이 유사기능 간 통합과 분할도 이뤄졌다. 질병관리청의 행정 수단 검토 결과, 청 조직으로 독립한 이후에도 보건복지부와의 협의 과정이 필수적이며, 독립에 따른 비용 발생 가능성이 잔존했다. Conclusion: 질병관리청이 환경 변화에 효과적으로 기능할 수 있도록 ‘질병관리청-보건복지부 감염병 대응 TF 운영규정’ 마련 정책을 제시했다.

中國 魏晉·十六國·北朝 主要 古墳의 類型과 地域性

조윤재(Cho, Yun-jae) 호서사학회 2018 역사와 담론 Vol.0 No.85

중국의 위진, 십육국, 북조시기는 동한말의 혼란, 서진정권의 단명 및 북방초원계 민족의 내입 등으로 전통적인 한계 장묘문화에 변화가 발생하는 시점이다. 이러한 변화양상은 고분의 구조적 변화는 물론 부장기물의 조합상, 벽화의 유행, 서역계 인물의 분묘 등 고분문화의 새로운 양태가 용출하는 특징을 돌출적으로 보여주는 시기이기도 하다. 이러한 변화를 반영한 고분의 공간적 분포는 주로 양자강 이북지역에서 극명하게 나타나고 있어 일정한 지역성도 내포하고 있다. 본문은 당해시기 주요 고분의 유형을 고찰하고 위진, 십육국, 북조시기 도성 및 정치적 거점지역을 중심으로 형성되었던 제릉 및 세가대족고분의 지역성에 대한 배경을 파악하는 데 중점을 두었다. The China Wei-Jin Period of Sixteen Kingdoms in the Northern Dynasty is when there are changes in the traditional funeral culture of the Han Period due to the state of confusion in end of Eastern Han Dynasty, short Seojin Regime and introjection of the people from the Northern Grassland. In this period, these aspects of changes not only show the structural change in the ancient tombs, but also show the characteristics of protrusion in new aspects of the ancient tomb culture such as the combination of tomb furnishings, the trend in the wall paintings and the tombs of Western characters. The spatial distribution of the ancient tombs reflecting these changes is shown distinctively in the areas mostly on the northern part of Yangtze River, and is also involved with certain locality. In this study, considerations were made on the types of main ancient tombs in the relevant period, and focus was given on identifying the background on the locality of the royal tombs and ancient tombs of noble family that were formed centrally of the capital city and politically strategic points in the Wei-Jin Period of Sixteen Kingdoms in the Northern Dynasty of China.

Relations between the Southern Dynasties (Nanchao) and the Xiyu

Cho, Yun Jae(조윤재) 고려대학교 한국사연구소 2013 International Journal of Korean History Vol.18 No.1

기후위기시대의 인권적 접근에 관한 연구 - EU의 환경과 인권에 대한 대응을 중심으로 -

조윤재 ( Cho Yunjae ) 한국외국어대학교 EU연구소 2023 EU연구 Vol.- No.68

The Climate change is becoming more and more serious due to global warming, global heating, and global heating, and many countries around the world are using the term climate crisis to reflect the more urgent situation, not enough to inform the public of its seriousness. The climate crisis violates all human rights through extreme climate phenomena. Therefore, in addition to efforts to quickly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, active efforts to adapt to climate change should also be treated as important. In particular, in order to protect the human rights of people with high vulnerability and low adaptability, the issue of climate change must be addressed from a human rights perspective. The Aarhus Convention approaches human rights, such as access to information, public participation in the decision-making process, and access to judicial procedures. This Convention is an agreement adopted between countries in Europe and serves to present a framework that does not have a direct effect on our country but can help institutionalize the governance of our human rights and the environment. The energy right as an energy-based human right can be said to be a right that requires energy benefits necessary to maintain a minimum material life so that you can live a human life. However, energy prices are rising around the world, and especially those who cannot afford this rise in energy prices are not able to live a human life, suffering from heat waves and cold waves in summer and winter because they do not benefit from the universal supply. As the climate crisis worsens, the importance of the energy sphere, which does not receive a universal supply of energy, will grow.