초음파-수열합성 적용 가시광 활성 일차원 금속산화물 도핑 반도체 나노소재를 이용한 방향족 휘발성 탄화수소 제어효율 평가

조완근 ( Wan-kuen Jo ),신승호 ( Seung-ho Shin ),최정학 ( Jeong-hak Choi ),이준엽 ( Joon Yeob Lee ) 한국환경과학회 2018 한국환경과학회지 Vol.27 No.11

In this study, we evaluated the photocatalytic oxidation efficiency of aromatic volatile hydrocarbons by using WO₃-doped TiO₂ nanotubes (WTNTs) under visible-light irradiation. One-dimensional WTNTs were synthesized by ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal method and impregnation. XRD analysis revealed successful incorporation of WO₃ into TiO₂ nanotube (TNT) structures. UV-Vis spectra exhibited that the synthesized WTNT samples can be activated under visible light irradiation. FE-SEM and TEM images showed the one-dimensional structure of the prepared TNTs and WTNTs. The photocatalytic oxidation efficiencies of toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene were higher using WTNT samples than undoped TNT. These results were explained based on the charge separation ability, adsorption capability, and light absorption of the sample photocatalysts. Among the different light sources, light-emitting-diodes (LEDs) are more highly energy-efficient than 8-W daylight used for the photocatalytic oxidation of toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene, though the photocatalytic oxidation efficiency is higher for 8-W daylight.

이산화티타늄 담지 섬유형 활성탄소의 특성 및 악취오염물질 제어를 위한 응용

조완근(Wan-Kuen Jo),황은송(Eun-Song Hwang),양성봉(Sung-Bong Yang) 한국청정기술학회 2011 청정기술 Vol.17 No.1

생활환경 수준의 이황화 메틸과 같은 황화 유기화합물의 제어를 위하여 섬유형 활성탄소-이산화 티타늄 복합재를 이용한 연구는 아직까지 보고되지 않고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 섬유형 활성탄소-이산화 티타늄 복합재를 제조하여 엑스선 회절법, 입자 비표면 측정법 및 적외선 분광법을 이용하여 광학적/표면 특성을 조사하고 활성을 평가하기 위하여 황화 이메틸의 제거 효율을 결정하였다. 섬유형 활성탄소-이산화티타늄 복합재의 물리적/표면 특성 조사에서 이 복합재가 광촉매적 활성도를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 비표면적, 총 기공크기, 마이크로 기공크기 및 메조 기공크기의 경우에 이산화티타늄 코팅량이 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 그러나 평균 기공크기는 이산화티타늄 코팅량이 증가함에 따라 오히려 증가하였다. 또한, 코팅된 이산화티타늄이 섬유형 활성탄소 자체의 황화 이메틸에 대한 흡착능에 영향을 거의 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 섬유형 활성탄소-이산화 티타늄 복합재의 활성도 조사시험에서, 황화 이메틸의 초기 제거효율은 4가지 유량 조건(0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 L/min)에서 각각 93, 78, 71 및 57%로 나타났고, 4가지 유량 조건 모두에서 2시간째에는 제거효율이 다소 감소하였다가 그 이후에는 거의 일정하게 유지되었다. 유사 평형상태에서, 황화 이메틸 평균 제거효율은 4가지 유량 조건에서 각각 75, 58, 53 및 36%로 나타났다. 한편, 섬유형 활성탄소-이산화티타늄 복합재의 표면상에서 부산물들은 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 이용한 실험 조건에서, 섬유형 활성탄소-이산화티타늄 복합재가 부산물에 의한 큰 영향 없이 생활환경 수준의 황화 이메틸을 제어하는데 활용될 수 있는 것으로 제안된다. The application of fibrous activated carbon (FAC)-titanium dioxide (TiO₂) hybrid system has not been reported yet for the control of malodorous dimethyl sulfide (DMS) at residential environmental levels. Accordingly, the current study was designed not only to characterize this hybrid system using x-ray diffraction method, particulate surface measurement and Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) method, but also to evaluate its adsorptional photocatalytic activity (APA) for the DMS removal. The physical/surface characteristics of FAC-TiO₂ which was prepared in this study suggested that the hybrid material might have certain APA for DMS. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific area, total pore volume, micropore volume and mesopore volume decreased all as the TiO₂ amounts coated on FAC increased, whereas the reverse was true for average pore diameter. TiO₂ coated onto FAC did not influence the adsorptional activity of FAC for the DMS input concentration of 0.5 ppm. The APA test of the hybrid material presented that the initial removal efficiencies of DMS were 93, 78, 71 and 57% for the flow rates of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 L/min, respectively, and they decreased somewhat 2 h after the experiment started and kept almost constant for the rest experimental period. Under this pseudo-equilibrium condition, the DMS removal efficiencies were 78, 58, 53 and 36% for the four flow rates, respectively. Meanwhile, there were no significant byproducts observed on the surfaces of the hybrid material. Consequently, this study suggests that, under the experimental conditions used in the present study, the hybrid material can be applied for DMS at residential environment levels without being interfered by any byproducts.

연구논문 : 공기 중 메틸에틸케톤 제어를 위한 Pilot-Scale 흡수 시스템의 운영인자 분석

조완근 ( Wan Kuen Jo ),김왕태 ( Wang Tae Kim ) 한국환경과학회 2011 한국환경과학회지 Vol.20 No.4

Unlike many laboratory-scale studies on absorption of organic compounds (VOCs), limited pilot-scale studies have been reported. Accordingly, the present study was carried out to examine operation parameters for the effective control of a hydrophilic VOC (methyl ethyl ketone, MEK) by applying a circular pilot-scale packed-absorption system (inside diameter 37 cm × height 167 cm). The absorption efficiencies of MEK were investigated for three major operation parameters: input concentration, water flow rate, and ratio of gas flow-rate to washing water amount (water-to-gas ratio). The experimental set-up comprised of the flow control system, generation system, recirculation system, packed-absorption system, and outlet system. For three MEK input concentrations (300, 350, and 750 ppm), absorption efficiencies approached near 95% and then, decreased gradually as the operation time increased, thereby suggesting a non-steady state condition. Under these conditions, higher absorption efficiencies were shown for lower input concentration conditions, which were consistent with those of laboratory-scale studies. However, a steady state condition occurred for two input concentration conditions (100 and 200ppm), and the difference in absorption efficiencies between these two conditions were insignificant. As supported by an established gas-liquid absorption theory, a higher water flow rate exhibited a greater absorption efficiency. Moreover, as same with the laboratory-scale studies, the absorption efficiencies increased as water-to-gas ratios increased. Meanwhile, regardless of water flow rates or water-to-gas ratios, as the operation time of the absorption became longer, the pH of water increased, but the elevation extent was not substantial (maximum pH difference, 1.1).

산화티타늄 코팅 건축자재를 이용한 질소산화물 및 퍼클로로에틸렌 분해 평가

조완근(Wan Kuen Jo),김진관(Jin Kwan Kim),전희동(Hee Dong Chun),박건호(Kun Ho Park) 大韓環境工學會 2004 대한환경공학회지 Vol.26 No.12

연구논문 : 산업단지 내 저층과 고층 아파트의 외기 중 호흡성분진과 일산화탄소 수준

조완근 ( Wan Kuen Jo ),이준엽 ( Joon Yeob Lee ) 한국환경과학회 2006 한국환경과학회지 Vol.15 No.8

실내 방향제 사용에 의한 유해 가스상 오염물질 배출 산정 및 노출 평가

조완근(Wan-Kuen Jo),신승호(Seung-Ho Shin),권기동(Gi-Dong Kwon),이종효(Jong-Hyo Lee) 환경독성보건학회 2009 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.24 No.2

This study quantitatively investigated the emissions of indoor air pollutants associated with the utilization of air fresheners indoors, and evaluated individual exposure to five specified indoor air pollutants, which were chosen on the basis of selection criteria. An electrically-polished stainless steel chamber (50 L) was employed to achieve this purpose. Test air fresheners were selected through three steps: first, on the basis of market sales; second, on the basis on a preliminary head-space study; and lastly, on the basis of emissions of toxic compounds (benzene, ethyl benzene, limonene, toluene, and xylene). The empirical mathematical model fitted well with the time-series concentrations in the environmental chamber (in most cases, determination coefficient, R²≥0.9), thereby suggesting that the empirical model was suitable for testing emissions. The concentration equilibrium appeared 180 min after the introduction of sample air fresheners into the chamber. Both the chamber concentrations of emission rates or factors varied greatly according to air freshener type. It is noteworthy that although benzene, ethyl benzene, toluene, and xylene were emitted from all test air fresheners, their exposure levels were not significant enough to result in any significant health risk. However, certain type of air fresheners were observed to emit significant amount of limonene, which is potentially reactive with ozone to generate secondary pollutants with oxidants such as ozone, hydroxyl radicals, and nitrogen oxides. The exposure levels to limonene associated with the utilization of three air fresheners were estimated to be 13 to 175 times higher than that of other air fresheners. This information can help consumers to select low-pollutant-emitting air fresheners.

니코틴 광분해를 위한 산회티타늄 코팅 건축자재 활용

조완근(Wan Kuen Jo),전희동(Hee Dong Chun) 大韓環境工學會 2006 대한환경공학회지 Vol.28 No.3

연구논문 : 대구지역 주요 도로변 대기오염물질의 농도 특성

조완근 ( Wan Kuen Jo ),최성락 ( Sung Rak Choi ) 한국환경과학회 2006 한국환경과학회지 Vol.15 No.8

악취유발 황화유기화합물질의 광촉매분해에 따른 촉매 비활성화와 재생 평가

조완근(Wan Kuen Jo),신명희(Myeong Hee Shin) 大韓環境工學會 2009 대한환경공학회지 Vol.31 No.11

본 연구는 가시광선 조건에서 질소 및 황 도핑 TiO₂를 활용하여 악취유발 황화유기화합물질의 분해능을 평가하고, 광촉매 분해시 발생하는 촉매 비활성화와 비활성화된 촉매의 재생에 대해 조사하였다. 적외선 분광법을 이용하여 촉매 표면의 특성을 조사하였다. 가시광선을 이용한 광촉매 기술이 낮은 농도의 황화 이메틸(0.039 ppm)과 이황화 이메틸 (0.027 ppm)은 97% 이상의 높은 효율로 처리할 수 있으나, 촉매 비활성으로 인해 높은 농도(황화 이메틸, 7.8 ppm 및 이황화 이메틸, 5.4 ppm)에 대해서는 광촉매 공정 시간 5시간만에 처리 효율이 황화 이메틸은 84% 그리고 이황화 이메틸은 23%까지 매우 낮게 나타났다. 황화 이메틸에 비하여 황 원소가 하나 더 결합된 이황화 이메틸의 광촉매 분해시 촉매가 빠르게 비활성화되었다. 높은 유입 농도 조건에서 이황화 이메틸 또는 황화 이메틸의 광촉매 반응기의 출구 농도가 유입농도와 비슷하거나, CO₂의 생성률이 제로에 가깝거나, FTIR 스펙트럼 상에서 촉매 표면의 비활성을 유발하는 황 이온 화합물의 피크들이 강하게 나타나, 촉매의 비활성화를 확인하였다. 광촉매 반응기의 유출구에서의 최대 CO₂ 농도인 8ppm에 대해서 황화 이메틸의 광물화 효율을 계산한 결과 144%로서 100%를 초과한 것으로 나타났다. 건조-공기 및 습윤-공기 재생 방법에 비해 고온 소성에 의한 촉매의 재생효율이 높게(이황화 이메틸, 53% 그리고 황화 이메틸, 58%) 나타났으나, 이 또한 촉매 비활성을 유발시키는 황 이온 화합물과 같은 부산물들을 완전히 제거되지는 못하는 것으로 확인 되었다. This study evaluated the degradation efficiency of malodorous sulfurized-organic compounds by utilizing N- and S- doped titanium dioxide under visible-light irradiation, and examined the catalyst deactivation and regeneration. Catalyst surface was characterized by employing Fourier-Transform-Infrared-Red (FTIR) spectra. The visible-light-driven photocatalysis techniques were able to efficiently degrade low-level dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) with degradation efficiencies exceeding 97%, whereas they were not effective regarding the removal of high-level DMS and DMDS, with degradation efficiencies of 84 and 23% within 5 hrs of photocatalytic processes. As compared with DMS, DMDS which containes one more sulfur element revealed quick catalyst deactivation. Catalyst deactivation was confirmed by the equality between input and output concentrations of DMD or DMDS, the obsevation of no CO₂ generation during a photocatalytic process, and the FTIR spectrum peaks related with sulfur ion compounds, which are major byproducts formed on catalyst surfaces. The mineralization efficiency of DMS at 8 ppm, which was a peak value during a photocatalytic process, was calculated as 144%, exceeding 100%. The catalyst regenerated by high-temperature calcination exhibited higher catalyst recovery efficiency (53 and 58% for DMDS and DMS, respectively) as compared with dry-air and humid-air regeneration processes. However, even the calcined method was unable to totally regenerate deactivated catalysts.

가정용 모기살충제의 배출 특성 및 배출계수를 이용한 실내 휘발성 유기화합물질 노출 평가

조완근 ( Wan Kuen Jo ),이종효 ( Jong Hyo Lee ) 한국환경과학회 2009 한국환경과학회지 Vol.18 No.10

This study was designed to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the pollutant compositions, which were emitted from three types of mosquito repellents(MRs)(mat-, liquid-vaporized, and coil-type) by utilizing a 50-L environmental chamber. A qualitative analysis revealed that 42 compounds were detected on the gas chromatography/mass spectrometer system, and that the detection frequency depended upon chemical types. Nine of the 42 compounds exhibited a detection frequency of 100%. Four aromatic compounds(benzene, ethyl benzene, toluene, and xylene) were detected in all test MRs. The concentration equilibriums in the environmental chamber were achieved within 180 min after sample introduction. The coil-type MR represented higher chamber concentrations as compared with the mat- or liquid-vaporized-type MR, with respect to the target compounds except for naphthalene. In particular, the chamber concentrations of ethyl benzene, associated with the use of coil-type MR, were between 0.9 and 65 mg m-3, whereas those of mat- and liquid-vaporized-type MRs were between 0.5 and 2.0 mg m-3 and 0.3 and 1.4 mg m-3, respectively. However, naphthalene concentrations in the chamber, where a liquid-vaporized-type MR was placed, were measured as between 17.8 and 56.3 mg m-3, but not detected in the chamber, where a mat- or coil-type MR was placed. The empirical model fitted well with the time-series concentrations in the environmental chamber(in most cases, determination coefficient, R2≥09), thereby suggesting that the model was suitable for testing emissions. In regards to the target compounds except for benzene, although they were emitted from the MRs, health risk from individual exposure to them were estimated not to be significant when comparing exposure levels with no observed adverse exposure levels or lowest observed adverse exposure levels of corresponding compounds. However, it was concluded that the use of MRs could be an important indoor source as regards benzene.