미등록 외국인근로자 실태 및 노동법상 문제점

조규식(Cho, Kyu-Sik),이선희(Lee, Sun-Hee) 한국법이론실무학회 2017 법률실무연구 Vol.5 No.2

국내에서 체류하며 근로를 제공하는 외국인들이 증가하고 있는 가운데, 출입국관리법 및 외국인근로자의 고용 등에 관한 법률상의 요건을 충족하지 못함으로써 발생하는 미등록 외국인근로자의 법적지위 문제가 심각한 사회적 문제로 대두되고 있다. 즉, 외국인근로자에는 체류자격을 가지고 적법하게 사업장에서 근로를 제공하고 있는 외국인근로자 외에도 체류자격 없이 근로를 제공하고 있는 미등록 외국인근로자가 존재한다. 특히 미등록 외국인근로자들은 불법적으로 국내에 취업하거나, 법적 체류기간이 경과하였음에도 불구하고 계속하여 국내에 남아 취업하여 근로하고 있거나, 체류자격의 법적 요건을 위반하여 국내에서 근로를 제공하고 있는자들을 포함하는 개념이다. 이러한 미등록 외국인근로자의 공통된 특징은 임금을 목적으로 근로를 제공하고 있거나 제공하기를 희망하지만, 관련 법률상의 법적요건을 충족하지 못하여 신분상 불안정한 상태에 있다는 것이다. 물론 대법원 판결에 의하면 미등록 외국인근로자의 경우에도 근기법 및 노조법상 근로자성이 인정되고, 나아가 노동조합의 설립을 통해 근로조건 향상을 위한 활동도 합법적으로 할 수 있다. 하지만, 최근 언론을 통해 나타난 산업현장에서 미등록 외국인근로자의 근로조건은 매우 열악한 것으로 나타나고 있다. 미등록 외국인근로자의 발생을 방지할 수 있도록 근본적으로는 법제도의 개선이 우선적으로 필요하다. 그럼에도 불구하고 만약 미등록 외국인근로자가 발생하였다면, 이들이 국내에서 근로제공을 하고 체류하는 한 대법원 판례에서 판시하고 있는 것처럼 노동관계법상 권리는 보장되어야 한다. 더불어 최소한의 인간다운 생활의 보장 역시 이루어져야 할 것이다. The problem of legal status of unregistered foreign workers arising as a result of failing to meet the requirements of the Immigration Control Act and the employment of foreign workers is becoming a serious social problem as the number of foreigners who work and stay in Korea is increasing. In other words, there are foreign workers who are not legally entitled to work, and who are not legally entitled to work, in addition to foreign workers who legally work in the workplace with the status of residence. In particular, unregistered foreign workers may be employed illegally in Korea, or who continue to work in the country despite the fact that their legal stay has lapsed, or who are working in Korea due to violation of the legal requirements of their status of residence Concept. A common characteristic of these unregistered foreign workers is that they are providing or offering to work for wage purposes but are in an unstable position because they fail to meet the legal requirements of relevant laws. Of course, according to the Supreme Courts ruling, unregistered foreign workers can also be legally recognized for their worker status under the Labor Standard Act and Labor union & Labor Relations Adjustment Act, and for the improvement of working conditions through the establishment of labor unions. However, the working conditions of unregistered foreign workers are very poor in the industrial field that has recently been shown through media. In order to prevent the occurrence of unregistered foreign workers, it is necessary to improve the legal system in the beginning. Nevertheless, if unregistered foreign workers have occurred, as long as they provide labor and stay in Korea, Relevant legal rights should be guaranteed. In addition, there should be at least a guarantee of human life.

[지정토론문] 근로계약법제의 과제와 전망

조규식(Cho, Kyu-Sik) 한국법학원 2017 저스티스 Vol.- No.158-3

경영상해고제도의 단계별 운용방안

조규식(Cho, Kyu-Sik) 서강대학교 법학연구소 2014 서강법률논총 Vol.3 No.2

restructuring typically refers to a process of employee layoffs which is implemented to cut jobs or reorganize personnel makeup, in accordance with a corporate rationalization program due to an economic, industry structural or technological reason. In other words, restructuring, unlike ordinary dismissal or disciplinary dismissal, is carried out for an economic reason of the employer, with no reason directly attributable to the employees chosen for dismissal. Henceforth comes the need to seek to upgrade the specific actions in each of the stages of the restructuring process to minimize the loss of interests for both employers and workers during and after the process, and to improve the existing relevant programs and increase mutual cooperation to facilitate re-employment of the dismissed workers and protect their living in a substantial way. The Economic and Social Development Commission, recognizing the need, has divided the restructuring program into three stages and discussed the way in which each stage should be implemented. Stage 1 (Planning) concerns the preparation of administrative assistance to make an accurate judgment on the company"s economic conditions before restructuring takes place. Stage 2 (Consultation) includes the preparation of the coordinating and supportive measures to minimize the adverse effect of restructuring on the parties involved, that is, employers and workers. Stage 3 involves the efforts to improve the existing programs to facilitate re-employment of the workers dismissed in the restructuring process and protect their living, and to increase cooperation among social partners, the government, civic groups and other stakeholder in overcoming the consequent difficulties. Every restructuring process must be implemented in a way that can fulfill the underlying objective of the process and minimize the prejudice to the interests of the interested parties. Along with that, institutional arrangements should be in place to encourage concerted efforts to ride over the difficulties involved.

노조법상 근로자대표

조규식(Cho, kyu sik) 한국비교노동법학회 2011 노동법논총 Vol.22 No.-

The establishment of the capitalist economic system with a spontaneously organized a union for them against the law or with the employer in relation to national security and protect employee’s on the side of three rights came to take an interest. Existence and activities of trade unions to gain legitimacy for the country and to secure independence for the employer was true because more important. But today, even if developed countries as well as the country’s employment in accordance with changes in the environment has been the emergence of new employees. In addition, the union’s illegal financial operations and decision making structure is the problem. These issues were examined in several aspects to improve. First, the union representing the problem of the representation is limited. Authorized the signing of a collective agreement with representatives of the union, but union representatives only if the abuse occurred and by the terms of the combination should be to limit the rights. Second, is to improve the transparency of financial operations. In order to improve the transparency of financial operations audit shall ensure the independence and professionalism. Finally, the abuses of labor union rights for the supervision and control system should be established. In addition, irregular employees shall endeavor to protect. These efforts for their members, as well as changes in consciousness and commitment is required.

일반연구논문 ; 비정규직 보호규제의 현실과 법의역할

조규식 ( Kyu Sik Cho ),노정휘 ( Jeung Hwee Loh ) 한국법정책학회 2014 법과 정책연구 Vol.14 No.3

1980년대 이후 전세계적으로 비정규직의 증가가 지속적으로 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 현상은 거시적으로 경제구조의 서비스화라는 노동수요 측면의 변화와 노동력의 여성화·고령화 등 노동공급 측면의 변화로 설명되지만, 미시적으로는 노동비용 감축과 노무관리의 편의성이라는 기업 경영전략 등에 기인하는 것으로 보인다. 우리나라에서도 2000년 이후 비정규직 문제가 노동시장 문제의 최대 현안으로 등장하였고, 이러한 문제를 개선하고자 2006년 12월 일명 비정규직보호법 3개 법안이 제·개정되어 비정규직 문제의 새로운 전환점을 제공하였다. 하지만,이와 같은 정부의 노력에도 불구하고 비정규직 관련 문제가 끊이지 않고 있어법의 실효성에 대한 의문이 제기되고 있다. 따라서 본 글은 비정규직보호법 시행 이후 비정규직의 규모변화 및 근로조건 등 전반적인 실태 등에 대해 검토한 후, 이를 바탕으로 현행 비정규직보호법의 핵심적 내용이라 할 수 있는 고용안정과 차별금지 측면으로 나누어 각각에 있어서 법의역할에 대해 살펴보았다. 우선, 고용안정 측면에서 제도 개선을 중심으로 한 단기적 조치가 시급히 요구 되지만, 궁극적으로는 기간제 근로자에 대한 기한제한 방식을 그대로 유지하면서 그 해당 업무가 반복·갱신이 이루어진 경우, 또는 해당 근로자가 계약기간 2년을 초과할 시점에서 근로계약이 종료되고 다른 근로자로 대체되어 몇 회간 반복되는 경우에 그 갱신기대권 법리의 적용방식에 대해 고민해 볼 필요가 있다. 그리고 차별금지에 있어서는 전면적인 개선이 시급히 필요하다는 전제하에 여전히 논란이 되고 있는 차별시정 주체의 확대 및 차별적 처우 판단 시 비교대상자에 대한 합리적 기준의 재정립이 필요하다고 본다. As of July 1, 2014, it has been seven years since the enactment of and the amendments to the law on irregular with the stated purpose of protecting the irregular. However, the concerns and the controversies over the law that arose during the enhancement process have become reality. For instance, the original goals of the law, employment security and anti-discrimination, are somehow being used as means of business restructuring under the socio-economic environments resulted from the global economic crisis. In this regard, this paper attempts to review the problems of the current irregular protection law comprehensively. First of all, as for the issue of employment security, while short-term measures including the improvement of the current system are urgently needed, this paper propose that we impose the requirement of the causes for repeated renewal in long run. In addition, as for the issue of anti-discrimination, this paper discusses the solutions for the issues that might become controversies such as the enlargement of the applicants for relief and the standard for reasonable cause.

특수형태근로종사자 보호를 위한 입법적 방안

조규식(Cho kyu sik) 원광대학교 법학연구소 2017 圓光法學 Vol.33 No.2

외환위기 이후 노동시장의 유연화 또는 탄력화가 급격히 진행되는 과정에서 특수형태근로종사자의 규모는 서비스 직종을 중심으로 빠르게 증가하였다. 그 발생 원인에 대해서는 다양한 견해가 제시되고 있으나, 특히 중요한 원인은 노동법상의 사용자 지위를 부담하지 않음으로써 노동법상 사용자 의무를 회피할 수 있다는 장점이 기업에게 부각되었기 때문이다. 이들은 근로자와 유사한 방식으로 노동력을 제공함에도 불구하고 근로자로 인정받지 못해 고용 보호의 사각지대에 놓여 있다. 이로 인해 고용 불안정, 근로기준이 없어 기본적 권익을 보호받지 못하는 점, 권익 침해 시 구제 제도의 미비, 사회보험의 제한적 수혜로 인한 개인적 부담 가중 등의 문제점이 누적되고 있고 이것이 관련 산업에도 나쁜 영향을 미치고 있다. 따라서 특수형태근로종사자에 관한 보호 입법이 특별법 형식으로 마련될 필요가 있다. 다만 이 경우에도 그 경계선에 있는 근로자들이 특수형태근로자화(化)될 수 있다는 점 역시 분명하게 예상되므로 이에 대한 입법적 대비가 필요하다. In the process of softening or resilience of the labor market after the financial crisis, the size of special forms of workers increased rapidly, mainly in service occupations. There are various views on the cause of the problem, but it is especially important that the company does not bear the status of the employer in the labor law and thus avoids the obligation of the employer in labor law. Although they provide labor in a similar way to workers, they are not recognized as workers and are in the blind spot for employment protection. This has resulted in accumulation of problems such as unstable employment, lack of basic rights due to lack of working standards, inadequate remedies for infringement of rights and interests, and increased personal burden due to the limited benefits of social insurance. Therefore, it is necessary to establish protection measures through the establishment of special laws for the protection of special forms of workers. Of course, if special legislation on special forms of work is enacted, legislative preparations are necessary because workers at those boundaries can be converted into special forms of work.

노동시장 취약계층 근로자의 이익대변 활성화 방안

유성재(Yu, Seoung-Jae),조규식(Cho, Kyu-Sik) 한국비교노동법학회 2015 노동법논총 Vol.35 No.-

As the quantitative flexibility grows in labor market of Korea, the types of employment are diversified and various employee groups which related in complex interest relations are in one company or in single place of business. And there are many controversies related the role of labor union’s role of representative and adjustment between various type of employees. Especially, the characteristics of korea’s labor market is polarization, and this polarization is mainly due to labor unions’s interest pursuit strategy for large company and regular worker. To solve these polarization and dual structure of labor market problem, each policy targeted groups should recognize self interest relation and activate the aggressive system for representative. This study reviews the status of vulnerable social group and the system of interest representative for the employees. To seek the resonable alternatives, System Enterprise Committee in France and Works Council in Germany are studied for representative activation model by Labor Management Council. And fair representation duty system in Korea and various systems in U.S.A are studied for representative activation model by labor union. As a result of reviewing, the restriction of bargaining unit separation system is drawn and the direction of improvement is suggested. Finally, the directions of revision of related law are suggested, as well.

KSR-Ⅲ 액체 로켓엔진 설계점 연소시험

김승한(Seung-Han Kim),조규식(Gyu-Sik Cho),한영민(Yeoung-Min Han),서성현(Seong-Hyun Seo),문일윤(Il-Yoon Moon),이광진(Kwang-Jin Lee),김종규(Jong-Kyu Kim),설우석(Woo-Seok Seol),이수용(Soo-Yong Lee) 한국항공우주연구원 2003 항공우주기술 Vol.2 No.1

AHP기법에 의한 토사사면 조사항목 평가

이종영(Lee Jong-Young),홍기권(Hong Ki-Kwon),조규식(Cho Kyu-Sik),한중근(Han Jung-Geun) 대한토목학회 2009 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.10

유럽의 차세대 로켓 및 엔진 개발동향

김철웅(Kim, Cheul-Woong),임하영(Lim, Ha-Young),조규식(Cho, Kyu-Sik) 한국항공우주연구원 2018 항공우주산업기술동향 Vol.16 No.2

SpaceX의 성공적인 재사용 로켓 개발과 저비용 운용의 실현은 유럽의 우주산업 기관과 업체에 큰 충격을 주고 있다. 이에 유럽은 발사체 서비스와 위성시장의 변화에 적극 대처하고자 재사용이 가능한 저비용발사체 검증 시제인 CALLISTO 로켓의 개발을 시작했고, 민간 기업들과 저궤도 마이크로 위성 수요에 대응하기 위한 소형발사체 선행연구 계약을 체결했다. 엔진차원에서는 메탄을 연료로 사용하는 Prometheus 엔진을 중점 개발하고 있으며, 저비용 고신뢰도를 목표로 다양한 형태의 엔진들을 선행 연구하고 있다. The successful development and low-cost operation of SpaceX"s reusable rocket have given a great shock to the European space industry. In order to respond to the changes in the global launch vehicle service and satellite market, Europe began to develop CALLISTO demonstration launch vehicle which has the purpose to verify the optimal type of a reusable rocket, and concluded contracts about preliminary studies with European private companies to meet new demands of micro-satellites. With respect to rocket engine the methane fueled Prometheus engine is being developed, and researches on various types of engines for low-cost and high reliability are under way.