Non-Specific Phytohormonal Induction of AtMYB44 and Suppression of Jasmonate-Responsive Gene Activation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Choonkyun Jung,심재성,Jun Sung Seo,이한용,김정호,Yang Do Choi,정종주 한국분자세포생물학회 2010 Molecules and cells Vol.29 No.1

The Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factor gene At-MYB44 was induced within 10 min by treatment with methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Wound-induced expression of the gene was observed in local leaves, but not in distal leaves, illustrating jasmonate-independent induction at wound sites. AtMYB44 expression was not abolished in Arabidopsis mutants insensitive to jasmonate (coi1), eth-ylene (etr1), or abscisic acid (abi3-1) when treated with the corresponding hormones. Moreover, various growth hor-mones and sugars also induced rapid AtMYB44 transcript accumulation. Thus, AtMYB44 gene activation appears to not be induced by any specific hormone. MeJA-induced activation of jasmonate-responsive genes such as JR2, VSP, LOXII, and AOS was attenuated in transgenic Arabi-dopsis plants overexpressing the gene (35S:AtMYB44), but significantly enhanced in atmyb44 knockout mutants. The 35S:MYB44 and atmyb44 plants did not show defec-tiveness in MeJA-induced primary root growth inhibition, indicating that the differences in jasmonate-responsive gene expression observed was not due to alterations in the jasmonate signaling pathway. 35S:AtMYB44 seedlings exhibited slightly elevated chlorophyll levels and less jas-monate-induced anthocyanin accumulation, demonstrat-ing suppression of jasmonate-mediated responses and enhancement of ABA-mediated responses. These obser-vations support the hypothesis of mutual antagonistic actions between jasmonate- and abscisic acid-mediated signaling pathways.

Genetic and Epigenetic Analysis in Korean Patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1

Yoon Jung Chung,황세나,정종주,Sun Yong Song,김세훈,이유미 대한내분비학회 2014 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.29 No.3

Background: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a familial syndrome characterized by the parathyroid, pancreas and pituitary tumors. Parathyroid tumors are the most common clinical manifestations, occurring in more than 90% of MEN1 patients. Heterozygous germline mutations of the MENIN gene underlie the tumorigenesis in MEN1 and epigenetic alterations along with germline mutations may contribute to tumorigenesis. Here, we investigated the associations between genotype and phenotype in Korean MEN1 patients. Methods: We analyzed medical records from 14 unrelated MEN1 patients who had newly confirmed MENIN germline mutations, together with 14 previous reports in Korea. Aberrant DNA methylations were also examined in MEN1-related parathyroid tumors using the Infinium HumanMethylation 450 BeadChip. Results: Total 28 germline mutations of MENIN were relatively highly concentrated in exons 7 and 8 compared to previous reports from Western countries. Six mutations (c.111dupT/p.S38Ffs*79, c.225_226insT/p.T76Yfs*41, c.383_398del16/p.S128Tfs*52, c.746dupT/p.H250Afs*20, c.1150G>T/p.E384*, and c.1508G>A/p.G503N) were newly found in the present study. Of interest, four patients (15%) showed unusual initial presentations and three patients were diagnosed incidentally at the general medical checkup. We also found three distinct sites in exon 2 of MENIN were significantly hypomethylated in the MEN1 parathyroid tumors, comparing correspondent blood samples. Conclusion: We also have found a lack of genotype/phenotype correlation in Korean MEN1 patients. There were not a few unusual initial manifestations in MEN1 patients, thus, genetic testing for the MENIN germline mutations can provide important information for the better prognosis. Further studies are warranted to investigate altered DNA methylations in the MENIN gene involved in tumorigenesis.

Innovative In Vitro Chemo-Hormonal Drug Therapy for Refractory Thyroid Carcinomas

성태연,최성호,Jung Min Lee,정종주,강상욱,정웅윤 대한의학회 2012 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.27 No.7

More than 95% of the thyroid carcinomas are well differentiated types showing favorable prognosis. However, only a few therapeutic options are available to treat the patients with undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas, especially with refractory thyroid carcinomas that are not amenable to surgery or radioiodine ablation. We investigated the anticancer effects of 20 chemotherapy and hormonal therapy drugs on 8 thyroid carcinoma cell lines. In vitro chemosensitivity was tested using the adenosine-triphosphate-based chemotherapy response assay (ATP-CRA). The tumor inhibition rate (TIR; or cell death rate) or half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was analyzed to interpret the results. Of the 12chemotherapy drugs, etoposide (178.9 index value in follicular carcinoma cell line) and vincristine (211.7 in Hürthle cell carcinoma cell line) were the most active drugs showing the highest chemosensitivity, and of the 8 additional drugs, trichostatin A (0.03 μg/mL IC50in follicular carcinoma cell line) showed favorable outcome having the anticancer effect. In our study, the result of etoposide and vincristine show evidence as active anticancer drugs in thyroid carcinoma cell lines and trichostatin A seems be the next promising drug. These drugs may become an innovative therapy for refractory thyroid carcinomas in near future.

특수주입선단장치에 의한 마이크로시멘트계 약액주입의 풍화대, 단층파쇄대의 지반보강 및 차수효과 사례연구

도종남(Do Jongnam),정종주(Jung Jongju),천병식(Chun Byungsik) 한국지반환경공학회 2009 한국지반환경공학회논문집 Vol.10 No.2

최근 고속철도, 지하철, 댐, 항만, 고속도로, 도심지의 주상복합건물 등 대형 건설공사가 진행되면서 약액주입공법, 고압분 사주입공법, 혼합처리공법 등이 다양하게 적용되고 있으나 침투성, 강도, 내구성, 환경성, 주변지반의 융기, 지하매설물에 대한 영향, 산업폐기물발생 등 많은 문제점이 지적되어 왔다. 이에 본 연구에서는 특수 주입선단장치 및 변성실리케이트 재료를 개발하여 주입재료의 혼합이 용이하고 주입중 주입재의 역류 및 주입노즐의 막힘이 없이 연속작업이 가능하며, 분말도 6,000㎠/g이상인 마이크로시멘트를 사용 침투효과를 증가시켰다. 또한, 겔형성반응재는 내구성과 환경성에 영향을 끼치는 Na₂O 함량을 대폭 낮춘 변성실리 케이트를 개발하여 지하수에 의한 용탈현상을 최소화하고, 장기의 고강도, 고침투, 고내구성, 친환경성이 요구되는 곳에 적합한 마이크로 무기질급결재를 개발하여 실용화에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 연구결과 일축압축강도, 투수성, N치 및 TCR, RQD 등이 개선됨을 알 수 있었으며, 향후 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 특수 주입선단장치를 활용한 다양한 현장적용성 시험을 추후 시행하여 타공법과 공학적 특성을 비교, 검토하고자 한다. A grouting method has been widely used in construction of large-scale structure to reduce permeability and reinforce the ground. If cement and grout material were not mixed well in the injection tip equipment, an opposite flow and interception state of the chemical grouting can occur. McG (Multi-mixing counterflow prevented Grouting, McG) method installed a special grouting device to allow better mixing of the grouting material(above fineness 6,000 ㎠/g) and prevent backward flow. The block of nozzle also diversify powder rate of cement. YSS (Youngil Special Silicate, YSS) that lowers Na₂O and thereby increases durability was developed by gel-forming reaction material. The seepage state and unconfined compressive strength of the injection material using the special injection tip equipment was tested in this study. The results of this study showed that the uniaxial compressive strength, permeability, N-value, TCR and RQD were improved by this method. Engineering characteristics obtained by the special injection tip method will be compared with those by the other method through various field tests from now on.

UAM 효과 평가를 위한 현장실험 및 정량적 2차원 수치해석기법 개발에 관한 연구

김대영,이홍성,천병식,정종주,Kim, Dae-Young,Lee, Hong-Sung,Chun, Byung-Sik,Jung, Jong-Ju 한국터널지하공간학회 2009 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.11 No.1

UAM(Umbrella Arch Method)의 효과 및 역학적 보강메커니즘에 대한 연구는 국내외에서 수치해석 및 실험 등을 통하여 상당한 진척이 이루어졌으나 실제 설계 및 적용에 있어서는 아직도 3차원 해석의 해석시간과 복잡성 등의 제약 때문에 UAM의 보강영역과 지반과의 환산물성을 이용하는 정량적이지 못한 2차원해석이 주로 사용되고 있다. 이러한 이유로 합리적, 이론적, 정량적이면서도 손쉽게 수행할 수 있는 설계 및 해석기법이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 UAM의 보강효과가 미치는 범위를 파악하고 그라우팅 전 후의 강관저변지반 물성변화를 파악하기 위하여 연직방향의 UAM 현장실험 및 실내시험을 수행하였다. 풍화토, 풍화암 지반에 UAM 적용시 그라우트의 주입에 의한 주변지반의 물성치 증가는 미미하며, 강관외부와 천공구경 사이의 공간 및 강관내부에 형성된 시멘트구근과 강관으 강성만이 지반보강 효과에 기여한다는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과와 내공변위제어법(CCM; Convergence Confinement Method) 개념을 바탕으로, 2차원 축대칭해석을 실시하여 막장효과, UAM효과와 지보재효과를 종단변위곡선(LDP)으로 나타내었다. 또한, 2차원 평면변형률 해석시 UAM의 지보효과를 내압의 크기로 변환하여 이를 고려하는 하중분담법을 제안하였다. 이 방법과 기존의 등가환산물성을 적용하는 해석을 비교한 결과, 지반조건, 터널의 심도 및 크기, 강관조건, 초기응력상태 등에 따라 차이가 있지만, 기존의 해석방법에서의 변위량이 새로운 방법에 비해 더 크게 발생하는 것으로 나타나, UAM의 종방향 빔 지지효과를 제대로 평가하지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. Considerable advance has been made on research on effect of steel pipe Umbrella Arch Method (UAM) and mechanical reinforcement mechanism through numerical analyses and experiments. Due to long analysis time of three-dimensional analysis and its complexity, un-quantitative two-dimensional analysis is dominantly used in the design and application, where equivalent material properties of UAM reinforced area and ground are used, For this reason, development of reasonable, theoretical, quantitative and easy to use design and analysis method is required. In this study, both field UAM tests and laboratory tests were performed in the residual soil to highly weathered rock; field tests to observe the range of reinforcement, and laboratory tests to investigate the change of material properties between prior to and after UAM reinforcement. It has been observed that the increase in material property of neighboring ground is negligible, and that only stiffness of steel pipe and cement column formed inside the steel pipe and the gap between steel pipe and borehole contributes to ground reinforcement. Based on these results and concept of Convergence Confinement Method (CCM), two dimensional axisymmetric analyses have been performed to obtain the longitudinal displacement profile (LDP) corresponding to arching effect of tunnel face, UAM effect and effect of supports. In addition, modified load distribution method in two dimensional plane-strain analysis has been suggested, in which effect of UAM is transformed to internal pressure and modified load distribution ratios are suggested. Comparison between the modified method and conventional method shows that larger displacement occur in the conventional method than that in the modified method although it may be different depending on ground condition, depth and size of tunnel, types of steel pipe and initial stress state. Consequently, it can be concluded that the effect of UAM as a beam in a longitudinal direction is not considered properly in the conventional method.

A Faster Approach to Stereocomplex Formation of High Molecular Weight Polylactide Using Supercritical Dimethyl Ether

Gulnaz Bibi(굴나즈비비),Youngmee Jung(정영미),Jong Choo Lim(임종주),Soo Hyun Kim(김수현) 한국고분자학회 2015 폴리머 Vol.39 No.3

초임계 유체 기술을 이용한 폴리락티드 스테레오 콤플렉스 제조는 폴리락티드의 열적 및 기계적 물성을 향상시키는 좋은 방법이다. 이 연구에서는 초임계 유체인 디메틸에테르를 이용하여 고분자량 폴리락티드를 높은 수율로 100% 스테레오 콤플렉스화를 시켰다. 폴리락티드에 대한 디메틸에테르의 높은 용해성은 이 공정의 핵심요소로 250 bar, 70℃, 1.5시간에 반응이 종료되었다. 폴리락티드의 스테레오 콤플렉스 연구는 압력, 온도, 시간, 농도 및 분자량을 변화시키며 진행하였다. 스테레오 콤플렉스화는 온도와 압력이 증가할 때 높아졌다. 분자량 20만 이상인 PLLA와 PDLA는 6%의 디메틸에테르에서 100% 스테레오 콤플렉스화가 이루어졌다. 스테레오 콤플렉스화 정도는 DSC 및 XRD를 통해 이루어졌다. 또한 DSC 및 TGA 분석을 통해 융점이 50℃ 이상 높아진 폴리락티드가 얻어졌음을 확인하였다. Engineering the polylactide via stereocomplexation with supercritical fluid (SCF) technology paved way to fabricate polymers with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties. We aimed to establish a SCF medium with excellent solubility for PLA without any additional solvent/co-solvent. We, therefore, employed supercritical dimethyl ether to synthesize 100% stereocomplex polylactide from high molecular weight homopolymers with an excellent yield. The remarkable solubility of the homopolymers in dimethyl ether is the key for quick conversion to s-PLA. This study proves a rapid synthesis route of dry s-PLA powder with sc-DME at 250 bar, 70℃C and 1.5 h, which are reasonably achievable processing parameters compared to the conventional methods. The degree of stereocomplexation was evaluated under the effect of pressures, temperatures, times, homopolymer-concentrations and molecular weights. An increment in the degree of stereocomplexation was observed with increased temperature and pressure. Complete conversion to s-PLA was obtained for PLLA and PDLA with Mn~200 kg·mol<SUP>-1</SUP> with a total homopolymer to total DME ratio of 6:100% w/w at prescribed reaction conditions. The degree of stereocomplexation was determined by DSC and confirmed by XRD. Considerable improvement in thermo-mechanical properties of s-PLA was observed. DSC and TGA analyses proved a 50℃ enhancement in melting transition and a high onset temperature for thermal degradation of s-PLA respectively.

재발된 유두 갑상선암으로 완결갑상선절제술을 시행한 환자의 임상양상 및 수술합병증

김창우,이소희,유행랑,이강영,강상욱,정종주,남기현,장항석,정웅윤,박정수,Chang Woo Kim,So Hee Lee,Haeng Rang Ryu,Kang Young Rhee,Sang-Wook Kang,Jong Joo Jung,Kee-Hyun Nam,Hang Seok Chang,Woong Youn Chung,and Cheong Soo Park 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2009 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.9 No.3

강설매설관에 작용하는 되메움토 연직토압

박상원(Park Sangwon),도종남(Do Jongnam),정종주(Jung Jongju),천병식(Chun Byungsik) 한국지반환경공학회 2008 한국지반환경공학회논문집 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구에서는 조밀하게 조성된 되메움 지반에서 강성매설관에 작용하는 연직토압에 대하여 Janssen, Marston, Spangler, Handy 이론식과 수치해석 프로그램인 CANDE를 통해 되메움 공간의 저부폭과 되메움 깊이에 대한 영향, 벽면마찰각, 기타 다른 영향인자들에 대하여 비교·분석하였다. 각 이론식들의 비교·점분석결과, 되메움 지반에서의 연직토압에 대한 이론식들은 되메움 저부폭, 매설깊이, 벽면내부마찰각이 주요영향인자로 작용하게 되었다. 또한 CANDE에 의한 해석 결과와 각 이론식들을 비교·분석하면, 동일한 되메움 깊이에서 되메움 저부폭에 따른 연직토압의 크기는 모든 결과에서 동일하게 직선적으로 증가하였으며, 일정한 되메움 저부폭에서 연직토압의 크기는 매설관의 깊이에 따라 증가하였다. CANDE에 의한 해석 결과와 Handy의 제안식이 좋은 접근성을 보였으며, 각종 매설관 및 박스형 구조물의 토압산정에 널리 사용되는 Marston이론은 설계시 상당히 안전측으로 설계되고 있었다. In this paper, vertical earth pressure by CANDE program is compared with that by some equations such as the equation by Janssen, Marston, Spangler, and Handy to calculate vertical earth pressure with respect to several factors acting on a rigid buried-pipe filled cohesionless soil. As a result of comparative analysis of vertical earth pressure with each equation, primary factors are affected by backfill width, backfill depth and wall friction. Moreover, vertical earth pressure is linearly increased with backfill depth and width from results of the finite element method. Handy's Equation is reasonable for finite element method while Marston equation is overestimated in case of the design of buried-pipe and box.

The Arabidopsis AtLEC Gene Encoding a Lectin-like Protein Is Up-Regulated by Multiple Stimuli Including Developmental Signal, Wounding, Jasmonate,Ethylene, and Chitin Elicitor

Seoung Hyun Lyou,Hyon Jin Park,Choonkyun Jung,Hwang Bae Sohn,이가람,김정호,김민균,최양도,정종주 한국분자세포생물학회 2009 Molecules and cells Vol.27 No.1

The Arabidopsis gene AtLEC (At3g15356) gene encodes a putative 30-kDa protein with a legume lectin-like domain. Likely to classic legume lectin family of genes, AtLEC is expressed in rosette leaves, primary inflorescences, and roots, as observed in Northern blot analysis. The accumulation of AtLEC transcript is induced very rapidly, within 30 min, by chitin, a fungal wall-derived oligosaccharide elictor of the plant defense response. Transgenic Arabidopsis carrying an AtLEC promoter-driven -glucuronidase (GUS) construct exhibited GUS activity in the leaf veins, secondary inflorescences, carpel heads, and silique receptacles, in which no expression could be seen in Northern blot analysis. This observation suggests that AtLEC expression is induced transiently and locally during developmental processes in the absence of an external signal such as chitin. In addition, mechanically wounded sites showed strong GUS activity, indicating that the AtLEC promoter responds to jasmonate. Indeed, methyl jasmonate and ethylene exposure induced AtLEC expression within 3-6 h. Thus, the gene appears to play a role in the jasmonate-/ethylene-responsive, in addition to the chitin-elicited, defense responses. However, chitin-induced AtLEC expression was also observed in jasmonate-insensitive (coi1) and ethylene-insensitive (etr1-1) Arabidopsis mutants. Thus, it appears that chitin promotes AtLEC expression via a jasmonate- and/or ethylene-independent pathway.

약액·시멘트 페이스트 혼합형 SCM 중압주입공법의 현장적용성에 관한 연구

천병식(Byung-Sik Chun),백기현(Ki-Hyun Baek),임정환(Jung-Hwan Lim),정종주(Jong-Ju Jung),도종남(Jong-Nam Do),황송연(Song-Yun Hwang) 한국지반환경공학회 2005 한국지반환경공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2005 No.9