생태적 세제개혁에 대한 생태경제학적 접근

조승헌(Seung-Hun Joh) 한국환경사회학회 2003 환경사회학연구 ECO Vol.5 No.-

The primary aim of this paper is to point out that there exists fundamental limitation for neoclassical economics approach to dealing With deteriorating contemporary environmental quality and to address the importance of ecological tax reform to resolve the problem.<br/> Environmental economics, which is an outgrowth of neoclassical economics, has merits of flexibility and efficiency in approaching environmental issues. The recently emerged ecological economics is very distinctive: what is implied in the term "ecological" is that human society and nature are seen as mutually dependent, while "economics" regards nature as a means to economic growth. Since human society is a part of the earth, changes in economy and human activity are eventually constrained by the principles of ecosystem. To date, most environmental problems have been of short-term and local consequences. This is attested to by the fact that the solutions to these problems have included an increase in pollution abatement cost, political negotiation, spilling prevention, etc. The contemporary environmental problem, however, has chronic, global, and complex characteristics such that it becomes a significant constraint to social development. In this vein, the ecological tax reform could work in solving the problem.<br/> The fundamental justification for introducing ecological tax reform in Korea stems from the current warning situation that Korea has pursued economic-growth-oriented strategy with no regard for the environment.<br/> Of particular importance in the case of implementing ecological tax reform include taking prudent and elaborate design, carrying out the reform in a gradual manner, pre-notifying the society to give enough time to adapt to the new taxation, and implementing a consistent policy.

행복경제학적 분석을 적용한 인간중심적 자연관과 생태중심적 자연관의 비교

조승헌 ( Seung Hun Joh ) 한국환경정책평가연구원 2008 환경정책연구 Vol.7 No.2

본 연구는 경제적 가치와 환경가치를 유기적으로 결합시키는 행복경제학적 접근을 적용하여 자연관과 효용의 관계를 비교하고자 한다. 회귀분석을 수행한 결과 다음과 같은 사항을 발견할 수 있었다. 첫째, 본 분석에서는 자연관에 따라 행복함수 형태가 다르다는 것을 실증적으로 확인하였다. ``인간중심적 자연관``의 가치체계는 경제가치중심이며 환경, 신뢰와 같은 비물질가치 요소가 무시할 정도로 낮은 것임을 통계적 유의도를 통하여 알 수 있다. 둘째, ``생태중심적 자연관``은 경제를 포함한 환경, 사람신뢰를 동시에 고려하는 중층적 가치체계를 가지고 있다고 할 수 있다. 그들의 가치체계에 따르면 인간의 편의와 경제적 가치에 치우친 행위는 행복극대화 관점에서 합리적이지 않다는 점을 분석 결과에서 알 수 있다. The goal of current study is to carry out comparative analysis on the relationship between nature perspectives and their corresponding utilities by taking integrated approach combining economic values with environmental ones. The results are as follows. First, empirical evidence shows that the structures of happiness function differ according to nature perspectives. The anthropocentric-nature perspective is centered on economic value. Whilst, environment and social trust play an statistically insignificant role in deciding happiness levels. Secondly, the eco-centric perspective possesses a multi-facted structure of happiness function composing of income, environment, and social trust. In this vein, it is no reasonable behavior, from happiness maximization view, to focus on economic value vis-a-vis use value.

2014 인천 아시안게임 주경기장 명칭사용권 분석

조승헌 ( Seung Hun Joh ),박경문 ( Kyoung Moon Park ) 한국스포츠산업경영학회 2014 한국스포츠산업경영학회지 Vol.19 No.4

본 연구는 2014년 9월 19일부터 10월 4일까지 인천에서 개최되는 제17회 인천아시안게임의 주경기장에 명칭사용권을 부여할 경우 예상되는 간접광고효과와 대회 이후에 명칭의 옥외노출을 통한 가치를 산정한 이후, 이를 근거로 명칭사용권 거래 가격을 제안하고자 한다. 분석에는 대체비용기법을 적용하여 텔레비전, 신문, 옥외노출을 통한 간접광고효과를 사례별로 상향식(bottom-up)으로 산출하였다. 대체비용기법은 비시장재의 가치를 산정할 때 사용하는 방식으로써 명칭사용권이 일반 시장에서 거래가 되지 않고 있으며 가격산정이 생산비용에 근거하지 않는다는 점을 고려, 명칭사용권을 사용할 경우 예상되는 언론을 통한 스폰서 기업의 광고효과를 언론 광고를 할 경우 소요되는 비용으로 대체하여 명칭사용권의 가치를 산정하는 것이다. 이렇게 산정된 가치는 경매에서 사용되는 유보가격을 적용하였다. 자료는 인천아시안게임과 유사하다고 판단되는 2002년 부산아시안게임의 시청률에 최근의 광고단가, 신문열독률, 19세 이상 인구 등을 적용하였다. 분석결과, 주경기장의 명칭사용으로부터 파생되는 TV와 신문을 통한 명칭사용권 광고효과는 29.3억 원이며 유보가격은 도출된 광고효과의 2/3인 19.5억 원이 산정되었다. 아시안게임 이후 경기장 시설에 부착되는 명칭사용권에 따른 연간 간접광고 효과는 1.2억 원으로 할인율 7%를 적용할 경우 5년간 유보가격은 3.5억 원, 10년은 6.1억 원이 도출되었다. This article estimates values of naming rights for 2014 Asian Games(Sep.19~Oct.4, 2014) main stadium in Incheon concerning indirect effects of media advertising and street sinage exposure, then the reserve price based on the estimation is proposed. The method applied is bottom-up replacement cost approach to estimate effects stemming from TV, newspaper, and street signage exposure. The replacement cost approach is adopted in this study taking into consideration naming rights has no concrete trading system and the price is not made based on production cost such that the values of naming right is equivalent to direct advertising cost in as much as the identical magnitude of advertising effect is generated through the naming right. The values calculated through the replacement cost approach is utilized to generate reserve price applied in auction trade. The data includes TV rating of 2002 Busan Asian Games in addition to advertisement price, newspaper reading ratio, and population of age19 and over which are updated. The results show 1)the value from TV and newspapers during the game accounts for over 2.93billion Korean won and the reserve price 2/3 the values estimated is 1.95billion won 2)the annual value from street signage exposure after the games is up to 120million won and the reserve price with 7% discounting rate for 5 year contract is 350million won and 610million won for 10 year contract.

아파트소유가 행복에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김지현(Kim Ji Hyun),조승헌(Joh Seung Hun) 한국부동산학회 2008 不動産學報 Vol.33 No.-

1. CONTENTS (1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES Many people have regarded housing as one of important determinants of individual happiness like income and health. Using happiness data from the Korean social survey, this paper empirically tests whether apartment-ownership makes any differences in happiness levels between urban and rural areas as well as between male and female. (2) RESEARCH METHOD Ordered probit model is employed to investigate the relationship between happiness and significant determinants of happiness such as health. age, household income, with the dummy variables of housing tenure and housing types. The data comes from the Social Survey 2006 carried out by National Statistical Office. (3) RESEARCH RESULTS The results of our model show that apartment-ownership plays a superior role in determinating happiness levels in large urban areas regardless of sex and housing tenure. The phenomenon. however. is not clear in middle-sized cities and even reversed in rural areas. 2. RESULTS The results recommend that the size of cities should be considered when supplying apartments. Of particular concern is called for the small-sized cities. In addition, the paradigm of housing policy should be shifted from supporting home-ownership to increasing individual happiness.

주택소유로 인한 행복 증진에 대한 실증분석

김지현(Kim, Ji Hyun),조승헌(Joh, Seung Hun) 한국부동산학회 2009 不動産學報 Vol.38 No.-

1.CONTENTS (1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study are to build a regression model to distinguish consumption contribution from investment one associated with the happiness induced by home-ownership and then to apply empirical data for Seoul to the model so as to estimate the ratio of consumption contribution to investment one. (2) RESEARCH METHOD Two approaches are taken for this study. One is to take dummy estimates of happiness discrepancy between apartment-owned and non-apartment-rented. The other is to compare happiness to the consumption factors accruing from housing service of apartment-owned or non-apartment-rented. (3) RESEARCH FINDINGS The results reveal that the model proposes seems well suite do address the contributions of consumption factors and investment ones to the increase in happiness according to house tenure and house types. The housing-induced happiness ratios of consumption : investment are (0.67 : 0.33) and (0.52~0.48) 2.RESULTS Given the considerable advantages that can be gained from the housing tenure, it is important to understand why most households try to have their own house especially apartment although it sacrifices a great number of income and requires high user cost. This study shows that home-ownership provide people with investment happiness as well as consumption happiness, which the policy maker should consider.

영국의 국가발전전략으로서 지속가능발전의 성과와 한계

김지현(Kim Ji-Hyun),송형만(Song Hyoung-Mahn),조승헌(Joh Seunghun) 한국환경사회학회 2007 환경사회학연구 ECO Vol.11 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 영국의 보수당정부와 신노동당정부가 수행해 온 국가발전전략을 지속가능성의 관점에서 살펴보고 경제ㆍ복지ㆍ환경지표에 대한 분석을 통하여 영국의 지속가능발전의 성과 및 한계를 평가한 후 이에 근거하여 지속가능성 실현에 필요한 시사점을 도출하는 데 있다. 연구결과 경제성장을 중시하고 환경보전과 사회적 형평성은 보완적 차원에서 접근하는 지속가능발전을 국가발전전략으로 추구해온 영국은 1인당 GDP와 같은 경제지표가 개선되는 성과를 거두었으나 생태적 한계 및 사회적 통합을 적극적으로 수용하지 않아 이 부문에서 한계를 드러내고 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 예를 들어 경제발전 수준과 지형적 특성이 유사한 국가들에 비하여 영국의 환경지속가능성지수(ESI)는 상당히 낮았으며, ‘제3의 길’이라는 기본적으로 시장을 지향하는 사회정책을 펼친 결과 저소득층과 고소득층 간의 소득격차가 심화되고 있었다. 이는 국가발전전략으로서 지속가능발전은 경제ㆍ환경ㆍ사회의 3부문이 반드시 균형을 이루면서 조화롭게 발전시켜야 함을 시사한다. 이에 지속가능발전을 성취하기 위해서는 근본적으로 국가발전전략에서 경제성장에 대한 비중을 획기적으로 재조정해야 할 필요가 있다. 경제중심의 사회운영은 구조적으로 생태적 한계를 외면하고 미래세대의 효용에 부정적 영향을 줄 개연성을 높일 수 있기 때문이다. 경제 중심적 사고의 전환을 실현하기 위해서는 단기적 관점에서 행해지는 기존의 정치적 의사결정 구도를 바꾸던가, 지속가능발전을 구현할 수 있는 새로운 정치지평을 형성해야 할 것이다. The primary goal of our study, in this context, is to address the sustainability approach taken by the United Kingdom with a focus on economy, environment, and welfare. The distinctive characteristics of the UK's sus tamable policy has been to put a higher priority on economic growth over the environment and welfare. In a main implementation manner, the Blair government mixed economic policies and environmental ones. Also, the Blair's Communitarian thought integrated with the Third Sector framework was involved at the administrative process of environmental policy. The UK's experience sheds an informative light on policy implication for sustainability, The excessive economy -oriented strategy currently adopted in the UK needs to be significantly reformed tn order to realize a sustainable society, Without the reformation, the society will be destined to face the problem of ecological carrying capacity and to have a disastrous impact on the welfare of future generations. Taking technology-oriented approach to the environmental problem will be a temporary solution to the sustainability such that the 내챠al structural changes m values, institutions, and politics should be regarded as prerequisites.

미래의 사망가능성 감소에 대한 지불의사금액과 통계적 인간생명의 가치 측정 : 환경적 피해와 환경정책의 평가를 위한 통계적 인간생명의 가치 The Value of a Statistical Life for Assessing Environmental Damages and Policies

신영철,조승헌 한국환경경제학회 한국자원경제학회 2003 자원·환경경제연구 Vol.12 No.1

This study used a slightly modified version of contingent valuation questionnaire designed and developed by Krupnick et al.(2000) to estimate the value of mortality risk reduction for environmental policy. Because that environmental policy, especially air pollution policy with some latency main effect on mortality risk reduction of old people with some latency period, respondents were asked about their current WTP for 5/1,000 mortality risk reduction being to take place beginning at 70 over the course of ten years. The annual mean WTP is 233,370 won (standard error 32,570 won) in spike/continuous/interval data model. The implied VSL is 466 million won. The 95% confidence interval is 339 million won ∼ 594 million won.