불만표명행위의 상호작용에 대한 한중일 대조연구 -부담도의 차이를 중심으로-

鄭賢兒(Jung, Hyun-A) 한국일본어학회 2021 日本語學硏究 Vol.- No.68

In this study, similarities and differences of linguistic strategies used by Korean, Chinese and Japanese male and female college students in situations involving different levels of imposition, one with a high degree of imposition and the other with a low degree, are analyzed and discussed quantitatively with special attention given to the interactions of complaint expressing acts. Firstly, male and female college students in Korea, China and Japan show a common tendency to use an expression of apology, explanation of reason, confirmation of situation, admission of responsibility, self-justification, presence of compensation, and soothing speech more frequently than other linguistic strategies when they are a complainant in situations with a lower degree of imposition. Further, the complainants tend to use the confirmation of situation, direct and indirect expression of complaint, active improvement request and concession speech more often than other linguistic strategies in common. Next, the complainants tend to use in common an expression of apology, explanation of reason, confirmation of situation, admission of responsibility, evasion of responsibility, self-improvement, self-justification, presence of alternative, presence of compensation, and soothing speech more frequently than other linguistic strategies in situations with a higher degree of imposition. In addition, the complainants exhibit a common trend of using confirmation of situation, direct and indirect expression of complaint, active improvement request and concession speech more often than other linguistic strategies.

相互作用における謝罪行動の韓日?照?究 : 韓日男女母語話者の使用傾向を中心に

정현아(Jung Hyun A,鄭賢?) 韓國外國語大學校 外國學綜合硏究센터 日本硏究所 2015 日本硏究 Vol.0 No.64

본연구는, 정신적인 피해를 준 경우의 사죄장면을 설정하여 한일남녀모어화자의 "사죄"라는 언어행동의 상호작용의 특징을 밝히는 것을 목적으로 한 것이다. 조건통제를 한 한일남녀모어화자의 대학생 친구간의 64회화를 분석대상으로 하였으며, 그 결과는 아래와 같다. 한일남녀모어화자의 사죄하는 쪽은, 주로 "상황설명, 사죄, 책임관련, 대인배려발화문"을 사용하며, 사죄 받는 쪽은, 주로 "사태확인, 비난, 양보, 문제해결발화문" 을 사용하여 문제가 되는 내용을 해결하기 위하여 서로 적극적으로 상호작용을 행하고 있었다. 특히 한국어모어화자는 사죄하는 쪽이 "과실수급발화문"을 많이 사용하는 경향이 보였다. 그러나 한국남성은 한국여성보다, "책임관련발화문"과 "비난발화문"을 많이 사용하였고, 한국여성은 한국남성보다 "상황설명, 대인배려발화문"과 "양보발화문"을 많이 사용하였다. 특히 한국여성은 대안(代案)을 제시하는 "과실수급발화문"을 많이 사용하고 있기 때문에 사죄내용이 사죄 받는 쪽에게 받아들여지는 회화가 많이 나타나는 특징이 보였다. 한편, 일본남성은 일본여성보다, "상황설명발화문"과 "비난발화문"을 많이 사용하였고, 일본여성은 일본남성보다, "사죄, 대인배려발화문"과 "사태확인, 양보, 문제해결발화문"을 많이 사용하였다. 즉, 여성 쪽이 상대의 face를 배려하는 발화문을 많이 사용하는 경향이 있고, 남성 쪽이 상대의 face를 침해하는 발화문을 보다 많이 사용하는 경향이 나타났다. The present study aimed to compare the similarity and difference of 'Apologetic behaviors' in interaction, using 64 conversations between college friends of Korean male and female native speakers and Japanese male and female native speakers, respectively. Both Japanese and Korean male and female native speakers that are obliged to apologize mainly used 'utterances of situational explanation, apology, accountability and/or interpersonal consideration' while those worthy apology mainly used 'utterances of situation confirmation, blame, concession and/or problem solving'. In detail, Korean native speakers who have to apologize mainly used 'utterances of mistake adjustment'. In apologetic interaction, in addition, Japanese male native speakers more used 'utterances of situational explanation' and 'utterances of blame' than Japanese female native speakers while Japanese female native speakers more used 'utterances of apology and interpersonal consideration' than Japanese male native speakers. In the meantime, Korean male native speakers showed apologetic interaction of using more 'utterances of accountability' and 'utterances of blame' than Korean female native speakers while Korean female native speakers more used 'utterances of situation explanation and/or interpersonal consideration' and 'utterances of concession' than Korean male native speakers. Particularly, Korean female native speakers used 'utterances of mistake adjustment' very often by proposing an alternative, so they had more conversations that accept apology. That is, it was found that females had tendency to more use considerate utterances for the other party's face while males tended to use utterances of hurting the other party's face more.

相互作用の觀点で見る謝罪行動の結果について -韓日女性母語話者の使用傾向を中心に-

정현아 ( Jung Hyun-a ) 한국일어교육학회 2017 일본어교육연구 Vol.0 No.40

本硏究は、韓日女性母語話者1)の謝罪行動の相互作用による結果の特徵を中心に、つまり、受け入れる場合や受け入れない場合の特徵を明らかにすることを主な目的とした。特に、韓日女性母語話者の會話例を質的に分析し、韓國と日本の對人コミュニケ一ションの特徵まで探ることを試みた 受け入れる謝罪行動の相互作用の「謝罪關連發話文」をみると、「謝罪發話文」は日本女性母語話者で多く用いられており、「過失修復發話文」は、韓國女性母語話者で若干多く用いられているが、これらの發話文以外は、韓日による相違点はあまり見られなかった。日本女性母語話者の方が、「謝罪定型表現」が現れることを重要に捉えており、韓國女性母語話者では、自分の過失を修復するため積極的に動き掛ける謝罪する側の相互作用を肯定的に評價する傾向が明確に見られた。次に、「應答關連發話文」では「非難發話文」と「問題解決發話文」は韓國女性母語話者で若干多く用いられており、「受諾發話文」は日本女性母語話者で多く用いられていた 受け入れない謝罪行動の相互作用の「謝罪關連發話文」をみると、「狀況說明發話文」は韓國女性母語話者で若干多く用いられており、「意向變更發話文」は日本女性母語話者で多く用いられているが、これらの發話文以外は韓日による相違点はあまり現れなかった。第三者にも迷惑をかけることになる本硏究の謝罪場面では「迷惑」に關する强い意識を持っている日本女性母語話者で「意向變更發話文」が多く現れたと考えられる。次に、「應答關連發話文」では「非難發話文」は韓國女性母語話者で多く用いられており、「事態確認發話文」や「問題解決發話文」は日本女性母語話者で多く用いられていた。 This paper focuses on the results of the interaction of apologetic behaviors of Korean and Japanese female native speakers. In other words, the main purpose is to reveal characteristics of the cases where apology is accepted and where apology is not accepted. In particular, by making a qualitative analysis of conversation examples of Korean and Japanese female native speakers, we tried to identify the characteristics of interpersonal communication of Korea and Japan. In the “apology related utterance” of interactions in which apology is accepted, "apology utterance" is often used in Japanese female native speakers, and "mistake restoration utterance" is used a little in Korean female native speakers, but apart from these utterances, the difference between Korea and Japan was not very great. Japanese female native speakers responded sensitively to determinants such as the weight of the burden of other party, the degree of one`s own interests in the scene of apology, and considered to be important that "apology formal expression" appeared. In the “apology related utterance" of interactions in which apology is not accepted, "situation explanation utterance" appeared a little in Korean female native speakers, and " intention change utterance" appeared in Japanese female native speakers, but apart from these utterances, the difference between Korea and Japan was not very great. Next, in the "response related utterance", "blame utterance" was often used in Korean female native speakers, and "situation confirming utterance" and "problem solving utterance" show a tendency to be used in Japanese female native speakers.

이명(耳鳴)의 한방치료에 대한 최신 연구 동향

정현아 ( Hyun A Jung ) 대전대학교 한의학연구소 2011 혜화의학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Objectives: This study is to research the trend of the oriantal medical treatment for tinnitus and to establish the hereafter direction for the study on oriantal medical treatment for tinnitus. Methods: We reviewed the domestic articles published last eleven years(2000- 2010). Results: We have searched 21 articles in 5 journals of korean oriental medical ophthalmology &dermatology, korean acupuncture & moxibustion, korean oriental medicine, oriental physiology & pathology, sasang constitutional medicine. 1. There were the most research done 2006. They have 5 articles. In other years there were 3 or less articles. 2. The pattern of study was as follow: the consideration of documents were 5, clinical trials were 6, case studies were 8 and the others were 2. the rate of case studies were increased. 3. After mid 2000s, there were more studies of new research method appearing. Conclusions: The oriental medical treatment already effective for tinnitus. But we need more studies about various kind of oriental medical treatment for tinnitus.

저장기간에 따른 솔잎분말 첨가 쿠키의 품질특성

정현아 ( Hyeon A Jung ),김수현 ( Su Hyun Kim ),이민애 ( Min Ae Lee ) 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2009 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.16 No.4

이명과 이충만감을 동반한 돌발성 난청 치험 1례

김경한 ( Kyung Han Kim ),정현아 ( Hyun A Jung ) 대전대학교 한의학연구소 2013 혜화의학회지 Vol.22 No.1

This study describes a case of sudden sensorineural hearing loss(SSNHL) accompanied with adjunctive symptoms including tinnitus and aural fullness. In this case, we evaluated the effect of Korean medicine treatment for SSNHL accompanied with adjunctive symptoms including tinnitus and aural fullness. We treated 1 SSNHL patient who had adjunctive symptoms of tinnitus and aural fullness. After Korean medical treatment for 9 days, two approaches were used in order to evaluate the effect of the treatment. The hearing recovery was measured with pure tone audiometry, and the decrease of tinnitus and aural fullness was identified by patient`s subjective expression. After Korean medical treatments, clinical symptoms of SSNHL accompanied with adjunctive symptoms including tinnitus and aural fullness were considered improved. This study shows that the Korean medical treatment effects on the SSNHL accompanied with adjunctive symptoms including tinnitus and aural fullness.

화용론적 관점에서 본 사죄행동의 상호작용에 대한 한일대조 - 물질적·신체적·정신적 피해 상황을 중심으로 -

정현아 ( Jung Hyun-a ) 한국일어교육학회 2018 일본어교육연구 Vol.0 No.45

본 연구는, 물질적·신체적·정신적 피해상황에서 일어나는 사죄행동의 상호작용의 특징을 한일남녀대학생 144 대화데이터를 분석하여 고찰하였다. 정량적 분석을 중심으로 그 상호작용을 통해 나타나는 언어전략의 운용실태 및 대인배려행동의 전체상을 밝히는 시도를 하고자 한다. 물질적인 피해상황에서 사죄자는 사죄표명, 상황확인, 상황부정, 책임인정, 달래기, 피해변상발화문을, 피사죄자는 사태확인, 직접비난, 간접비난, 직접변상요구, 간접변상요구, 양보, 승낙발화문을 공통적으로 사용하고 있었다. 하지만 JMF는 주로 사죄표명과 피해변상발화문만으로, KMF는 사죄표명과 함께 피해변상, 달래기발화문으로 상대방의 불쾌감을 완화시키려는 언어전략을 구사하고 있었다. 특히 JF는 사죄자가 감사, 양보부정발화문을, 피사죄자는 양보, 승낙발화문을 통해 보다 적극적으로 대인배려행동을 나타내려는 경향을 보였다. 신체적인 피해상황에서 사죄자는 사죄표명, 상태확인, 책임인정, 달래기, 피해대처발화문을, 피사죄자는 상태표명, 직접비난, 간접비난, 피해대처, 양보, 승낙발화문을 공통적으로 사용하고 있었다. 하지만 KMF는 사죄표명과 함께 달래기, 피해보상, 피해대처발화문을 통해, JMF는 주로 사죄표명과 달래기, 피해대처 발화문을 통해 상대방의 불쾌감을 완화시키려는 언어전략을 구사하고 있었다. 정신적인 피해상황에서 사죄표명, 화제도입확인, 상황확인, 책임인정, 달래기, 불만표명을, 피사죄자는 화제도입, 상황표명, 직접비난, 간접비난, 양보발화문을 공통적으로 사용하고 있었다. 하지만 사죄표명이 다른 상황들에 비해 극히 적은 빈도로 나타났고 KF는 승낙발화문을 사용하지 않는 특징을 보였다. This study analyzed the characteristics of the interaction of apologetic behaviors in material, physical, and mental damage situations by analyzing conversational data of 144 male and female college students in Korea and Japan. We will try to clarify the whole image of operation of operation situation of the language strategy and the behavior of caring for others, which shows up through the interaction based on the quantitative analysis. In the material damage situation, the apologizer used the expression of the apology, check of situation, denial of the situation, acknowledgment of responsibility, appeasing, utterance of damage reimbursement where as the opponent for apologizer used confirmation of event, direct blaming, indirect blaming, demand for direct reimbursement, demand for indirect reimbursement, concession, utterance of acceptance in common. In the physical damage situation, the apologizer used expressions of apology, confirmation of status, acknowledgment of responsibility, appealing, and utterance of coping with damages where as the opponent for apologizer used expressions of state, direct blaming, indirect blaming, coping with damage, concession and utterance of acceptance in common. In the mental damage situation, the expression of apology, confirmation of topic introduction, confirmation of the situation, acknowledgment of responsibility, appealing and expression of complaint where as the opponent for apologizer used topic introduction, expression of situation, direct blaming, indirect blaming and utterance of concession in common.

발병 3개월이 지난 재발성 돌발성 난청 치험 1례

안재현,정현아,An, Jae-Hyun,Jung, Hyun-A 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2016 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.29 No.2

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the Korean medical treatment on sudden sensorineural hearing loss(SSNHL). Methods : The patient who has been diagnosed SSNHL had symptoms with hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness. The patient was received outpatient to Dunsan oriental hospital for 3 months and was treated with oriental medicine(acupuncture, herbal-medicine, converting of Hominis placenta, warm needling and vapor treatment). Two approaches were used in order to evaluate the effect of the treatment. The hearing recovery was measured with pure tone audiometry, and the decrease of tinnitus and aural fullness was identified by patient's subjective expression. Results : The patient has his hearing restored fully and the symptoms of SSNHL accompanied with adjunctive symptoms including tinnitus and aural fullness were improved.Conclusions : This study shows that the Korean medical treatment effects on the SSNHL.

가미형개연교탕으로 치료한 부비동염 치험 1례

홍지희,김경한,안재현,정현아,Hong, Jee-Hee,Kim, Kyung-Han,An, Jae-Hyun,Jung, Hyun-A 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2015 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.28 No.2

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of oriental medical treatment on a sinusitis patient Methods : We treated a 56-years old man patient with sinusitis. His symptoms are Ozena, Postnasal drip, Cough, sputum, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea and Headache. The patient was treated with herb-med(Kami-Hyunggyeyungyotang,加味荊芥連翹湯), acupuncture, aroma oil therapy. During about a month, the patient was treated only with oriental medical treatment and without any of western medicine including antibiotics. We confirmed the progress of treatment with subjective symptoms, physical examination and radiographic inspection(PNS image). Results & Conclusions : After one month, Combined application of the oriental treatment including Kami-Hyunggyeyungyotang showed remarkable effects on subjective symptoms, physical examination and radiographic inspection(PNS image). This study show that Kami-Hyunggyeyungyotang effects on sinusitis.

부담도의 차이에 의한 사죄행동의 특징에 관한 한일대조연구 -폴라이트니스(politeness)이론의 관점에서-

정현아 ( Hyun A Jung ) 한국일어일문학회 2015 日語日文學硏究 Vol.95 No.1

본고는 부담도가 고(高)저(低)인 사죄장면을 설정하고, 롤플레이 방법으로 수집한 128회화를 분석하여 한일남녀모어화자의 사죄행동의 특징에 초점을 맞추어 폴라이트니스 이론의 관점에서 고찰하였다. 분석결과, 한일남녀모어화자 모두 부담도가 낮은 경우의 사죄장면에서는 사죄내용이 가볍고 심각하지 않기 때문에, 사죄하는 쪽은 자신의 face를 지키고 싶다는 욕구보다는 상대방의 face를 침해하고 싶지 않다는 욕구가 우선되어 “사죄발화문”이 많이 사용되는 경향을 보였다. 하지만, 부담도가 높은 경우의 사죄장면에서는 사죄내용이 무겁고 심각하기 때문에 자신의 face를 지키고 싶다는 욕구와 상대방의 face를 침해하고 싶지 않다는 욕구가 동시에 중요시 되어“사죄발화문”의 사용경향은 줄고 대신 “상황설명발화문”과 “대인배려발화문”이 늘어나는 경향을 보였다. 또한 사죄 받는 쪽은 부담도가 낮은 경우의 사죄장면에서는 상대의 face를 배려하여 사죄내용을 받아들이고 있었다. 하지만, 부담도가 높은 경우의 사죄장면에서는 자신의 face와 상대방의 face를 고려하여 “문제해결발화문”을 많이 사용하였고, 사죄내용을 받아들이는 경우와 받아들이지 않는 경우가 있었다. 그리고 사죄하는 쪽의 “사죄발화문”은 한일모어화자 모두,남성보다는 여성에게서 많이 나타났고 사죄 받는 쪽의 “비난발화문”은 여성보다는 남성에게서 많이 나타나는 공통성을 보였다. 부담도가 높은 경우에는 “상황설명”, “과실수급”, “의향변경”, “비난” 발화문에서 부담도가 낮은 경우에는 “책임관련”, “과실수급”, “비난” 발화문에서 한일간에 의미가 있는 차이점을 보였지만 부담도에 따른 사죄행동에는 한일간에 공통적인 경향도 있다는 것을 시사하였다. The present study set scenes with low and high degree of apology and collected 128 dialogues from the apologetic conversations of Korean and Japanese male and female native speakers, respectively, in role playing setting. And this study examined the characteristics of their apologetic behaviors, focusing on politeness theory. The results showed that both speakers tended to make more ‘apologetic utterances’ in the scenes with light degree of apology, trying not to offend the other’s ‘face’ rather than to defend one’s own face. In the situations with high degree of apology, however, both speakers tended to try to defend both one’s own and the other’s face because it required serious apology, which resulted in the tendency of decreasing ‘apologetic utterances’ but increasing ‘circumstantial explanatory utterances’ and ‘considerate utterances of the other’, instead. On the other hand, the party to receive apology tended to accept other’s apology for considering the speakers’ face in the scenes with light degree of apology. In the situations with high degree of apology, however, the party to receive apology tended to make more ‘problem-solving utterances’ in terms of saving both the speaker’ and his own face. There were both cases that apology was accepted or rejected. In addition, both Korean female speakers and Japanese female speakers, respectively, used more ‘apologetic utterances’ than Korean male speakers and Japanese male speakers when they are on the side of making an apology. Reversely, when they were on the side of accepting an apology, both Korean male speakers and Japanese male speakers, respectively, used more ‘reproaching utterances’ than Korean female speakers and Japanese female speakers.It was found that Korean speakers and Japanese speakers were significantly different from in the utterances of ‘circumstantial explanation’, ‘mistake adjustment’ ‘changing intent’ and ‘reproach’ at the scenes of low degree of apology and in the utterances of ‘responsibility’, ‘mistake adjustment’, and ‘reproach’ at the scenes of high degree of apology. It turned out that both Korean and Japanese share common traits of apologetic behaviors by degree of apology.