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Protox 저해형 제초제 저항성 형질환벼와 비형질전환벼의 미질 및 이화학적 성분 차이
정하일(Ha-Il Jung),윤영범(Young Beom Yun),권오도(Oh-Do Kwon),이도진(Do Jin Lee),백경환(Kyoungwhan Back),국용인(Yong In Kuk) 韓國雜草學會 2012 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.32 No.1
본 연구의 목적은 Protox 저해형 제초제 저항성인 형질전환벼계통(MX, PX, AP37)과 비형질전환벼(WT) 백미에 대한 미질, 무기물, 구성아미노산, 유리아미노산 및 유리당 함량을 조사하였다. 형질전환벼계통의 완전미, 식미값, 단백질 및 백도(MX와 AP37제외)는 비형질전환벼에 비해 높거나 유사하였고, 형질전환벼 계통의 분상질립, 균열립 및 쇄미(PX와 AP37제외)는 비형질전환벼에 비해 낮았다. 그러나 피해립과 아밀로스함량에서는 형질전환벼계통과 비형질전환벼간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. PX의 K 함량과 PX와 AP37의 Cu 함량은 WT에 비해 적었을 뿐 일부 다른 무기물에서는 WT보다 형질전환벼계통에서 오히려 높거나 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 대부분 구성 아미노산 함량은 형질전환벼계통에서 WT에 비해 높았거나 유사하였고, 단지 AP37의 Isoleucine 함량만이 WT에 비해 적었다. 한편 유리아미노산 Leucine과 Tyrosine의 경우는 PX와 AP37에서 그리고 총 유리아미노산의 함량의 경우는 PX에서만 WT에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였다. 그러나 형질전환벼 계통의 다른 종류의 유리 아미노산 함량은 WT과 유사하였다. MX와 PX의 Sucrose 함량은 WT에 비해 적었으나 형질전환벼계통의 fructose, glucose 및 maltose 함량은 WT에 비해 높거나 유사하였다. 따라서 Protox 유전자는 벼의 양분구성에 부정적인 영향을 미치지 않는다고 할 수 있다. Characteristics related to grain quality and physiochemical components such as mineral, total amino acid, free amino acid, and free sugar composition were investigated in Protox inhibitor resistanttransgenic rice (MX, PX, and AP37) and its nontransgenic counterpart (WT). Head rice, palatability, protein, and whiteness (except for MX and AP37) of milled transgenic rice were high or similar to those of the non-transgenic counterpart. Immature rice, unfilled grain, and cracked kernels (PX and AP37) of milled transgenic rice were lower than those of its non-transgenic counterpart. However, there were no significant differences in damaged grain between the transgenic rice lines and its counterpart. Potassium content in PX and copper contents in PX and AP37 were only low compared with their non-transgenic counterparts, but other mineral contents in transgenic rice lines were high or showed no significant differences compared with non-transgenic counterparts. Contents of most total amino acid composition in transgenic rice lines were high or similar to those in non-transgenic counterparts, but the content of isoleucine in AP37 was only low compared with its non-transgenic counterpart. On the other hand, free amino acid, leucine and tyrosine in PX and AP37, and total free amino acid in PX were low compared with their non-transgenic counterparts. However, the content of free amino acid in other kinds in transgenic rice lines were similar to those in their non-transgenic counterparts. Contents of sucrose in MX and PX were low compared with non-transgenic counterpars, but contents of fructose, glucose, and maltose in transgenic rice lines were high or similar compared with their non-transgenic counterparts. This results indicated that Protox genes had no negative affect on the nutritional composition of rice.
정하일 ( Ha-il Jung ),김유학 ( Yoo-hak Kim ),공명석 ( Myung-suk Kong ),채미진 ( Mi-jin Chae ),강성수 ( Seong-soo Kang ) 한국환경농학회 2016 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2016 No.-
Cadmium reduces the photosynthetic efficiency and disrupts metabolic reactions in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, by replacing the metal ions in metalloproteins that use essential metal ions, such as Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe, as co-factors, heavy metals finally lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alteration of antioxidant activities. These, in turn, cause destruction of the cellular membrane through lipid peroxidation of the plant, and ultimately cause the plants to necrosis. Therefore, this research was to elucidate the physiological responses of rice seedlings to cadmium (Cd) toxicity and the effect of sulfur (S) treatment on ROS and antioxidant changes. In order to confirm the level of physiological inhibition caused by Cd toxicity, hydroponically grown rice (cv. Dongjin) plants were exposed with 0 or 30 μM Cd (CdCl2) with or without 3 mM sulfur (S, K2SO4) at 4-leaf stage, and then investigated the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 after 14 days. MDA and H2O2 contents in shoot and root were more increased in S-untreated seedlings than S-treated ones. Fourteen days after treatment with 30 μM Cd, plant height showed no significant difference between S-treated and -untreated control, with both showing an identical reduction. However, it was observed that Cd caused a more decline than Cd with S for shoot fresh weight. The largest amounts of Cd were found in the roots and also observed a large amount of transport to the stem. Interestingly, in terms of Cd transfer to the shoot parts of the plant, it was a little transported to leaves. However, we observed that Cd was transferred to a less level in S-treated seedlings than in untreated ones. Cd decreased glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (AsA) contents in both roots and leaves but Cd treatment caused no change in GSH contents in the stem. Based on these results, it is thought that Cd toxicity causes an increase in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant changes. This in turn leads to damage to the conductive tissue connecting the roots, stem, and leaves, which results in a reduction in water content and causes several physiological changes including antioxidative systems. Therefore, future research in association with essential metal ions will be required, in order to elucidate the detoxification mechanisms of plants and to maintain homeostasis of antioxidative systems in the presence of Cd.
유채 식물체 내로의 카드뮴 이행과 산화스트레스 경감에 미치는 아스코베이트 효과구명
정하일 ( Ha-il Jung ),채미진 ( Mi-jin Chae ),이은진 ( Eun-jin Lee ),이태구 ( Tae-gu Lee ),김명숙 ( Myung-sook Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2020 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2020 No.-
The role of ascorbate (AsA) in antioxidant defense system-associated resistance to cadmium (Cd) in oilseed rape plants is not clearly demonstrated until recent study. The present study investigated the critical role of exogenous AsA on the biochemical responses of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant levels in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. cv. Tammi) seedlings exposed to Cd. Cadmium (10 uM) alone treatment led to significant reductions in plant growth; increase the level of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde; and increase the uptake and accumulation of Cd by the roots and shoots in hydroponically grown 10-day-old seedlings. Moreover, it reduced AsA content and AsA redox ratios, which have been correlated with the reduction in glutathione (GSH) and/or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) redox status. However, the exogenous AsA application to Cd-exposed seedlings decreased Cd-induced ROS, improved antioxidant defense systems by increasing AsA, GSH, and NADPH contents, and increased Cd uptake and accumulation in both roots to shoots of the plants. These results proved that the enhancement in AsA redox status can be linked to an increase in the GSH and/or NADPH redox ratios through induction of the AsA-GSH-NADPH cycle. Thus, these results suggest that exogenous AsA application to oilseed rape seedlings under Cd stress alleviates the overall Cd toxicity by regulating the homeostasis of the AsA-GSH-NADPH cycle, which re-establish the cellular redox status.