벼 유묘에서 비소의 식물전이와 산화적 스트레스 반응에 미치는 글루타티온 처리효과

정하일(Ha-il Jung),채미진(Mi-Jin Chae),공명석(Myung-Suk Kong),김유학(Yoo-Hak Kim) 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2017 No.10

Glutathione Application Affects Modulation of the ROS, Redox, and Hormone Balance in Cd-exposed Brassica napus

Ha-il Jung(정하일),Eun-Jin Lee(이은진),Myung-Suk Kong(공명석),Mi-Jin Chae(채미진),Tae-Gu Lee(이태구),Yi-Hyun Kim(김이현),Yoo-Hak Kim(김유학) 한국토양비료학회 2019 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2019 No.8

황 처리에 따른 벼 유묘의 카드뮴 독성 경감

정하일 ( Ha-il Jung ),김유학 ( Yoo-hak Kim ),공명석 ( Myung-suk Kong ),채미진 ( Mi-jin Chae ),강성수 ( Seong-soo Kang ) 한국환경농학회 2016 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2016 No.-

Cadmium reduces the photosynthetic efficiency and disrupts metabolic reactions in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, by replacing the metal ions in metalloproteins that use essential metal ions, such as Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe, as co-factors, heavy metals finally lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alteration of antioxidant activities. These, in turn, cause destruction of the cellular membrane through lipid peroxidation of the plant, and ultimately cause the plants to necrosis. Therefore, this research was to elucidate the physiological responses of rice seedlings to cadmium (Cd) toxicity and the effect of sulfur (S) treatment on ROS and antioxidant changes. In order to confirm the level of physiological inhibition caused by Cd toxicity, hydroponically grown rice (cv. Dongjin) plants were exposed with 0 or 30 μM Cd (CdCl2) with or without 3 mM sulfur (S, K2SO4) at 4-leaf stage, and then investigated the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 after 14 days. MDA and H2O2 contents in shoot and root were more increased in S-untreated seedlings than S-treated ones. Fourteen days after treatment with 30 μM Cd, plant height showed no significant difference between S-treated and -untreated control, with both showing an identical reduction. However, it was observed that Cd caused a more decline than Cd with S for shoot fresh weight. The largest amounts of Cd were found in the roots and also observed a large amount of transport to the stem. Interestingly, in terms of Cd transfer to the shoot parts of the plant, it was a little transported to leaves. However, we observed that Cd was transferred to a less level in S-treated seedlings than in untreated ones. Cd decreased glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (AsA) contents in both roots and leaves but Cd treatment caused no change in GSH contents in the stem. Based on these results, it is thought that Cd toxicity causes an increase in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant changes. This in turn leads to damage to the conductive tissue connecting the roots, stem, and leaves, which results in a reduction in water content and causes several physiological changes including antioxidative systems. Therefore, future research in association with essential metal ions will be required, in order to elucidate the detoxification mechanisms of plants and to maintain homeostasis of antioxidative systems in the presence of Cd.

유채 식물체 내로의 카드뮴 이행과 산화스트레스 경감에 미치는 아스코베이트 효과구명

정하일 ( Ha-il Jung ),채미진 ( Mi-jin Chae ),이은진 ( Eun-jin Lee ),이태구 ( Tae-gu Lee ),김명숙 ( Myung-sook Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2020 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2020 No.-

The role of ascorbate (AsA) in antioxidant defense system-associated resistance to cadmium (Cd) in oilseed rape plants is not clearly demonstrated until recent study. The present study investigated the critical role of exogenous AsA on the biochemical responses of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant levels in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. cv. Tammi) seedlings exposed to Cd. Cadmium (10 uM) alone treatment led to significant reductions in plant growth; increase the level of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde; and increase the uptake and accumulation of Cd by the roots and shoots in hydroponically grown 10-day-old seedlings. Moreover, it reduced AsA content and AsA redox ratios, which have been correlated with the reduction in glutathione (GSH) and/or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) redox status. However, the exogenous AsA application to Cd-exposed seedlings decreased Cd-induced ROS, improved antioxidant defense systems by increasing AsA, GSH, and NADPH contents, and increased Cd uptake and accumulation in both roots to shoots of the plants. These results proved that the enhancement in AsA redox status can be linked to an increase in the GSH and/or NADPH redox ratios through induction of the AsA-GSH-NADPH cycle. Thus, these results suggest that exogenous AsA application to oilseed rape seedlings under Cd stress alleviates the overall Cd toxicity by regulating the homeostasis of the AsA-GSH-NADPH cycle, which re-establish the cellular redox status.

Anthracycline 계 항암성 항생물질 DA-125 의 Beagle dog 에 대한 26 주 반복정맥투여독성시험

정태천(Tae Cheon Jeong),한상섭(Sang Seop Han),양중익(Jung Ick Yang),차신우(Shin Woo Cha),하창수(Chang Su Ha),노정구(Jung Koo Roh),박종일(Jong Il Park),신호철(Ho Chul Shin),김형진(Hyoung Chin Kim) 한국응용약물학회 1996 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.4 No.2

This study was performed to investigate the toxicity of DA-125 in beagle dogs, an anthracycline antitumor antibiotic. The dogs were administered DA-125 i.v. at 0.0023, 0.0375, 0.15 and 0.6 ㎎/㎏/day, 6 days/week for 26 weeks. At 0.6 ㎎/㎏, all male and female dogs were either sacrificed moribundly or dead during the 26-week treatment. The dogs revealed inactivity, salivation, dark bloody discharge, swelling of the subcutaneous injection site, abscess, and ulceration in the abdominal wall and legs. At 0.15 ㎎/㎏, anorexia, salivation, and swelling of the injection site were observed. The food consumption was decreased with a statistical significance at 6 and 12 weeks treatment in males of 0.6 ㎎/㎏. At 0.0375, 0.15 and 0.6 ㎎/㎏, body weights were decreased significantly in a dose-related fashion after 17 weeks treatment. Total white blood cell counts for male dogs at 0.6 ㎎/㎏ were lower than those of control dogs after 13 weeks treatment, which appeared mainly due to decreased neutrophils. At 0.15 ㎎/㎏, testicular atrophy was found in all males by gross pathology and the testicular weights were significantly decreased when compared to those of control males. Microscopically, the testis showed moderate atrophy of the seminiferous tubules and marked decrease in number of spermatozoa in the epididymal tubules. At 0.6 ㎎/㎏, petechia or echymotic hemorrhage was observed in gastrointestinal tract, heart, lungs, and other organs at the necropsy. Marked atrophy of thymus were observed in both males and females. In addition, severe testicular atrophy was noted in all males. Microscopically, gastrointestinal tract showed hemorrhage, epithelial denudation, hypermucus secretion, and atrophy of intestinal villi. Seminiferous tubules of the atrophic testis were lined with Sertoli cells only and devoid of germ cells. Severe oligospermia or aspermia was present in the epididymal tubules. Bone marrow showed marked depletion of hemopoietic cells. In addition, marked atrophy was found in the lymphoid tissue of gastrointestinal tract, various lymph nodes, and thymus. Injection sites showed marked inflammatory response with necrosis, necrotizing vasculitis, thrombus formation, and ulceration in the skin. According to the present results, no observed effect level appeared to be 0.0375 ㎎/㎏. At 0.15 ㎎/㎏, testis was a target organ, while at 0.6 ㎎/㎏ hemopoietic tissue, gastrointestinal tract, and testis were considered to be target organs. At 0.6 ㎎/㎏ the test compound seems to inflict a damage on the blood vessels causing hemorrhage in the various organs and tissues.

생물전환에 의한 품종별 참깨 발효물의 Lignan 함량과 항산화 활성 변화

정태동(Tae-Dong Jung),신기해(Gi-Hae Shin),김재민(Jae-Min Kim),오지원(Ji-Won Oh),최선일(Sun-Il Choi),이진하(Jin-Ha Lee),조명래(Myoung-Lae Cho),이상종(Sang Jong Lee),허인영(In Young Heo),박선주(Seon Ju Park),김성업(Sung-Up Kim),정찬식(Cha 한국식품영양과학회 2016 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.45 No.1

본 연구에서는 생물전환에 의한 품종별 참깨의 lignan 함량, 총 페놀 함량, 항산화 활성(DPPH radical 소거능, ORAC 지수)을 측정하였다. 그 결과 lignan 함량은 생물전환에 의한 발효 참깨 S-3가 6.58 mg/g으로 가장 높았으며 비발효참깨 S-4가 2.17 mg/g으로 가장 낮은 수치를 나타냈다. 생물전환을 통한 발효 시 5가지 품종별 참깨 모두 lignan 함량이 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 총 페놀 함량은 발효참깨 S-2, S-3가 51.90 51.65 mg GAE/g으로 가장 높았고, 비발효 참깨 S-5가 16.70 mg GAE/g으로 가장 낮았으나 발효 시 46.70 mg GAE/g으로 나타나 약 3배 이상의 증가된 함량을 보였다. DPPH radical 소거능은 총 페놀 함량과 마찬가지로 발효 참깨 S-3에서 82.57%로 가장 높은 DPPH radical 소거능을 나타냈으며, 비발효 참깨 S-5에서 37.95%의 가장 낮은 소거능을 나타냈다. ORAC 지수의 경우는 발효 참깨 S-2에서 1,067.80 μM TE/g으로 가장 높은 활성을 보였고 그다음 발효 참깨 S-3, S-4가 각각 997.19, 1,020.03 μM TE/g으로 나타났다. 비발효 참깨 S-5에서 172.34 μM TE/g으로 가장 낮게 나타났으나 발효 시 1,020.03 μM TE/g으로 확연히 증가하였다. 본 연구 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 생물전환에 의한 참깨 발효 시 lignan 함량의 증가와 다양한 항산화 모델에서 효능을 증대시키는 것으로 나타나 건강기능식품, 기능성 원료로써 활용 가능성이 높을 것으로 사료된다. This study investigated the lignan content, total phenol content, and antioxidant activities [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC)] of fermented sesame by cultivars. The results showed that the lignan contents of fermented and non-fermented sesame ranged from 2.35∼6.58 mg/g and 2.17 to 6.58 mg/g, respectively. The highest total phenol contents of fermented and non-fermented sesame were 51.90 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 25.94 mg GAE/g, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging and ORAC value ranged from 37.95 to 82.57% and from 172.34 to 1,067.80 μM TE/g in non-fermented sesame and fermented sesame, respectively. Fermented sesame had higher lignan content, total phenol content and antioxidant activities. than those of non-fermented sesame. Fermented sesame subjected to bioconversion showed increased lignan content and high antioxidant activity.

한국인 성인 남녀의 흡연관련 사망에 관한 연구

정금지 ( Keum Ji Jung ),윤영덕 ( Young Duk Yun ),백수진 ( Soo Jin Baek ),지선하 ( Sun Ha Jee ),김일순 ( Il Soon Kim ) 한국보건정보통계학회(구 한국보건통계학회) 2013 보건정보통계학회지 Vol.38 No.2

Objectives: Cigarette smoking has been widely recognized as a major risk factor for lung cancer and other diseases in Western countries. In Korea, male cigarette smoking prevalence was among the world`s highest between 1980 and 1990 and smoking has also become a strong risk factor for lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The objective of the study was to calculate the smoking-attributable mortality in 2012 in Korea. Methods: Number of smoking-attributable deaths were calculated by applying the percentages of population attributable risks (PARs) to the estimated number of deaths by diseases in 2012. In this study, PARs were obtained by using relative risks from the Korean Cancer Prevention Study and the Metabolic Syndrome Mortality Study, and population smoking prevalence surveyed in 1985 conducted by Korean Institute of Tuberculosis. Results: The smoking-attributable mortality was 58,155 death in 2012. Among adult male, the smokingattributable mortality (49,704) represents 34.7% of total 2012 mortality, whereas the smoking-attributable mortality (8,451) for adult females was 7.2%. Smoking was supposed to be responsible for 41.1% of all male cancer and 33.4% of all male cardiovascular diseases, whereas smoking for 5.1% of all female cancer and 5.4% of all female cardiovascular diseases in Korea. Conclusions: Smoking actually represents a remarkable burden of avoidable deaths in Korea. Smokingattributable mortality appears to continue increasing by the next 10 to 20 years.

Glutathione-mediated Modulation of Cadmium Stress Responses: Reactive Oxygen Species, Redox, and Hormone Homeostasis in Brassica napus

Ha-il Jung(정하일),Mi-Jin Chae(채미진),Tae-Gu Lee(이태구),Eun-Jin Lee(이은진),Myung-Sook Kim(김명숙) 한국토양비료학회 2020 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2020 No.10

Changes of Growth Responses, Yields, and Soil Nutrients in Arsenic-exposed Rice

Ha-il Jung(정하일),Mi-Jin Chae(채미진),Tae-Gu Lee(이태구),Sangho Jeon(전상호),Myung-Sook Kim(김명숙) 한국토양비료학회 2021 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2021 No.11

Arsenic (As) contamination in agricultural soils causes adversly influences crop growth and yield, and serious human health problems. The objectives of this study were to (a) verify the change of chemical properties under As-exposed soils, (b) compare the growth, yield, and soil nutrients of untreated and As-treated rice plants, and (c) investigate the relationship between As total and phytoavailable As concentrations in the soil and As concentrations accumulated in the polished rice. Rice plants were cultivated in a greenhouse under six As concentrations: 6 (control), 25, 34, 42, 50, and 59 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>. A significant positive correlation was found between As concentration and NH₄-N, available P₂O<SUB>5</SUB>, and exchangeable K. A significant negative correlation was indicated between As concentration and NO₃-N, whereas no difference was found in total N. As treatment decreased plant heights and number of tillers; caused yield reduction depending on the increasing As concentrations in soils. The yield of As-exposed rice plants was 38-90% less than that of untreated plants. This was mainly due to reduced number of panicles per plant and spikelets per panicle. We also found that total and phytoavailable As concentrations in the soil for the edible limiting concentration of As in polished rice (0.2 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>) were 21.851 and 1.035 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively.

2020년도 우리나라 공업단지 인근 농경지의 중금속 함량 평가

정하일(Ha-il Jung),채미진(Mi-Jin Chae),김혁수(Hyuck-Soo Kim),김성철(Seong-Chool Kim),김기인(Ki In Kim),김권래(Kwon-Rae Kim),이미나(Mi-Na Lee),이태구(Tae-Gu Lee),전상호(Sangho Jeon),김명숙(Myung-Sook Kim) 한국토양비료학회 2021 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2021 No.11

2020년도에 조사된 취약농경지(공업단지 인근 농경지) 토양 중금속 모니터링은 강원, 충남, 전남, 경남 지역에서 각도별 15개 공업단지 인근 농경지 토양에 대하여 150지점을 정점으로 지정하고, 총 600지점(표토, 심토)을 대상으로 8종 중금속(Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, As, Hg, Cr) 함량을 조사하여 비교‧분석하였다. 토양 중금속 함량은 토양오염공정시험방법에 의거한 전함량 분석법에 따라 조사되었고, 토양화학성 7종(pH, EC, OM, Avail. P₂O<SUB>5</SUB>, Exch. K, Ca, Mg)을 토양화학분석법에 따라 분석하였다. 공업단지 인근 농경지 토양의 중금속 평균함량은 Cd 0.45, Cu 19.1, Pb 16.4, Zn 92.9, Ni 17.1, Cr 44.5, As 6.54, Hg 0.044 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>으로 우리나라 논 토양과 비교하여 Pb을 제외하고, 그 외 7종 중금속 모두에서 다소 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 토양환경보전법의 토양오염기준과 비교한 최고함량의 경우, Cu, Zn, As 성분들이 토양오염 우려기준을 초과한 것으로 나타났으며, 조사된 공업단지 인근 농경지의 시료채취 지점으로 부터 반경 3 km 내에 광산 및 폐광산이 위치한 것으로 판단됨으로 오염원 파악을 위한 확대 정밀조사가 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 또한 토양 중금속 함량수준별 분포비율은 Hg 성분이 우려기준의 1/20 농도 이하, Zn와 As 성분이 1/5 농도 이상에서 높은 분포비율을 차지하고 있었다. 토양오염 우려기준을 허용한계값으로 계산한 공업단지 인근 토양의 중금속 오염지수는 0.60(0.11∼3.15)으로 2020년도가 2019년도 이전보다 상대적으로 높은 값을 보였으며, Zn에서 1.0을 초과하는 지점들이 다수 조사되었다. 토양화학성분의 평균값은 pH 6.8, 염농도 1.2 dS m<SUP>-1</SUP>, 유기물 34.7 g kg<SUP>-1</SUP>, 유효인산 892.2 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP> 이었고, 교환성 양이온인 칼륨, 칼슘 및 마그네슘 함량은 각각 1.5, 8.3, 2.0 cmol<SUB>c</SUB> kg<SUP>-1</SUP>으로 나타났다. 이상의 토양화학성 결과를 일반 논 토양의 적정기준과 비교해 볼 때, pH, 유기물 및 유효인산은 약간 낮았지만, 그 외 다른 성분들은 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 토양 중의 화학성분의 최소값과 최대값 간에는 큰 편차를 나타냈으며, 특히 pH 및 교환성 칼슘의 경우, 논 토양의 적정함량 범위보다 매우 높은 수준이었다. 이는 공업단지 인근 중금속 오염 농경지에 대한 개량대책으로 석회를 과량 시용한 것이 하나의 원인이 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.