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리튬 금속 음극의 첨가제 효과에 따른 전기 화학적 특성에 관한 연구
조성미,조원일,조병원,주재백,손태원,Cho, S.M.,Lee, S.W.,Cho, B.W.,Ju, J.B.,Sohn, T.W. 한국전기화학회 2002 한국전기화학회지 Vol.5 No.3
리튬 이차 전지에서 음극으로 리튬 금속은 매우 높은 에너지 밀도를 가치고 있으나 짧은 충방전 수명, 안정성 결여 및 고율 충방전특성 불량 등의 단점을 가지고 있다. 이는 리튬큼속과 전해액의 반응에 의해 표면보호막의 형성, 침상리튬 생성, 음극 표면적의 증가로 인한 리튬석출의 불균일성에 기인되어 싸이클 효율과 수명이 저하된다. 본 연구는 전해 액에 첨가제 benzene, toluene, tetramethylethylenediamine를 넣어 줌으로 전지 테스트에서 싸이클 효율과 수명이 향상됨을 확인 할 수 있었다. Impedance 측정결과 필름 저항의 감소와 전하전이 저항의 증가로 전해액의 첨가제가 리튬 표면에 새로운 층을 형성시킴으로서 이런 구성물들이 리튬과 전해액과의 반응성을 억제시킴과 동시에 리튬이 특이적으로 표면에 흡착되어 리튬의 석출 형태가 향상된 것으로 사료된다. The use of lithium metal anode at lithium metal secondary battery can provide the very high energy density. Nevertheless, there are some problems that are short cycle life, lack of safety and poor thermal stability. Cycle life and cycling efficiency decline due to passivating films, dendritic lithium and increasing surface film by the reaction of lithium metal and electrolyte. This work investigated the additive effect of benzene, toluene, tetram-ethylethylenediamine, into the electrolyte. The cycling efficiency and cyclability are improved. The reason is confirmed by decreasing film resistance and increasing polarization resistance at AC impedance analysis. Electrolyte additive has a relatively less reactivity than electrolytes lithium and is adsorbed on lithium leading to suppression of the reaction between the electrolyte and lithium as well as an improvement in the lithium deposition mophology.
청보리 사일리지 첨가 발효사료가 임신돈의 분 성상 및 악취물질 농도에 미치는 효과
조성백,김창현,황옥화,박준철,김동운,성하균,양승학,박규현,최동윤,유용희,Cho, S.B.,Kim, C.H.,Hwang, O.H.,Park, J.C.,Kim, D.W.,Sung, H.G.,Yang, S.H.,Park, K.H.,Choi, D.Y.,Yoo, Y.H. 한국축산환경학회 2011 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.17 No.3
본 연구는 청보리 사일리지가 첨가된 발효사료를 임신돈에 급여하였을 때 분에서의 악취물질 농도와 미생물 변화를 조사하고, 변비예방 효과를 확인하기 위하여 수행되었다. 1. in vitro 시험결과 페놀은 타피오카, 비트펄프, 밀기울, 루핀종실에서 검출되지 않았으며, p-크레졸은 9.62~52.11 mg/L 범위로 검출되었는데, 루핀종실이 가장 높았고, 타피오카가 가장 낮았다. 또한 타피오카와 비트펄프에서는 인돌과 스카톨이 검출되지 않아 악취저감용 원료사료로 타피오카와 비트펄프가 가장 유용한 것으로 평가되었다. 2. 비트펄프를 기초로 배합한 악취저감사료를 28일간 임신돈에 급여한 후 분을 채취하여 성상을 조사한 결과 대조구에 비하여 발효사료 급여구에서 수분함량이 높고 경도가 낮았으며, 대장균 (E. coli) 수는 적었으며, 유산균 (lactobacilus) 수는 많았다. 3. 돼지의 분 중 p-크레졸과 스카톨 농도를 측정한 결과 대조구에서는 각각 33%와 67%가 검출한계 이하로 조사되었으나, 발효사료 구에서는 각각 67%와 100% 검출한계 이하로서 조사되어 발효사료를 섭취한 돼지의 분에서 악취가 감소될 수 있었다. 4. 따라서 임신돈에 청보리사일리지가 첨가된 발효사료를 급여하였을 때 대장의 기능이 개선되어 변비예방과 악취감소의 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것이다. The study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding fermented diet including whole crop barley silage on the odor reduction and microbial population change in feces, and the constipation prevention of pregnant sows. The concentration of phenol was not detected in tapioca, beet pulp, wheat bran and lupin seeds, while that of p-cresol was ranged between 9.62 and 52.11 mg/L showing that lupin was highest and tapioca was lowest. It was determined that tapioca and beet pulp were useful feed ingredients to reduce odor due to their lower contents of phenol and indole compounds. Ten pregnant sows were allocated to control group and fermented diet group in 5 sows in each group. They were fed 3.0 kg DM/d of diets for 28 days. Feces was examined and showed that the feces from the fermented diet group was observed with the higher moisture content and the lower hardness than that of the control diet group and the population of E. coli was decreased and the population of lactobacilus was higher than that of the control diet group. The concentrations of p-cresol and skatole were lower than the detection levels at 33% and 67% among the samples of feces of the control group and at 67% and 100% among the samples of the feces of fermented diet group respectively. Thus it is expected that the odor from the feces of pregnant sows fed the fermented diet could be reduced compared with that of control group. Therefore, it is suggested that feeding fermented whole barley diet to pregnant sows improve the function of intestine and reduce the rate of occurrences of constipation and odor levels.
니켈 - 아연 페라이트복합재의 자기적특성과 전파흡수특성
조성백(S. B. Cho),오재희(J. H. Oh) 한국자기학회 1993 韓國磁氣學會誌 Vol.3 No.2
The relationship between magnetic parameter and microwave absorbing performance evaluation factor of electomagnetic wave absorber such as matching frequency, matching thickness were investigated for Ni-Zn ferrite composites. It was identified that the maximum value of μ_r is shift to low frequency with decrese Ni / Zn ratio and the value of μ_r is maximum in the case of Ni / Zn=1. All Ni-Zn ferrite composites in this study have two matching frequencies in 1-12 ㎓ frequency. It can be suggested that f_(m1) is proportional to resonance frequency and f_(m2) is proportional to the saturation magnetization.
조성백,김동운,양승학,박규현,최동윤,유용희,황옥화,Cho, S.B.,Kim, D.W.,Yang, S.H.,Park, K.H.,Choi, D.Y.,Yoo, Y.H.,Hwang, O.H. 한국축산환경학회 2012 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.18 No.3
본 연구는 유산균과 효모로 구성된 혼합 생균제를 양돈 사료에 첨가하여 양돈용 발효사료를 제조하기 위한 최적 발효조건 구명 및 발효사료 급여에 의한 돼지 장내 환경변화를 평가하고, 원료사료별 발효능을 측정하기 위해 수행되었다. 1. 양돈 발효사료의 유산균과 효모 수를 측정하였을 때 사료 내 혼합 생균제 첨가수준은 0.25%, 수분 함량은 40~50% 정도가 적정하였다. 2. 비육돈에 발효사료를 급여하였을 때가 발효되지 않은 사료를 급여하였을 때보다 소화율은 유의적인 차이가 없었지만 분 중 휘발성지방산의 농도가 높게 나타났다. 3. 양돈용 단미사료의 발효특성을 확인하기 위하여 휘발성지방산의 농도를 측정한 결과, 비트펄프와 타피오카가 우수한 발효기질로 확인되었다. This study was conducted to determine the effect of feed additives including probiotics, moisture and feed ingredients and the effect of fermented feed on digestibility and volatile fatty acid (VFA) level in finishing pigs. Feed was mixed with microbials including Saccharomyces, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus and Pediococcus together with different levels of probiotics, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3%. Addition of probiotics showed improved fermentation rate after 48 h incubation. To determine the optimal moisture level for fermentation, different levels of water, 30, 40, 50 and 60%, were added into the feed. Fermentation rate of feed with 40~50% moisture level was higher than that from 60% level at 60 h post-fermentation. In vitro fermentation rate of feed ingredients was analyzed by comparing VFA levels. Beet pulp and tapioca showed higher fermentation rate compare to other ingredients including canola meal or rapeseed meal. To determine the effect of administration of fermented feed In vivo, feces from finishing pigs were analyzed. Finishing pigs administrated with fermented feed showed improved digestibility and higher volatile fatty acid (VFA) level. In conclusion, results from the current study indicate that 40~50% of moisture with addition of beet pulp and tapioca in feed is optimal condition for fermentation. Furthermore, our data suggest that fermentation of feed can improve the feed quality and digestibility, thereby provide more nutrient in finishing pigs.
비화학양론적 조성이 니켈 - 아연 페라이트의 전파흡수특성에 미치는 영향
조성백(S. B. Cho),오재희(J. H. Oh) 한국자기학회 1995 韓國磁氣學會誌 Vol.5 No.1
The systematic variation of complex permeability and complex permittivity and their relationship with microwave absorbing properties are investigated in sintered Ni-Zn ferrites of non-stoichiometric composition. The specimens of (Ni_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)O)_(1-x)(Fe₂O₃)_(1+x) spinels were prepared by a conventional ceramic processing technique. In the present study, complex permeability and permittivity can be controlled by the variation of α-Fe₂O₃ contents in the spinel lattice. The primary effect of the excess α-Fe₂O₃ is to increase the dielectric constant, while the notable decrease of magnetic loss is observed in the iron-deficient ferrites. The results suggest that the matching frequency and matching thickness could be controlled by the variation of α-Fe₂O₃ contents in the Ni-Zn ferrite.
모형 슬러리 돈사 활용한 분뇨의 저장기간별 악취물질 농도 조사
이강훈,조성백,박규현,양승학,이준엽,오상집,김인호,최동윤,유용희,황옥화,Lee, K.H.,Cho, S.B.,Park, K.H.,Yang, S.H.,Lee, J.Y.,Ohh, S.J.,Kim, I.H.,Choi, D.Y.,Yoo, Y.H.,Hwang, O.H. 한국축산환경학회 2012 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.18 No.suppl.
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of storage time of manure on the concentration of odorous compounds. Levels of odorous compounds were measured from manure incubated in $20^{\circ}C$ for 6 wk in pilot chamber whose structure is similar to slurry pit. Levels of short chain fatty acids were decreased (p<0.05) by 4,159, 1,925, 844, and 483 ppm as storage time increased as 0, 2, 4, and 6wk, respectively. Transfatty acid level was not changed for 2wk but decreased (p<0.05) afterwards (levels were 250, 248, 151, and 61 ppm at 0, 2, 4, 6wk, respectively). Levels of phenol compounds were decreased (p<0.05) by 68, 48, 26, and 9 as storage time increased as 0, 2, 4, 6wk, respectively. Phenol concentration was increased whereas p-cresol level was decreased as storage time increased showing ratios of phenol and p-cresol were 6:94, 34:66, 51:49, and 67:33 at 0, 2, 4, and 6wk, respectively. Concentration of indole compounds was not different for 2wk but increased (p<0.05) after 4wk. The ratios of indole and skatole were 71:29, 42:58, 28:72, and 36:64 at 0, 2, 4, and 6wk, respectively. Skatole concentration was increased as storage time increased. Therefore, our current results indicate that levels of volatile fatty acid and phenol compounds were deceased but indole compounds were increased as manure storage time was increased. 본 연구는 돈사 슬러리 피트와 유사한 형태의 모형의 아크릴 반응조에서 분뇨를 6주간 배양하면서 2주 간격으로 악취물질의 농도를 측정하기 위해 수행되었다. 1. 분뇨를 6주간 저장하는 동안 2주 간격으로 단쇄지방산의 농도를 측정하였을 때 시간이 경과함에 따라 뚜렷하게 감소하였으며(p<0.05), 이성체지방산의 농도는 저장 4주 이후 크게 감소되었다(p<0.05). 2. 분뇨 저장기간별 페놀류 농도는 0, 2, 4, 6주에 각각 68.27, 47.69, 26.08, 8.84 ppm으로 시간 경과와 함께 크게 감소되었다(p<0.05). 3. 그러나 분뇨를 6주간 저장하는 동안 인돌류 농도는 저장 4주부터 증가되었다(p<0.05).